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Use of Azolla in the Presence of Fiber-Degrading Enzyme Additives and its Effect onthe Productive Performance in Broiler
Get PDF?????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????. ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ??? ?????????? ????????????. ??? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ?????? ????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???????? ???? ????? ??? ???????? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ???????. ?????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ???????. ??????? ??? ???????? ?????? ?? ???????? ??? ????????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ????????? ??????? (???? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ???????? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????). ). ??? ???? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ???????? ???? ???????? ???? ?????? ???? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ????????? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???????.In this study, we used unsexed broiler chicks of the hybrid (Ross 308), raised in animal production fields/College of Agriculture and Forestry for the period from 7/2/2024 to 19/ 3 /2024. The chicks were subjected to the treatments under study from the first day of the experiment. The experiment included five treatments: T1 : Standard ration (without Azolla and enzyme ).T2: ration contained Azolla 7% and without enzyme .T3: ration contained Azolla 7% + 0.30% enzyme.T4: ration contained Azolla 7% + 0.35% enzyme.T5: ration contained Azolla 7% + 0.40% enzyme. Measurements of production characteristics were taken weekly and statistical analysis shows that there was a significant increase in live body weight, weight gain, an improvement in feed conversion ratio, a decrease in the feed consumed In enzyme addition transactions, and no significant effect of the treatments in the relative growth rate.
This study aimed to prepare a feeder containing Azolla with the addition of enzymes as a technical management method that contributes to increasing the decomposition of fibers to increase the rate of utilization as a non-traditional protein source for locally available fodde
Effect of Urea on Food Compound Digestion Coefficient, Properties of Rumen Fluid and Some Biochemical of Blood in Awassi Lambs
Get PDF\This study was conducted in the sheep field of the Agricultural Technical College in Mosul to find out the effect of adding Urea to the concentrated diet with four levels (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0)% on the digestibility coefficient of food compounds characteristics of rumen fluid, weights of lambs and some blood characteristics. Four Awassi lambs with an average weight of 33 kg, an average age 4-6 months were used in the experiment. The experiment was carried out using (4x4) Latin Square Design in four periods of 20 days each.
The results showed significant differences in the digestibility coefficient of dry matter, protein and fiber, while no significant differences appeared in the digestibility coefficient of organic matter and ether extract. The results also showed that there were no significant differences in pH, ammonia Concentration and numbers of protozoa in rumen fluid before feeding, while significant differences appeared in pit, ammonia concentration and protozoa numbers in the rumen fluid after feeding, also in the preparation of bacteria before and after feeding. There were also significant differences in the average final weight (Kg), total weight gain (kg) and daily. weight gain (gm). In blood characteristics, no significant differences appeared in the Concentration of total protein, albumin, globulin, creatinine, cholesterol and triglycerides, while significant differences appeared in the concentration of urea and enzymes ALT and AST
Qualitative characteristics, chemical composition and determination of apparent amylose content for some Iraqi local rice varieties
Get PDFThe aim of this study was to explore the qualitative qualities and determine the nutrient content (moisture, fat, protein, fiber, ash, carbohydrates, dietary energy) as well as to determine the apparent amylose content of both yasmin and sadri varieties. The study was conducted at the University of Mosul in the laboratories of the College of Agriculture and Forestry on 1/2/2024.The physical characteristics of the specific weight, length and thickness of rice grains and the weight of one thousand grains were measured, as well as the chemical composition and the percentage of amylose and amylopectin in starch The results indicated that the specific weight of the yasmin rice variety obtained the lowest value of 78.08 kg / hectoliter, while the sadri variety obtained the highest value recorded 80.14 kg / hectoliter As for the length of rice grains, the lowest average length was recorded for the yasmin rice variety 5.16 mm, while the highest average grain length was recorded for theRice sadri 6.33 mm.As for the thickness of rice grains, the lowest thickness of the rice variety was recorded 1.75 mm, while the highest thickness of the rice variety was recorded Yasmine 2.06 mm. As for the weight of one thousand grains, the lowest weight was recorded at 14.88 g for the yasmin rice variety, while the highest weight was recorded at 17.88 g for the Sadri rice variety.As for the chemical composition, the results indicated that the lowest moisture content was recorded for the yasmin rice variety, which amounted to 10.644%, while the highest percentage of moisture content was recorded for the rice variety Sadri 11.568%. In terms of fat content, the lowest percentage was recorded for the yasmin rice variety, which amounted to 0.875%, while the highest percentage was recorded for the rice variety Sadri 1.106%. As for the protein content, the Yasmine variety got the lowest percentage of 7.937%, while the Sadri variety got the highest percentage of 8.275%.In terms of fiber content, the lowest percentage of rice was recorded for the Sadri rice variety with an average of 0.171%, while the highest percentage of fiber content was recorded for the Yasmine rice variety, which amounted to 0.224%.In terms of ash content, the lowest percentage was recorded for the Sadri rice variety, which is 0.309%, while the highest percentage of ash content was recorded in the Yasmine rice variety, which is 0.455%. As for the carbohydrate content of the two types of rice, the lowest value was recorded for the rice variety Sadri, which amounted to 78.571%, and the highest value for the rice variety Yasmine 79.865%. In terms of food energy, the lowest value of rice was recorded for breast, which is 357.34 calories / 100 g, while the highest value of energy was recorded for the yasmin rice variety, which amounted to 359.09 calories / 100 g.The results of the amylose content indicated that the Sadri variety obtained the lowest value of 17.09%, while the highest value was recorded for the yasmin rice variety, which is 22.54%. As for the content of amylopectin, the lowest value was recorded for the yasmin rice variety, which is 77.46%, and the highest percentage for the rice variety is 82.96%
The Role of Geographic Information Systems in Enhancing Agricultural Planning and Mechanization in Climatically Diverse Areas: An Analytical Study in Nineveh
No full text???? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ????????? ????????? (GIS) ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ????? ?? ??????. ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ? ???????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ???????? ??????????? ????????? ???????. ???? ??????? ?? ???????? ????? ??? ????????? ????????? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ???????. ????? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ????????? ????????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????????. ????? ????????????? ???????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???????? ????????. ????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????.This study explored the role of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in enhancing agricultural planning and supporting mechanization-related decision-making in Al-Qosh and Hammam Al-Alil subdistricts, Nineveh Governorate, Iraq. A spatial-descriptive analytical approach was employed, utilizing satellite imagery and agricultural district index maps to assess land suitability based on topographic, climatic, and soil criteria. Results revealed significant variations between the two subdistricts in rainfall, district size, and land slope, necessitating tailored mechanization models suited to local conditions. The study highlighted the importance of integrating GIS with precision agriculture systems to optimize machinery allocation and increase productivity. Proposed strategies included better utilization of water resources through water harvesting projects and improving rural road infrastructure to facilitate machinery movement and agricultural services. This research contributes to sustainable agricultural mechanization policies grounded in precise spatial analysis, supporting food security and advancing the agricultural sector in diverse climatic contexts
Optimizing AI for White Blood Cell Analysis: A Multi-Objective Neural Architecture Search Approach
Get PDFWhite Blood Cells (WBC) contain vital elements for identifying several health complications such as infections, immunity problems and even cancer. Most of the existing traditional Artificial Intelligence (AI) architectures for WBC detection and classification problems rely mainly on model accuracy, while other important aspects such as model size, time for inference, and energy consumption are critical in restricted use cases like mobile devices and edge computing platforms. To this end, this paper proposes a new framework called Multi-Objective Neural Architecture Search (MO-NAS) that aims to search for architectures that optimize for multiple objectives at once – accuracy, model size, inference time, and energy consumption. The performance of the proposed MO-NAS framework was tested using 8,500 AI images acquired from Hiwa Hospital with an overall classification accuracy of 96.4% within five WBC subtypes. Thereby also, the model achieved a faster inference time of 145ms per image, a smaller model size of 32.4 MB from 45MB, and a 25% energy advantage. It provides a path to scientific, high-quality AI models in WBC diagnostics and other medical imaging applications, towards improving individualized medicine and real-time clinical usage
Simulation and Analysis of PMSM Speed Control Employing a Hybrid ANN-PID Approach
Get PDFThis paper presents a simulation study and performance evaluation of a speed control system for a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) using a hybrid Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller. The proposed hybrid ANN-PID controller in this paper is intended to provide enhanced dynamic response, reduce steady-state error, and increase disturbance rejection under changing load conditions. The control system designed is simulated and tested in the MATLAB/Simulink environment, comparing and contrasting the motor speed tracking performance, torque response, and current dynamics. Simulation results confirm that the hybrid controller performs better than the conventional PID controller in terms of speed regulation precision, response speed, and mechanical load disturbances tolerance. The study suggests that the combination of ANN and PID control is a very good approach to PMSM speed regulation, which proves to be reliable and effective for engineering practice
Detection of Gastrointestinal Worm Infection in Small Ruminants in Ogbomoso, Nigeria
Get PDFThis cross-sectional study examined the prevalence and risk factors associated with gastrointestinal worm infections in sheep and goats in Ogbomoso, Nigeria. A total of 280 faecal samples were collected using a simple random sampling technique from 140 sheep and 140 goats. The samples were examined using simple floatation and formalin-ethyl acetate concentration techniques. The overall infection rate was 81.79%, with rates of 82.14% in sheep and 81.43% in goats. All three helminth classes were detected in both sheep and goats. A total of 11 helminth species were identified in sheep, mainly nematodes, with Haemonchus spp. (72.14%) being the most prevalent, and Paramphistomum spp. (0.71%) being the least prevalent. Thirteen helminths were identified in goats, where Haemonchus spp. (71.43%) had the highest occurrence, while Cooperia, Marshallagia, and Trichuris spp. (0.71%) had the lowest. Infection rates were not significantly influenced by sex, age, or breed (p > 0.05). This study confirms a high prevalence of a diverse range of gastrointestinal worms in sheep and goats in Ogbomoso, Nigeria
Aerodynamic Forces Numerical Estimation for Cross Flow Over Three Circular Cylinder Inline Arrangement
Get PDFA two-dimensional numerical simulation was performed using the program (Ansys-Fluent 22.1), for air flow around three circular cylinders to get the knowledge of the characteristics of aerodynamic forces (drag & lift) where they are arranged in tandem at various ratios of spacing (L/D =1, 1.2, 1.5, 2, 3, 45) for constant Reynolds number (Re =1171). This study was done using the turbulence model (k-? SST). The findings demonstrated that there is vortex simple shedding when spacing ratios where (L/D=1, 1.2, 1.5), vortex shedding begins when spacing ratios (L/D=2, 3), while when spacing ratio (L/D=45) the cylinders behave as if they were a single and independent cylinder because of the big distance of the cylinders from each other. Also, the pressure coefficient values for the first cylinder are greater than the pressure coefficient values for the second and third ones, the drag coefficient values for the first cylinder are positive and greater than the drag coefficient values for the second and third cylinders in all the study cases, the pressure fluctuations and the vortex shedding affecting the lift coefficient values so it oscillates between positive and negative and are close to be zero
A Review of Spur Gear Fault Diagnosis: Monitoring Methods, Predictive Models, and Industrial Challenges
Get PDFSpur gears made from metal serve as central equipment in multiple mechanical configurations. They experience various defects like fatigue cracks, abrasion, and adhesion wear, pitting and scuffing. This review delivers a detailed analysis and performance review of research material from recent studies regarding spur gear failure modes, together with monitoring techniques and predictive models. Where detailed analysis through real-world examinations is conducted, wind energy applications are combined with automotive and manufacturing sector work environments to evaluate diagnostic system performance in practice. In this paper, both benefits and drawbacks across time-domain, frequency-domain, and time-frequency domain techniques are analyzed. This includes Fast Fourier Transform, empirical mode decomposition, wavelet transform, and Hilbert-Huang transform, as well as contemporary developments in machine learning diagnostic systems. The research sector identifies three main missing elements: limited availability of fault-labeled data, difficulties in maintaining operational condition generalization, and real-time system implementation. Future work and industrial use of spur gear fault diagnosis solutions need guidance to develop robust interpretive fault detection systems at a large operational scale
Effect of The Surface Pits on The Performance of a Double-Tube Heat Exchanger
Get PDFHeat exchangers are widely used to transfer heat between different fluids in various applications such as cooling systems, heating, and thermal industries. To improve the performance of these exchangers, several methods were used, including adding protrusions or indentations on the surface tube walls to increase fluid turbulence and enhance heat transfer. In this research, the effect of pits on the outer surface of the inner tube, with circular and square shapes arranged in linear and staggered patterns, on the performance of a double-tube heat exchanger with counterflow was studied. The flow of hot water inside the tube was fixed at 3.5 liters/minute at an inlet temperature of 50°C, while the flow of cold water was varied between 4.5 and 7.5 liters/minute at an inlet temperature of 22°C. The results showed that the presence of pits significantly improved thermal performance compared to the smooth tube. The improvement achieved in average Nusselt number is 24% for linear circular pits compared to the smooth tube, while it reached 31% for staggered circular pits. In case of square pits, the improvement achieved in average Nusselt number was 22%for linear arrangement, while it reached 30%for staggered arrangement. These results confirm that the use of pits, especially in a staggered arrangement, is an effective method for improving the performance of heat exchangers.