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Study of Reaction Conditions on a Conversion ratio of Castor Oil Fuel Production
Get PDFPresent paper is performed to production of biodiesel fuel BDF from castor oil CO. The effect of the molar ratio of alcohol to oil, temperature, and the type of catalyst factor on the efficiency of BDF production was studied. Esterification reactions were used to convert fat into fuel. The ideal molar ratio of methanol to oil is 1:7. The reaction temperature is 65°C, and the reaction time is 120 minutes. The concentration of the catalyst was 1% by weight of the CO. The conversion efficiency is 97% when using the above amounts. Potassium hydroxide is better than sodium hydroxide in esterification reactions. The physical specifications of the produced fuel are in accordance with the international specifications of ASTM, except for a tiny increase in viscosity. But it is within the permissible range. After completing the reaction process, the separation took two hours, unlike traditional techniques that take five days
Evaluation of well water in the site Technical Agricultural College - Mosul for its validity in the growth and yield of three varieties of the cotton plant (Gossypium hirsutum L.)
Get PDFGroundwater is one of the most important sources of water storage in the world, which is used as an alternative when rains are scarce and the drainage of the Tigris River is low. Wells have been dug in the site Technical Agricultural College - Mosul (Rashidiya area) and used for various purposes without prior planning. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct a study on the quality of groundwater in the Agricultural Technical College to demonstrate the validity of its use for agriculture, especially the cotton plant within the fields of the Cotton Research Unit. 4 wells were selected in the study area, which was used to irrigate the cultivation of 3 varieties of the cotton plant (1. Ashore V1, 2. Lashata V2, 3.Coker 310 V3) Water samples were collected from the wells and some on-site tests were conducted for them, and then the physical examinations were performed, represented by ( their electrical conductivity, refractive index, surface tension, density and viscosity) as well as the chemical tests that included (acidic function, total dissolved salts, total hardness, and positive ions such as calcium, magnesium, sodium, and ions) The negative results represented by chlorides and sulfates in them. The results showed that there are differences between the wells in all the measured characteristics due to the difference in the geological nature between the wells because some of them contain gypsum and lime components that are soluble in water. Plant height, number of fruiting branches, number of blooming bolls and total yield of cotton blossom per unit area (kg/hectare)
Efficiency of some vegetative powders and storage method in controlling the Great wax moth Galleria melloella L.
Get PDFThe studies were conducted in the apiary laboratory, apiary store and the external shed of the Plant Protection Department/Department of Plant Protection/College of Agriculture and Forestry/Mosul University during the year 2019-2020. Before using plant powders (black arum, oleander, and cinnamon) to control the wax moth, the effect of the powders on honeybee colonies was tested. The results did not show any negative effect of the powders under study on bees, and bees mortality as a result of treating frames with powders were not recorded. As for the effect of plant powders on the wax-moth, the results showed the lethal effect of plant powders (black arum, oleander and cinnamon) on the Wax moth larvae stage in the laboratory. All plant powders led to satisfactory mortality rates after a week of treatment, especially the black arum powder treatment which differed from the other treatments, and recorded the highest mortality rate of 83.3%, followed by oleander powder with a mortality rate of 63.3%, then cinnamon powder treatment which resulted in the lowest mortality rate of 50.0% during the same period. It was noted that mortality rates differed among treatments for different dates. Interaction treatment of black arum powder and outdoor storage method with leaving a space between frames after a week of treatment recorded the highest mortality rate which was. The rates of larval mortality varied according to the method of storage, arranging the frames and the dates of data recording. Natural mortality rates of insect larvae were recorded in the control treatment, especially in outdoor storing frames, when leaving a space between frames. The control treatment did not record any natural mortality for larvae when using the storage method inside the store, regardless of the distance between frames or the dates of data recording
Power Quality Improvement in Mosul City Using Shunt Active Power Filter
Get PDFOne of the most important issues in Mosul is power quality. A power quality issue caused by current harmonic pollution caused by a wide range of nonlinear loads in the electrical power system. The shunt active power filter based on instantaneous active and reactive power theory is proposed to reduce these harmonics. In this paper, two locations in Mosul city have been chosen to be studied. The real measurements from the studied locations are simulated in Matlab/Simulation based on the current harmonic distortion produced by a nonlinear load to demonstrate the SAPF's ability to mitigate current harmonics and improve power quality
Lindely’s method to estimate the parameters of the univariate truncated t Regression Model using informative prior information
Get PDF In this paper, the parameters of the truncated t-regression model were estimated, in which the response variable follows a two-sided truncated t-distribution, and its parameters were estimated by an approximate Bayesian technique according to Lindley's method. Parameters were estimated when ?2 and ? were unknown when the truncated t regression simple linear model was univariate. Informative prior information are used to estimate the parameters of the univariate model when the truncating points and the degree of freedom are known and with different cases of them .
On the application side, experimental samples were generated by using the inverse function method. The application was carried out by relying on the Matlab program (14b) and according to different sample sizes, which are 10, 20 and 30 with degrees of freedom 3 and 6, truncated points were selected from two sides ranging within the following periods: ( -3 , + 3 ) , ( -2 , + 2 ), ( -1 , + 1) , as well as for one term only, once from the left side for intervals (-3,0), (-2,0), (- 1.0) and the other from the right side for the periods (0, +3), (0, +2), (0, +1), and the risk function was relied on in measuring the preference in relation to the sample size or the degree of freedom. It was concluded that the inverse relationship between the risk function on the one hand and the sample size and degrees of freedom on the other hand, as the increase in the sample size leads to a decrease in the risk function and also the greater the degree of freedom the more this leads to a decrease in the risk function.
It was also concluded that the breadth of the truncated area leads to a decrease in the value of the risk function
Fusel Oil as A Fuel Additive with Gasoline to Operate Spark Ignition Engine, A Comparative Review
Get PDFThe climate change, global warning, energy price, and energy supply crisis are the essential issues facing of the world. The petroleum based energy supplement was the main responsible for these problems. Alternative fuels need and the increasing of the sources of renewable and clean energy with limited fuel supplies are becoming important. Many students are studies alcohol as alternative fuels. From fermentation process fusel oil is produced as a byproduct with higher alcohol content. During the last decades, fusel oil is took care as a renewable fuel in spark ignition engine. The objective of the present study, is to survey the effects of fusel oil-gasoline mixture on the performance (break torque, break power, brake specific fuel consumption, efficiency, & effective) also on characteristics of combustion and emissions ((CO , HC hydrocarbons, NOx)) in SI engine
The Role of Authentic Leadership in Scaling Job Laziness Cases: An Analytical Study of the Opinions of an Administrative Leaderships Sample at the Northern Technical University and its Formations in Nineveh Governorate
Get PDFThe current research has dealt with two variables of great importance for organizations, represented by authentic leadership, expressed in its dimensions (self-awareness, balanced processing, relational transparency, internalized moral perspective and scaling jobs laziness cases represented by job apathy, disavowing responsibility, procrastination, decreased expended effort). Accordingly, the research seeks to determine the role application at the Northern Technical University and its formations in Nineveh Governorate. A questionnaire was adopted as a main tool in collecting data for the two variables from a sample of (95) at the top and middle levels of managerial leaderships in the researched organizations. Several statistical methods were used in the analysis of these data according to the (SPSS) software, and reached several conclusions confirming the existence of correlations and effects relations between the authentic leadership and the scaling of job laziness cases. The cases of job laziness in the researched organizations derived the constituents of its scaling from the adoption of its leaders of the expressive dimensions of authentic leadership. The research concluded by presenting several proposals necessary to organizations in general and to the current research in particular with regard to its variables.  
Diversity Management of Human Resources as a Response to Environmental Changes :an analytical vision
Get PDFThis present study aimed at introducing an analytical vision of the impact of diversity management of environmental change in business organizations in order to determine the responses. The study problem is determined with the question: Is diversity management one factor that decides the natural response with environmental changes? The hypothesis of the study is diversity management as a determined factor of response with environment changes an analytical vision and the study depend of analytical methodology concerned with this phenomenology. The study reached many conclusions such as: there is an impact of diversity management on a response of environmental that changes an analytical vision of the researcher. Finally, the study introduced many recommendation
Design and Implementation of a Dual-Axis Solar Tracking System STS
Get PDFSolar energy is converted into electrical energy using photovoltaic panels. The production of electricity from the solar panel is increased by the increase in the collection of solar radiation by the solar panel. To track the sun in vertical and horizontal directions, a dual-axis tracking prototype has been developed to capture the maximum sun rays by tracking the movement of the sun in four different directions. One axis is horizontal, which allows the solar panel to move left and right. The other axis is vertical and allows the panel to turn up and down. The result of this new development provides the solar panels with extensive freedom of movement. This process makes use of the Light Depending Resistor (LDR), which is important for detecting the sun's light by following the source of the light location. Proteus software is being used to design the circuit for the Arduino mega microcontrollers and H-Bridge IC chip. This implemented system can save more energy and probably offer a greater reduction in cost. The project discusses the process of hardware development and the control process of tracking the sun, as well as the circuit design
Theoretical and experimental study of the effect of concentration ratio on CTPTC performance
Get PDFA Theoretical and practical study was conducted to analyze the performance of a closed type parabolic trough collector CTPTC. The study was conducted in northern Iraq at longitude 43o.53 and latitude 35º.25. Use water as a working fluid at a mass flow rate of 0.00083,0.0011 0.00138, 0.00166, Kg/sec, with a concentration ratio of 10, 14 and 22. The maximum value of experimental efficiency of 42% in the summer and 29% in the Winter. The theoretical study was conducted according to ASHRAE 93-1986 (RA-91). The hypothetical results show that theoretical efficiency starts at 30% and increases relatively with increasing mass flow and decreases with temperature and the concentration ratio to reach a maximum value of 50%in the summer and a maximum value of 68% in the Winter