Studia Germanica Posnaniensia
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Flexion markers of 2-nd person singular from a synchronic and diachronic point of view. From the Germanic state to old-high-German
Get PDFFlexion elements are a typical feature of the so-called flexion languages and are characterized by the fact that they change their form depending on (in-)flexion and they decode at least two functions. In the case of a Germanic verb inflexion elements stand for two categories: person and a singular/ plural form. In Proto-Indo-European and Proto-Germanic the inflection elements were relatively independent and it was easy to separate them from a verb stem which consisted of the so-called root and other components such as tense or mode markers. In old Germanic languages the processes of fusion and creating portmanteau word(s) (language contamination so to speak) were so advanced that it is difficult, yet not impossible, to separate primary flexion elements. The article presents the development of the 2-nd person singular marker from the Germanic state with regard to the Gothic language up to the old-high-German phase. The markers which were analysed belonged to the Present and Past Tense paradigm of all modes of the selected verb groups, that is both weak and strong ones and the rest not belonging to any of the groups mentioned above. The flexion elements were identified using a synchronic model of a morphological description worked out by Józef Darski (1987, 22004). Modification of the model concerning the character of diachronic studies ensures alsoa proper historical description.Flexion elements are a typical feature of the so-called flexion languages and are characterized by the fact that they change their form depending on (in-)flexion and they decode at least two functions. In the case of a Germanic verb inflexion elements stand for two categories: person and a singular/ plural form. In Proto-Indo-European and Proto-Germanic the inflection elements were relatively independent and it was easy to separate them from a verb stem which consisted of the so-called root and other components such as tense or mode markers. In old Germanic languages the processes of fusion and creating portmanteau word(s) (language contamination so to speak) were so advanced that it is difficult, yet not impossible, to separate primary flexion elements. The article presents the development of the 2-nd person singular marker from the Germanic state with regard to the Gothic language up to the old-high-German phase. The markers which were analysed belonged to the Present and Past Tense paradigm of all modes of the selected verb groups, that is both weak and strong ones and the rest not belonging to any of the groups mentioned above. The flexion elements were identified using a synchronic model of a morphological description worked out by Józef Darski (1987, 22004). Modification of the model concerning the character of diachronic studies ensures also a proper historical description
Zur adverbalen Funktion der für-Phrase aus kontrastiver Sicht
No full textThe subject of considerations of this article is the prepositional phrase introduced by means of the preposition “für” in the confrontative interpretation (German-Polish confrontation). The author analysed first of all the main functions of this phrase, namely its syntactic adverbal function as a complement of the verb and as a predicative expression. The author has also made an attempt at a semantic analysis of selected nominal phrases with the preposition “für” and their equivalents in the Polish language pointing at the possibility of using such research work in the teaching of foreign languages
Zwischen fragwürdiger Historiosophie und utopischen Entwicklungsperspektiven: Das weltanschauliche Angebot der beiden ersten Romane von Johannes Mario Simmel
No full textIn the article the author writes about two novels „Mich wundert, daß ich so fröhlich bin“ (1948) and „Das geheime Brot“ (1950). The problematic historiosophic conceptions which were at the basis of the first of the two novels by Simmel, and which pointed one time to the unmasking of the (false) historical consciousness of German society by the author, and another time to the unmasking of his (the author\u27s) own problematic historical consciousness. These conceptions were "replaced" in the second novel additionally by the “utopian naive” conceptions of the further historical development of Germany. Early novels of Simmel are an evidence of world-view convulsions of the German society in the first post-war years and of helplessness of the author himself as far as the world-view
Bildungen auf -trächtig im Deutschen und ihre Entsprechungen im Polnischen
No full textIn this article the author analysed -trächtig constructions in German along with their translational equivalents in Polish taking in to consideration the word-formation and semantic aspect. The foundation of the unilateral confrontation are examples taken from the press and literature stored in the so called Mannheim Corpus. Circa 70 word forms were analysed together with their occurrence contexts. When analysing the compounds mentioned in the title the author used the method of paraphrases either predicative or in the form of subordinate clauses or extended attributives. The method applied makes the choice of a proper equivalent easier in Polish. When in German univerbalization (Univerbierung) as it is called is the feature of the language in the analysed case, then in Polish shows tendencies to creating analytical constructions
Soziativa im Deutschen und Polnischen
No full textThe author describes and then compares the existing means of expressing sociativeness in German and Polish, formative (e.g. nouns in Ge-, nouns and verbs in mit- and ko/n/- in German, expressions with wspól- in Polisb), as well as lexical and syntactic (e.g. nouns of the type Gefährte, Geselle, Genosse, phrases of the kind zu zweit, zu zweien in German nouns of the type towarzysz, kolega and phrases of the kind we dwoje, we dwójkę in Polish). The author discusses in more detail the so called sociative of the kind of German selbander, selbdritt, Polisb samowtór, samotrzeć (cf. English the two of you/ us/ them), and especially their occurrence in the old legal parlance
