Studia Europaea Gnesnensia
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Aspekty polityczne i militarne „roku czterech cesarzy” (68-69 r. po Chr.). Część 1: do śmierci Galby
Get PDFThe Year of the Four Emperors, as the period of civil wars in Rome after Nero’s death is often called, was the first major shake-up which affected the Roman state since a new system of rule, referred to as the Principate, had been established by Augustus. Following the imperial proclamation of Servius Sulpicius Galba, the governor of Spain (June 8th, 68) and the suicide of Nero (June 9th), the Roman state plunged into a profound political crisis. This was because the new emperor found no support either in the City itself, or among the soldiers of legions stationed on the Empire’s frontiers. On January 2nd, 69, Roman army on the Rhine hailed Aulus Vitellius, their commander, as the emperor. As Tacitus observed, this revealed the “secret of rule” (arcanum imperii) – namely one could become an emperor not only in the capital of the Empire but also on its remote periphery. Vitellius immediately began preparations for an armed contest with Galba. However, on January 15th, 69, the latter was murdered in Rome, and praetorians proclaimed M. Salvius Otho as the emperor
Rada wojskowa o cywilnym charakterze; rec. książki: Pamela Delia Johnston, The Military Consilium in Republican Rome
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Problemy metodologiczne w badaniach nad Celtami i celtyckością
Get PDFIn the studies devoted to Celts so far, researchers have tried to define “Celticness” based on two criteria: their material culture and language. Another element which tended to be employed was the argument of terminology used by antique authors. At present, we know that the sense of ethnic identification may have been independent of those factors. This led to a genuine “scientific revolution”, which resulted in the exclusion of Ireland and northern Britain from the circle of Celtic culture. Consequently, the question in which cases one can speak of “Celticness” has become relevant yet again. The author is of the opinion that decisive significance should be attributed to self-identification of given tribes, although sources rarely provide information in that respect. Depending on the remaining criteria tends to be greatly unreliable, given that they were are a modern concept and as such are subject to manipulation. A comfortable, though exceedingly rare situation is their joint occurrence. For this reason the author is inclined to give priority to the language criterion, yet only when the faulty terminology relation to the so-called Q-Celtic and P-Celtic languages is abandoned. Despite the fact that Irish civilisation has been demonstrated to have been non-Celtic, the obsolete terminology is still in use, as a result of which the linguistic criterion cannot perform its function effectively
Ciągle tajemniczy Mitra…
Get PDFRecenzja książki: Andreas Hensen, Mithras. Der Mysterienkult an Limes, Rhein und Donau, Theiss Verlag, Die Limes¬reihe – Schriften des Limesmuseum Aalen, 62, Aalen 2013, 96 s., w tekście liczne fotografie, rysunki i plan
Jeszcze raz o estetyce w historii, czyli odpowiedź na uwagi dr hab. Moniki Ożóg na recenzję jej pracy zatytułowanej: ,,Inter duas potestates. Polityka religijna Teoderyka Wielkiego”, wydawnictwo WAM, Kraków 2012
Get PDFHistoria, pamięć i nacjonalizm po katalońsku
Get PDFThe article analyses relationships between history and memory in the context of Catalonian nationalism. Its essential aim is to demonstrate how one makes (i.e. uses and abuses) memory in Catalonia. The author seeks to show that Catalonian nationalism means manipulation of history, falsification of sources and distorted interpretations rather than a discourse about the actual history of Catalonia.The article analyses relationships between history and memory in the context of Catalonian nationalism. Its essential aim is to demonstrate how one makes (i.e. uses and abuses) memory in Catalonia. The author seeks to show that Catalonian nationalism means manipulation of history, falsification of sources and distorted interpretations rather than a discourse about the actual history of Catalonia
Aspekty polityczne i militarne „roku czterech cesarzy” (68-69 r. po Chr.). Część 2: Od śmierci Galby do zwycięstwa Wespazjana
Get PDFThe aim of this paper is to discuss the political and military aspects of the Year of the Four Emperors, i.e. the period of civil war in Rome which began with the death of emperor Nero in June 68, and ended with Vespasian’s ascend to undivided power towards the end of 69. In Part Two, the author discusses the events which took place between the death of the Emperor Galba in January 69 and the final victory of Vespasian’s party in December 69.The aim of this paper is to discuss the political and military aspects of the Year of the Four Emperors, i.e. the period of civil war in Rome which began with the death of emperor Nero in June 68, and ended with Vespasian’s ascend to undivided power towards the end of 69. In Part Two, the author discusses the events which took place between the death of the Emperor Galba in January 69 and the final victory of Vespasian’s party in December 69
Textiles in cultural relations between the Roman Empire and the Barbaricum (1st-3rd cent. AD)
Get PDFTextiles in cultural relations between the Roman Empire and the Barbaricum (1st-3rd cent. AD) - autoreferat rozprawy doktorskie
O władzy ludzi nad zwierzętami w kulturze zachodniej – perspektywa posthumanistyczna
Get PDFIn this paper, I discuss the problem of human ascendance over animals. The issue is particularly important and often addressed in contemporary intellectual current referred to as posthumanism. In this framework, the interest in humanity is not abandoned, but one departs from the anthropocentric approach. The prefix “post” denotes a shift of focus, from problems and intellectual positions which underline the privileged status of the human to non-anthropocentric attitudes. These are non-anthropocentric humanities, although the designation itself is paradoxical, and undermines the legitimacy of the humanities in general, since anthropos is the principal subject of research of the discipline and the humanistic approach. For those reasons, “non-anthropocentric humanities” and other ones as well, such as “non-humanist anthropology”, “anthropology of objects”, “anthropology of cyborgs” or finally “posthumanities” provoke reservations. Still, this is a problem which always appears when appropriate words are lacking to describe a set of new tendencies, directions of research or intellectual approaches which have not yet developed a suitable terminology. The prefix “post” suggests that new phenomena cannot be rendered by means of the former notions and categories; new methods which make it possible have to be sought. In the case of notions such as “non-anthropocentric humanities” and “posthumanities”, the important thing is that they forecast as change of the dominant in the tendencies, directions and methods of (post)humanistic studies. They do not draw upon humanism as a specific approach to the world in whose centre one finds the human being, but to the non-essentialist and non-hierarchically oriented posthumanism