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Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow Over A Bank of Longitudinally Finned Flat Tubes: A Numerical Study
Get PDFThis computational study investigates the heat transfer rate and fluid flow characteristics of a staggered arrangement of longitudinally finned flat tube banks ( ) with a constant surface temperature. The finite volume method ( ) is used to solve the governing equations using the commercial software . This study considers longitudinal pitch ratios ( ). In addition, the dimensionless transverse pitch ratio ( )=3 and both the dimensionless upstream fin length ratio ( )= ( ) =0.8 is the dimensionless fin angle . The focus of the investigation is a Reynolds number range between with constant physical properties. The analysis examines pressure drop, dimensionless heat transfer rate, and the average Nusselt number. Results indicate that as Reynolds numbers increase and dimensionless longitudinal pitch ratios decrease, the heat transfer rate between tube surfaces and airflow increases to reach maximum value of 275. In addition, the Reynolds number affects the pressure drop, Began number, average Nusselt number, and thermal hydraulic performance
The relationship of hypothyroidism to iron deficiency in the body: Review Article
Get PDFThe lack of iron storage has a significant impact on the thyroid gland's efficiency, and its synthesis of hormones, which are required for biological activities in the body, has been compromised. Thyroid problems also have a harmful effect on the level and amount of iron stored in the body. Inactive gland activity leads to poor iron absorption, and it is often incorrectly diagnosed as hypothyroidism due to the similarity of symptoms between them. Although both hypothyroidism and iron deficiency are different diseases, their symptoms are sometimes related. Hypothyroidism sometimes leads to a weakness in the body's ability to absorb iron, causing iron deficiency anemia. Because both diseases cause similar symptoms, such as frequent fatigue and sometimes weakness, as well as paleness, a good diagnosis is important to discover the main cause of these symptoms. Iron deficiency is commonly connected with hypothyroidism. Current research has demonstrated that adding iron to hormonal therapy for the treatment of pathological hypothyroidism situations improved the pathological condition as compared to using hormonal therapy for the thyroid gland alone
Some Pro-inflammatory Cytokines Levels in Staphylococcal infection
No full text Staphylococci is gram-positive, spherical cells, they are commonly distributed in the environment often part of normal human flora. Staph. aureus, Staph. saprophyticus, and Staph. epidermidis are the three most significant clinically important pathogens. Cytokines are small secreted proteins (<40 kDa), which are produced by nearly every cell to regulate and affect immune response (96). Proinflammatory cytokines are proteins that have been associated with cell proliferation, differentiation, and changes in gene expression, and synthesis of matrix proteins important to cell growth and tissue repair, these proteins are often released in a cascade, where an initial release of TNF is followed first by IL-1 and then by IL-6. 110 clinical samples include 110 throat swap and 60 saliva samples were collected from tonsillitis patients in Kirkuk of both gender and different age groups. Sterile cotton swab were used for throat swab and sterile container for saliva collection. The results showed that Staphylococcus aureus scored highest percentage (59%), followed by Staph. hemolyticus (15%) compared to Staph. epidermidis that scored lowest percentage (2.4%). A sensitivity test was carried out for all bacterial isolates, Staphylococcus spp. showed high resistance to Cefotoxin (, Benzyle-pencillin (, Ampicillin-Sulbactam(, Oxacillin (, Ceftriaxone (, and Erythromycin(, while Staphylococcus spp. showed high sensitive to Linezolid (100%), Teicoplanin (100%), Vancomycin (100%), and Rifampicin (100%). Staph. aureus scored high mean levels at IL-6 (14.51±13.1 ng/L) compared with other Staphylococcus spp. (0.52±0.1 ng/L), while Staph. aureus scored (90.47±77.79 pg/ml) compared with other Staphylococcus spp. (113.0±79.9 pg/ml)
Treatment and Prevention of Oral Biofilms by Clove _Gold Nanoparticles (Comparative Study)
Get PDFThe aim of the study is to assess the antibiofilm activity of biosynthesizing gold nanoparticles derived from clove buds extracts against certain oral bacteria to compare between preventive and treatment protocols. The antibiofilm activity was tested using the Microtiter plate method against oral bacteria (Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus mutans and lactobacillus spp.). This study has showed a significant antibiofilm. effect on oral bacteria
The Lethal Toxic Effect of Alcoholic Extract of Punica granatum Plant on Stages of The Southern Cowpea beetle Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera: Bruchidae)
Get PDFThis study was conducted to find out the toxic effect of the southern cowpea weevil Callosobruchus maculatus stages when its food was treated with alcoholic extracts of Punica granatum peels. The study showed that the lowest percentage of hatching was 61.26% in the treatment of chickpea seeds with a concentration of 15% of P. granatum peel extract. The treatments had a clear effect on the harmful larval stage , and the highest significant percentage of death was 81.4% in cowpea seeds treated with a concentration of 25%, and all results were significantly different from the control treatment. the mortality rate significantly increased in the pupa stage, and it increased treatment significantly to 46.66% in the concentration of 25%, compared to the, control which amounted to 0%. To find out the effect of the extracts used in the study on the first generation individuals, the egg retention coefficient was calculated
Real Time Video Streaming Over Homogeneous Systems
Get PDFStreaming videos from one device to another become more important due to the spread of mobile devices and social media applications. The process of sending video from one device to another have a set of challenges. The video must be delivered in time, otherwise the service quality will decrease. Packet drop and lip synchronization is another challenge that streaming video will encounter. Real Time Protocol (RTP) is a simple, lightweight protocol that used to perform video streaming with low burden. RTP uses User Datagram Protocol (UDP) in video transferring. This paper use streaming video through RTP over homogeneous systems and measure the Packet Loss Rate, Jitter, Out-of-Order Packets, Datagram Size, Packet Delivery Ratio, latency, and throughput. Four experiments were performed with (15, 30, 45, 60) seconds to check the effect on the previous measures. The results show that video jitter increases as streaming time increases, it also shows that latency and throughput doesn’t depend on the streaming period
Molecular determination of virulence factors of Mycoplasma cynos isolated from household dogs
Get PDFMycoplasma cynos is a member of the class Mollicutes. It is more pathogenic, more host specific than other canine Mycoplasma, and only associated with respiratory diseases in dogs due to producing many virulence factors, recently neuraminidase and hemagglutinin. The study was done to detect the neuraminidase and hemagglutinin of Mycoplasma cynos isolated from the upper respiratory tract and conjunctival infections in household dogs. Mycoplasma isolates obtained from nasal, oropharyngeal, and conjunctival swabs from household dogs suffering from respiratory diseases in different veterinary clinics in Mosul city. DNA extraction was prepared , PCR and sequencing of 16S rRNA, then Mycoplasma cynos was examined for neuraminidase and hemagglutinin using specific primers.The results showed the identification of Mycoplasma cynos strain "SM-MY-M23" under accession number“OQ446513” in percentage (67.6%), and detection of neuraminidase only. Results obtained are considered the first record of M. cynos and the important virulence factor (Neuraminidase) from household dogs in Iraq
Histomorphometrical and histochemical study of small intestine development in local chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) and duck (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus) embryos
Get PDFThis study demonstrated for the first time the histomorphometry of the small intestine (SI) and distribution of goblet and Paneth cells, collagen, and smooth muscle fibers in (SI) of the local chicken and duck during embryological development using the combined PAS and Alcian blue (pH2.5), Geimsa, and Masson's trichrome stains. One hundred and four fertilized chicken eggs and one hundred and forty fertilized duck eggs were collected from Mosul city. The sample placed in an incubator with automatic movement, ventilation, and humidity was (60%) and the temperature was (37.7 °C) for chicken and (37.5 °C) for duck. The histomorphometry showed significant differences between chicken and duck embryos at the 19th and 21st days of incubation of the villi's length, width, and apparent surface area. As for the epithelium height and the intestinal crypts, there were significant differences between chicken and duck embryos at the 18th and 20th days of incubation in the ileum and jejunum. Furthermore, the mucosa was thicker in chicken embryos in the day of hatching, the submucosa was thicker in ducks during the 18th day of the incubation in the duodenum. During day 15 of the incubation in chicken embryos in the jejunum and ileum, the muscularis layer was thicker in the duodenum and jejunum and less thick in the ileum, and the collagen fibers were less too in the duck embryos at hatching d. The serosa was thicker in the duck embryos. The percentage of the goblet cells was higher with a larger density in duck embryos than chicken at hatching day. Paneth cells were characterized by acidic granular cytoplasm. The achieved outcomes of histomorphometry and the density variances of the glycoprotein secretion are probably linked with numerous definite roles of (SI) parts in the progressions of nutrient absorption
Study the Genetic Variance of Genotypes of Maize (Zea mays L.): ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ( .Zea mays L)
No full text????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????? 2022- 2023 ???????? 10 ?????? ?????? ??? (DR-F-53 ? MA-F-53? H-4 ? DKC-F-59 ? IK-58 ? ZP-595 ? POL-F-6 ? SYM-F-53 ? MY-F-53 ? SYN-F-54 ) ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???? ???????? ? ??? ?????? ???????? ???? 500 ??? ????? ?????? ?????? . ????? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ???????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? (9) ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???? 500 ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ???????? ???? ?????? ???????? .The experiment was conducted in the fields of the College of Agriculture and Forestry University of Mosul for the autumn season 2022-2023, and Ten genotypes were used, namely (DR-F-53, MA-F-53, H-4, DKC-F-59, IK-58, ZP-595, POL-F-6, SYM-F-53, MY-F-53 and SYN-F-54) To study the genetic stability of genotypes of maize according and the experiment was a The Randomized Complete Block Design (R.C.B.D) was used with three replicates and the traits of studied (date of tasseling , date of silking , number of ears per plant , number of grains per ear , weight of 500 grains, single plant production) . The results showed that in terms of genetic, phenotypic and environmental variations, heritability in the broad sense, and the expected genetic improvement as a percentage, it was high for all genotypes and for all traits, and this gives an opportunity for selection for these superior traits
Prevalence of Protozoal Parasites in Fish in Mosul City, Iraq
Get PDFThe current study aimed to determine the prevalence of Cryptosporidium sp, Eimeria sp., Entamoeba spp.and Giardia sp. A total of 200 pieces of five different species of fresh fish were sampled. The study was conducted from August 2023 -February 2024. Microscopic examination was done by stomach and intestine direct smears stained Lugal iodine and floatation technique. Results showed that fish were infected with Cryptosporidium sp. 26.5%, Eimeria spp. 26.5%, Entamoeba spp. 1 % and Giardia sp. 3.5% . with no significant differences between them. As for months of the study, there were no significant infection rates where the rates ranged between 34.28% and 14.28% at p ? 0.05. Microscopically, Cryptosporidium oocysts were spheroidal to ovoidal , 4.6 - 5.5 X 3.8 - 4.7µm while Eimeria oocysts were spherical to ovoid, 12-19 µm. The cysts of Entamoeba were spherical, 10 to 18 µm. while Giardia cysts were oval with four nuclei, 8-12 ?m in size. Intestinal protozoa recorded in fish species in the current study may be due to age factor and water contamination