Studia Germanica Posnaniensia
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Zur „psycholinguistischen Einheit“ im Zweitsprachenerwerb
The author concentrated his attention on the process of bringing up to date the acquired patterns of verbal behaviour as a behaviour (action, activity) which is a directed (purposeful) one. In the research of factors conditioning self-acting of construction of plans (bringing up to date of structures) of verbal behaviour what is concerned is the individual ability (skill) of using the \u27second\u27 language (Zweitsprache, L2). The basis of a model of production of linguistic utterances is a cybernetic system of self-regulation of TOTE type (according to Miller/Galanter/Pribram 1980, Polish edition). That is why a common denominator to which the particular, above quoted attitudes are resolved, becomes like in A. A. Leont\u27ev\u27s (1975, German edition) a psycholinguistic unit. As the subject of research of the so called performance not the formal description of structures is postulated but the factors which condition directing of a given structure to the goal of the block of self-acting production. This approach is born from practical need of influencing and transforming (processing) linguistic information in the processes of language perception and production in a thinking (intelligent) individual in the second language acquisiti
The nicest English is in Indiana
Nonlinguists\u27 hand-drawn maps of their perceptions of US dialect areas reveal that prescription is an important part of their area identifications. Labels in these maps, however, indicate that two preferences may be at work - a preference for a "correct" English and another for a "pleasant" or "normal" variety. The fifty states, New York City, and Washington, D. C. were ranked for "pleasantness" of speech by young, white, well-educated, male and female residents of southern Indiana. The intensity of agreement (through standard deviations), a number of individual areas, the difference between men\u27s and women\u27s ratings, and the differences between the two modes of presentation of the research instrument are analyzed. The results are contrasted with an earlier ranking of the same areas by similar informants for the notion "correct" and generalized by being placed on a map representing the perception of US speech areas obtained from similar informants