Portal de Revistas Académicas del Instituto Tecnológico de Santo Domingo (INTEC)
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La política de migración selectiva en Venezuela durante el siglo xx: desde la tipología de migrante de raza blanca hasta el migrante calificado proveniente de Europa Oriental
No full textThe research examines the links between migration policy, petroleum and migration with the aim of identifying the relevant milestones that shaped the phenomenon of migration in Venezuela during the 20th century. Regarding the methodology, first and secondary sources were reviewed, which included censuses, laws and press releases that were used to rebuild the historical context in which migratory flows took place. Among the main findings, it was verified that the Venezuelan State maintained a selective migration policy until 1999, since he never abandoned his aspiration to attract migrants from both Western and Eastern Europe, as reflected in the installation of the Presidential Commission for Selective Immigration, during the second government of Carlos Andrés Pérez as in the anti-Colombian discourse that characterized the official spokesperson during the second government of Rafael Caldera.La investigación examina los nexos entre la política migratoria, la petrolera y la migración, con el objetivo de identificar los hitos relevantes que configuraron el fenómeno de la migración en Venezuela durante el siglo xx. En cuanto a la metodología, se revisaron fuentes primarias y secundarias, que incluyeron censos, leyes y notas de prensa que se utilizaron para reconstruir el contexto histórico en el que tuvieron lugar los flujos migratorios. Entre los principales hallazgos, se comprobó que el Estado venezolano mantuvo una política de migración selectiva hasta 1999, puesto que nunca abandonó su aspiración de atraer migrantes proveniente tanto de la Europa occidental como oriental, tal como se refleja en la instalación de Comisión Presidencial para la inmigración Selectiva (COPRISE), durante el segundo gobierno de Carlos Andrés Pérez; o el discurso anti colombiano que caracterizó a la vocería oficial durante el segundo gobierno de Rafael Caldera
Bernardo Vega sobre Joaquín Balaguer
No full textPresentation given by Bernardo Vega, economist, and historian, at the Technological Institute of Santo Domingo (INTEC), during the event entitled: "Economic thought in Dominican political leaders: the case of Joaquín Balaguer."Ponencia dictada por Bernardo Vega, economista e historiador, en el Instituto Tecnológico de Santo Domingo (INTEC), durante el evento titulado: “Pensamiento económico en líderes políticos dominicanos: el caso de Joaquín Balaguer”
Falacias estadísticas en investigación psicológica y cómo enseñar la sabiduría podría ayudar
No full textThe main purpose of this article is to defend the position that some fallacies surrounding the application of the frequentist strategy, represented by the tradition of statistical test of null hypothesis, have been confused with substantive solutions in research. On the other hand, we try to illustrate how this confusion affects the replication crisis (Costello & Watts, 2022) and also to expose how a researcher, given his own limitations, must face the challenges represented by all the statistical strategies that are within his reach. It warns about the high probability that these strategies are subject to the cognitive miserliness that characterizes human beings. Finally, the teaching of wisdom is offered as an alternative to reduce such biases.El propósito principal de este artículo es defender la posición de que algunas falacias alrededor de la aplicación de la estrategia frecuentista, representada por la tradición de la prueba estadística de hipótesis nula, han sido confundidas con las soluciones sustantivas en la investigación. Por otro lado, se intenta ilustrar cómo esta confusión incide en la crisis de la replicación (Costello & Watts, 2022) y, además, exponer cómo un investigador, dada sus propias limitaciones, debe enfrentar los retos que representan todas las estrategias estadísticas que están a su alcance. Se advierte sobre la alta probabilidad de que estas estrategias estén sujetas a la avaricia cognoscitiva que caracteriza a los seres humanos. Finalmente, la enseñanza de la sabiduría se ofrece como una alternativa para reducir dichos sesgos
Percepciones de estudiantes de magisterio sobre la escritura académica
No full textThis article aims to analyze the perceptions about academic writing and its possible implementation after a set of explicit teaching activities. The methodology focused on field research and descriptive scope. A questionnaire was applied requesting ten statements about the academic writing process as a self-reflexive strategy to create an identity profile of the subjects after a training process. The informants of this study were a group of twenty-two teacher training students from the Instituto Superior de Formación Docente Salomé Ureña (ISFODOSU), in the Dominican Republic. The statements were treated with the content analysis technique for creating inductive categories. The data was processed with MAXQDA 2022. The results revealed that students who go through academic literacy workshops show greater interest in writing and research, are aware of the complexity of these processes and the efforts involved in achieving the objectives.El objetivo de este artículo es analizar las percepciones sobre escritura académica y su posible puesta en práctica, luego de un conjunto de actividades de enseñanza explícita. La metodología se centró en una investigación de campo y de alcance descriptivo. Se aplicó un cuestionario solicitando diez afirmaciones sobre el proceso de escritura académica como estrategia autorreflexiva a fin de crear un perfil identitario de los sujetos después de un proceso formativo. Los informantes de este estudio fueron un grupo de veintidós estudiantes de magisterio del Instituto Superior de Formación Docente Salomé Ureña (ISFODOSU), de República Dominicana. Las afirmaciones fueron tratadas con la técnica del análisis de contenido para lo cual se crearon categorías inductivas. Los datos se procesaron con MAXQDA 2022. Los resultados revelaron que los estudiantes que transitan por talleres de alfabetización académica muestran mayor interés por la escritura y la investigación, son conscientes de la complejidad de estos procesos y de los esfuerzos implicados en el logro de los objetivos
Editorial
No full textCiencia y Educación makes its first issue of 2023 available to the scientific community with research papers and theoretical essays by authors from Mexico, Honduras and the Dominican Republic, which address topics on teaching in higher education, inclusive education, training in biotechnology and access and use of digital technologies in indigenous youth...Ciencia y Educación pone a la disposición de la comunidad científica su primer número del 2023 con trabajos de investigación y ensayos teóricos de autoras y autores de México, Honduras y República Dominicana, que abordan temáticas sobre docencia en la educación superior, educación inclusiva, formación en biotecnología y acceso y uso de tecnologías digitales en la juventud indígena..
Cardiovascular risk in Hashimoto thyroiditis patients according to their thyroid state: a cross-sectional study
No full textAims: To investigate the association between cardiovascular risk factors and cardiovascular risk score with the thyroid status of patients with Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis.
Methods: Thirty-eight consenting adults with Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis participated in this cross-sectional study. The cardiovascular risk factors considered included age, sex, blood pressure, body mass index, fast blood glucose, lipid profile, cardiovascular comorbidities, C reactive protein, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. The Framingham CV risk score was performed. The sample was classified into euthyroid (n = 15), clinical hypothyroidism (n = 9), and subclinical hypothyroidism (n = 13), and included the presence of antithyroid antibodies. Fisher’s exact test was used to determine the association between the variables studied.
Results: 100% of the sample were women; a mean age between 39-59 years old. The category with low risk was the largest (n = 30), equivalent to 78.9%; moderate risk, no patient was obtained; high risk (n = 8) constituted 21.1%. Statistical significance between age and CV risk score in patients with clinical hypothyroidism was found (p < 1), 95% CI. The glucose level in the subclinical hypothyroidism and clinical hypothyroidism had statistical significance. The presence of anti-Thyroglobulin (antiTg) was shown to be closely related to the level of CV risk in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism.
Conclusion: Age, glycemia, anti-Tg, history of DM, dyslipidemia, or cerebrovascular accidents have been linked to raising the risk of developing CVD in up to 10 years depending on their thyroid profile. No evidence of a direct relationship between CV risk score and thyroid state was found in the participants of this study.Aims: To investigate the association between cardiovascular risk factors and cardiovascular risk score with the thyroid status of patients with Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis.
Methods: Thirty-eight consenting adults with Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis participated in this cross-sectional study. The cardiovascular risk factors considered included age, sex, blood pressure, body mass index, fast blood glucose, lipid profile, cardiovascular comorbidities, C reactive protein, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. The Framingham CV risk score was performed. The sample was classified into euthyroid (n = 15), clinical hypothyroidism (n = 9), and subclinical hypothyroidism (n = 13), and included the presence of antithyroid antibodies. Fisher’s exact test was used to determine the association between the variables studied.
Results: 100% of the sample were women; a mean age between 39-59 years old. The category with low risk was the largest (n = 30), equivalent to 78.9%; moderate risk, no patient was obtained; high risk (n = 8) constituted 21.1%. Statistical significance between age and CV risk score in patients with clinical hypothyroidism was found (p < 1), 95% CI. The glucose level in the subclinical hypothyroidism and clinical hypothyroidism had statistical significance. The presence of anti-Thyroglobulin (antiTg) was shown to be closely related to the level of CV risk in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism.
Conclusion: Age, glycemia, anti-Tg, history of DM, dyslipidemia, or cerebrovascular accidents have been linked to raising the risk of developing CVD in up to 10 years depending on their thyroid profile. No evidence of a direct relationship between CV risk score and thyroid state was found in the participants of this study
Comportamiento del Strain ventrículo derecho en pacientes tratados con quimioterapia y/o radioterapia en una cohorte de pacientes
No full textIntroduction: It is well known the usefulness of left ventricle (LV) longitudinal global strain (GLS) in patients receiving antineoplastic therapy. Recent studies suggested a similar behavior of the right ventricle (RV) free wall longitudinal strain (FWLS), but in the literature there are still many controversies that limit its evaluation, so this study is a contribution to this need for practicality.
Objective: To assess the behavior and usefulness of RV FWLS in patients treated with chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy and its correlation with the LV GLS.
Method: A data collection protocol that included demographic variables and personal history was applied to patients diagnosed with cancer treated with chemotherapy and/ or radiotherapy who underwent an echocardiogram with strain from November 2020 to March 2021. The echocardiogram was performed accordingly with American Society of Echocardiography guidelines standards, including a LV GLS and a RV FWLS. The data was analyzed in the SPSS program.
Results: Of 90 patients, 6 excluded for a total of 84 collected. 89% were women, mean age 59 ±11 years, 73% breast cancer. 54% had hypertension, 27% obesity, 23% dyslipidemia, 19% were diabetic and 11% are or use to be smokers. 46% had received concomitantly chemotherapy and radiotherapy and 48% were treated more than a year ago. In echocardiographic findings, mean LV ejection fraction (EF) was 64±7 %, however, 82% had reduced LV GLS (44% being less than -15%). Similarly, 74% of RV FWLS was reduced, but only 15% of the S wave of the RV by tissue Doppler was abnormal, 7% of TAPSE was reduced, and 6% of fractional area change (FAC). The Pearson correlation coefficient between LV GLS and RV FWLS was of 0.463 with a p value of <.001 indicating a significant moderate positive linear relationship.
Conclusion: Our study suggests that RV FWLS has a similar behavior as LV GLS and is a better predictor of right ventricular dysfunction over conventional parameters. Whereby should be incorporated as a routine measurement in the echocardiographic evaluation of patients receiving antineoplastic therapy.Introducción: es bien conocida la utilidad del strain global longitudinal (SGL) del ventrículo izquierdo (VI) en pacientes que reciben antineoplásicos. Estudios recientes sugieren una conducta similar del strain longitudinal de la pared libre (SLPL) del ventrículo derecho (VD), pero en la literatura aún existen muchas controversias que limitan su valoración, por lo que este estudio es un aporte a esta necesidad de practicidad.
Objetivo: evaluar el comportamiento del SLPL del VD en los pacientes tratados con quimioterapia y/o radioterapia, y su correlación con el SGL del VI.
Metodología: se aplicó un protocolo de recolección de datos que incluía variables demográficas y antecedentes de pacientes con diagnóstico de cáncer, tratados con quimioterapia y/o radioterapia, que acudieron a realizarse un ecocardiograma con strain, desde noviembre 2020 a marzo 2021. El ecocardiograma se hizo acorde con los estándares de las guías de la Sociedad Americana de Ecocardiografía, que incluyera SGL del VI y el SLPL del VD. Los datos fueron analizados en programa SPSS.
Resultados: de 90 pacientes, 6 excluidos para un total de 84 recopilados. 89 % mujeres, edad promedio 59 ±11 años, 73 % cáncer de mama. 54 % hipertensos, 27 % obesos, 23 % con dislipidemia, 19 % diabéticos y 11 % eran o fueron fumadores. 46 % había recibido quimioterapia y radioterapia concomitantes y el 48 % había recibido tratamiento hace más de un año. En hallazgos ecocardiográficos: fracción de eyección del VI (FE) promedio 64±7; sin embargo, 82 % tenía SGL del VI reducido (44 % menor a -15 %). De manera similar, el 74 % tenía reducción del SLPL del VD, pero solo el 15 % de la onda S del Doppler tisular del VD estaba anormal, 7 % del TAPSE estaba reducido y 6 % el cambio del área fraccional (CAF). El coeficiente de correlación de Pearson entre el SGL del VI y el SLPL del VD fue de 0.463, con un valor de p <.001, indicando una significativa relación lineal positiva moderada.
Conclusión: nuestro estudio sugiere que el SLPL del VD tiene un comportamiento similar al SGL del VI y es un mejor predictor de disfunción ventricular derecha, por encima de los parámetros convencionales. Por esta razón, debería incorporarse como una medida rutinaria en la evaluación ecocardiográfica de los pacientes que reciben terapias antineoplásicas
Validación del cuestionario de experiencia sexual en línea (OSEQ) en estudiantes universitarios mexicanos
No full textIntroduction: The Online Sexual Experience Questionnaire (OSEQ) is an instrument designed to measure online sexual activities in the Canadian population. Due to the novelty of the subject and the impact on the sexual practices and behaviors of young adults, its study in the Mexican population is relevant, where research is incipient, despite the fact that the health contingency generated by COVID-19 has caused an increase in the consumption of this kind of behaviors.
Objective: To adapt, make reliable and validate the Online Sexual Experience Questionnaire in the university population of Mexico.
Method: 483 students (145 men and 338 women) of the distance university system participated, between 18 and 69 years old (M= 32.58, D. E.=9.21), who were selected from a non-probabilistic sampling, for convenience, to whom the questionnaires were applied via the Internet.
Results: from the exploratory factorial analysis the original factors of the instrument were respected, reducing from 48 to 13 items, with an alpha of .85, from the confirmatory factorial analysis the values obtained (Chi= 134.72, gl= 58, Cmin/Df=2.323. 135, p= .000, NFI= .961, RFI= .948, CFI= .977 and RMSEA= .052) were adequate.
Conclusion: the instrument shows an acceptable level, similar to those obtained in the original questionnaire.Antecedentes: el Cuestionario de Experiencia Sexual en Línea (OSEQ) es un instrumento diseñado para medir las actividades sexuales en línea en población canadiense. Por la novedad del tema y el impacto en las prácticas y conductas sexuales de los jóvenes adultos, es relevante su estudio en población mexicana, en donde la investigación es incipiente, a pesar de que la contingencia sanitaria, generada por la COVID-19, haya provocado un aumento en el consumo de esta clase de conductas.
Objetivo: adaptar, confiabilizar y validar en población universitaria de México el Online Sexual Experience Questionnaire.
Método: participaron 483 estudiantes (145 hombres y 338 mujeres) del sistema de universidad a distancia, de entre 18 y 69 años (M= 32.58, D. E.=9.21), quienes fueron seleccionados a partir de un muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia y se les aplicaron los cuestionarios vía internet.
Resultados: del análisis factorial exploratorio se respetaron los factores originales del instrumento, reduciendo de 48 a 13 ítems, con una alfa de .85; del análisis factorial confirmatorio, los valores obtenidos (Chi= 134.72, gl= 58, Cmin/Df=2.323.135, p= .000, NFI= .961, RFI= .948, CFI= .977 y RMSEA= .052) fueron adecuados.
Conclusión: el instrumento muestra niveles aceptables, similares a los obtenidos en el cuestionario original
Debates y desafíos sobre la construcción de territorios de cuidado para el desarrollo humano de la primera infancia
No full textThis article reviews recent research on early childhood care from a territorial dimension. Studies with up to 5 years of publication in databases and digital repositories at the Latin American level were analyzed. The analysis of this information was done through a back- ground matrix that contrasted hypotheses, arguments, theoretical and methodological frameworks. As results, it was found that for each scope of territorial action (family, school, public policies, non-formal education and diverse territories) there are different conceptions of childhood and approaches for its intervention as the basis of current relevant debates on childcare, among others, the notion of early childhood citizenship vs. its actual exercise; take care/attend vs. educate; transform existing family arrangements per se vs. understand the subjective impact of motherhood on each woman; children’s rights vs. women’s rights. The following are proposed as topics that deserve further investigation for future research: 1. Strategies to encourage greater responsibility of men in care tasks; 2. The role of the private childcare offer in Latin America; 3. Post-pandemic effects on learning; 4. Challenges and advantages of the digital world as a technologically mediated territory since early childhood. As a main conclusion, it highlights the importance of ascribing a multiterritorial perspective as a strategy to provide contextualized solutions to early childhood human development problems.Este artículo revisa investigaciones recientes sobre el cuidado de la primera infancia desde una dimensión territorial. Se analizaron estudios con hasta cinco años de publicación en bases de datos y repositorios digitales a nivel latinoamericano. El análisis de esta información se hizo mediante una matriz de antecedentes que contrastó hipótesis, argumentos, marcos teóricos y metodológicos. Como resultados se encontró que, según el ámbito de acción territorial (familia, escuela, políticas públicas, educación no formal y territorios diversos) existen distintas concepciones sobre la niñez y enfoques para su intervención como base de los debates relevantes de actualidad sobre los cuidados de la infancia, entre otros, la noción de ciudadanía de la primera infancia vs. su ejercicio real; cuidar/atender vs. educar; transformar per se los arreglos familiares existentes vs. comprender el impacto subjetivo de la maternidad en cada mujer; los derechos de los niños y niñas vs. los derechos de las mujeres. Se proponen como temas que ameritan profundización para futuras investigaciones: 1. Estrategias para incentivar mayor responsabilidad de los hombres en las tareas del cuidado; 2. El papel de la oferta privada de cuidados en Latinoamérica; 3. Los efectos pospandemia en el aprendizaje; 4. Retos y ventajas del mundo digital como territorio tecnológicamente mediado desde la primera infancia. Como conclusión principal, se resalta la importancia de adscribir una perspectiva multiterritorial como estrategia para dar soluciones contextualizadas a los problemas de desarrollo humano de la primera infancia