Studia Azjatystyczne
Not a member yet
41 research outputs found
Sort by
Między islamizacją a okcydentalizacją. Wpływ procesów globalizacyjnych na strukturę etniczno kulturową krajów regionu Zatoki Perskiej
No full textThe countries situated on the west coast of the Persian Gulf base their economies on the export of oil, which inevitably opened them up to processes inherent in global relations. This led the Arab states of the Persian Gulf in the last 30 years of the 20th century to enrichment and increased their economic significance. Over time, growing fluctuations in oil prices enforced not only a process of diversification into their economic model through an extension of the service sector, but also brought in a work force from other countries. This changed ethnic relations in the region. New inhabitants, who are mainly from western countries, have brought with them not only their cultural values, but their education system as well. Gulf Cooperation Council countries have recognized mass immigration as temporary phenomenon. They have plans to educate the local work force and end migration, based on the experience of outside models. These plans have gone wrong owing to cultural limitations. Modern education has had an influence on the attitudes and expectations of the local youth, pushing them in the direction of westernisation. In response to this process, its opponents have supported Islamic projects. Persian Gulf countries have modernised their economies, but at the cost of globalization and the disintegration of the local society. The positive aspect of this process, which can be a good example for other countries in the Middle East, has been the creation of the nation.The countries situated on the west coast of the Persian Gulf base their economies on the export of oil, which inevitably opened them up to processes inherent in global relations. This led the Arab states of the Persian Gulf in the last 30 years of the 20th century to enrichment and increased their economic significance. Over time, growing fluctuations in oil prices enforced not only a process of diversification into their economic model through an extension of the service sector, but also brought in a work force from other countries. This changed ethnic relations in the region. New inhabitants, who are mainly from western countries, have brought with them not only their cultural values, but their education system as well. Gulf Cooperation Council countries have recognized mass immigration as temporary phenomenon. They have plans to educate the local work force and end migration, based on the experience of outside models. These plans have gone wrong owing to cultural limitations. Modern education has had an influence on the attitudes and expectations of the local youth, pushing them in the direction of westernisation. In response to this process, its opponents have supported Islamic projects. Persian Gulf countries have modernised their economies, but at the cost of globalization and the disintegration of the local society. The positive aspect of this process, which can be a good example for other countries in the Middle East, has been the creation of the nation
Recenzja: Ikram Masmoudi. 2015. War and Occupation in Iraqi Fiction. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 248 stron.
No full textBanalność zła na jerozolimskiej scenie. Proces Adolfa Eichmanna jako spektakl
No full textThe article is a reflection on the topic of connection between a legal procedure and a performance and its role during the trial of Adolf Eichmann. After almost two decades of intentional silence surrounding the subject of the Holocaust survivors in the official Israeli discourse, during the trial of Adolf Eichmann, which took place in Jerusalem in 1961, for the first time the victims where given an opportunity to speak about their experiences to the public, wheras the Israeli society of early sixties, for the first time faced these stories. In the paper the author argues that the trial of Adolf Eichmann was not only a legal procedure, but also – in the light of strategies determining its final shape – a performance that was supposed to construct a new perspecitve of Holocaust narratives in Israel of early sixties.The article is a reflection on the topic of connection between a legal procedure and a performance and its role during the trial of Adolf Eichmann. After almost two decades of intentional silence surrounding the subject of the Holocaust survivors in the official Israeli discourse, during the trial of Adolf Eichmann, which took place in Jerusalem in 1961, for the first time the victims where given an opportunity to speak about their experiences to the public, wheras the Israeli society of early sixties, for the first time faced these stories. In the paper the author argues that the trial of Adolf Eichmann was not only a legal procedure, but also – in the light of strategies determining its final shape – a performance that was supposed to construct a new perspecitve of Holocaust narratives in Israel of early sixties
Recenzja: Heather Inwood. 2014. Verse Going Viral: China’s New Media Scenes. Seattle and London: University of Washington Press, 274 strony.
No full textZakres sztuk wizualnych w Indiach klasycznych
No full textThe objective of this paper is to identify and define the main differences in modern Western and Classical Indian approaches to the theory of art, and by extension to the work of art itself. It is important in research on the history of art to avoid a cultural bias resulting from different theoretical approaches towards art and the basis of visual culture. Three main areas are examined: the classification of art or art disciplines, the theory of the senses and strategies in the perception of art. The first part analyses concerns about the origin of art, its boundaries and inner divisions. This serves top identify the scope of the Field of Art, connections between disciplines (theatre, music, painting, sculpture, etc.), and their position in the Art World. The following Sanskrit treatises serve as a basis: Nāṭya-śāstra, Kāma-sūtra, Viṣṇu-dharmôttara-purāṇa. A significant distinction can be found in the theory of the senses. Based on Saṃyutta Nikāya, Nyāya-sūtra, Vaiśeṣika- sūtra, etc. classical concepts of sensual perception and their roles are examined, with special emphasis on the position of the mind (manas) as a sixth sense or inner organ linked to senses. With that background, a brief analysis of the theory of taste (rasa), including the roles of emotion (bhāva) and mind (manas), is presented.The objective of this paper is to identify and define the main differences in modern Western and Classical Indian approaches to the theory of art, and by extension to the work of art itself. It is important in research on the history of art to avoid a cultural bias resulting from different theoretical approaches towards art and the basis of visual culture. Three main areas are examined: the classification of art or art disciplines, the theory of the senses and strategies in the perception of art. The first part analyses concerns about the origin of art, its boundaries and inner divisions. This serves top identify the scope of the Field of Art, connections between disciplines (theatre, music, painting, sculpture, etc.), and their position in the Art World. The following Sanskrit treatises serve as a basis: Nāṭya-śāstra, Kāma-sūtra, Viṣṇu-dharmôttara-purāṇa. A significant distinction can be found in the theory of the senses. Based on Saṃyutta Nikāya, Nyāya-sūtra, Vaiśeṣika- sūtra, etc. classical concepts of sensual perception and their roles are examined, with special emphasis on the position of the mind (manas) as a sixth sense or inner organ linked to senses. With that background, a brief analysis of the theory of taste (rasa), including the roles of emotion (bhāva) and mind (manas), is presented
Diaspora chińska oraz jej wpływ na społeczeństwo i gospodarkę na przykładzie Malezji i Singapuru
No full textThe purpose of this article is to present the Chinese diaspora in two Southeast Asian countries, Malaysia and Singapore, and the influence of this group on the society and economy of these countries. Chinese people, who left the country, for instance, for political or remuneration reasons and settled in Southeast Asia, have a significant impact on the region. The influence of this group on countries like Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand and Indonesia, where it has been present for centuries, is substantial. The attitudes of the Islamic Malaysian and secular Singapore governments to overseas Chinese is completely different. In spite of many political, social and economic difficulties, the Chinese diaspora has been able to preserve its culture, language and tradition, and has achieved significant economic success. This economic success has been often associated with aversion to the local community. In modern Southeast Asian history, there are the examples of social tensions that have been turn into anti-Chinese riots. Nevertheless, the Chinese diaspora has contributed actively to the economic development of Malaysia, as well as the economic and political development of Singapore, basically during one generation, on a significant scale.The purpose of this article is to present the Chinese diaspora in two Southeast Asian countries, Malaysia and Singapore, and the influence of this group on the society and economy of these countries. Chinese people, who left the country, for instance, for political or remuneration reasons and settled in Southeast Asia, have a significant impact on the region. The influence of this group on countries like Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand and Indonesia, where it has been present for centuries, is substantial. The attitudes of the Islamic Malaysian and secular Singapore governments to overseas Chinese is completely different. In spite of many political, social and economic difficulties, the Chinese diaspora has been able to preserve its culture, language and tradition, and has achieved significant economic success. This economic success has been often associated with aversion to the local community. In modern Southeast Asian history, there are the examples of social tensions that have been turn into anti-Chinese riots. Nevertheless, the Chinese diaspora has contributed actively to the economic development of Malaysia, as well as the economic and political development of Singapore, basically during one generation, on a significant scale
Lew i smok. Zderzenie dwóch koncepcji stosunków międzynarodowych na przykładzie brytyjskiej misji lorda Macartneya do Chin w latach 1793-1794
No full textThis paper discusses different conceptions of international relations (Westphalian sovereignty and China’s model based on a tributary system and the central place of the imperial court in Beijing) in the context of the British expedition to China in 1793-1794. There is perhaps no more striking case of a clash between Britain and China. This confrontation was a part of the colonial period. The British mission undertook the task of commencing trade cooperation with the Chinese and establishing a permanent embassy in Beijing. The embassy was ultimately not successful. After the conclusion of the embassy, Qianlong sent a letter to King George III, explaining in greater depth the reasons of his refusal to grant the requests of the embassy.This paper shows that the only way to success was mutual understanding. The failure to obtain trade concessions was caused not only by Macartney’s refusal to kowtow in the presence of the Qianlong Emperor, as is commonly believed. It was a result of competing world views that were mutually incomprehensible and incompatible. China had a totally different perspective on their role in the world. As ruler of the “Middle Kingdom”, the Emperor of China received a Mandate from Heaven, and was nominally ruler of the entire world. China had a privileged status in the world and others could be beneficiaries of Chinese culture only on condition that they admitted this particular role. A lack of understanding of the cultural context of Chinese international relations caused the failure of the embassy.This paper discusses different conceptions of international relations (Westphalian sovereignty and China’s model based on a tributary system and the central place of the imperial court in Beijing) in the context of the British expedition to China in 1793-1794. There is perhaps no more striking case of a clash between Britain and China. This confrontation was a part of the colonial period. The British mission undertook the task of commencing trade cooperation with the Chinese and establishing a permanent embassy in Beijing. The embassy was ultimately not successful. After the conclusion of the embassy, Qianlong sent a letter to King George III, explaining in greater depth the reasons of his refusal to grant the requests of the embassy.This paper shows that the only way to success was mutual understanding. The failure to obtain trade concessions was caused not only by Macartney’s refusal to kowtow in the presence of the Qianlong Emperor, as is commonly believed. It was a result of competing world views that were mutually incomprehensible and incompatible. China had a totally different perspective on their role in the world. As ruler of the “Middle Kingdom”, the Emperor of China received a Mandate from Heaven, and was nominally ruler of the entire world. China had a privileged status in the world and others could be beneficiaries of Chinese culture only on condition that they admitted this particular role. A lack of understanding of the cultural context of Chinese international relations caused the failure of the embassy
Da Qin i Seres – zarys kontaktów Imperium Rzymskiego i cywilizacji chińskiej
No full textThe relationships between the Roman Empire and the Chinese Empire existed, although different sources seem to indicate that they had only an indirect nature. They took place both by land and by sea. These contacts began around the turn of the era and continued until the end of European antiquity. They were then continued by Byzantium. Although these relationships were intermediate, both the Chinese and the Romans knew about each other. However, this knowledge was very unclear, and overshadowed by mythic imagination. However, there is evidence that both empires tried to get closer, but this never occurred. This does not change the fact that Chinese silk reached the Roman Empire, and Roman products like coins and glass cups were imported into the Middle Kingdom.The relationships between the Roman Empire and the Chinese Empire existed, although different sources seem to indicate that they had only an indirect nature. They took place both by land and by sea. These contacts began around the turn of the era and continued until the end of European antiquity. They were then continued by Byzantium. Although these relationships were intermediate, both the Chinese and the Romans knew about each other. However, this knowledge was very unclear, and overshadowed by mythic imagination. However, there is evidence that both empires tried to get closer, but this never occurred. This does not change the fact that Chinese silk reached the Roman Empire, and Roman products like coins and glass cups were imported into the Middle Kingdom
Miasto podzielone, miasto uwikłane. Literackie portrety Jerozolimy w twórczości izraelskiego poety Jehudy Amichaja
No full textYehuda Amichai (1924-2000), one of the greatest contemporary Israeli poets, lived and worked in Jerusalem for decades. In his works, he presents the image of Jerusalem as a city with a long and complicated history, a matter of dispute and a unique place on the map of the world. With remarkable skill he paints portraits of the holy city of three religions, an important center for many cultures, and a place of residence of several communities. From each of these perspectives (religious, political and social), Jerusalem in Amichai’s texts appears as a diversified city entangled in antagonisms.This article is intended to present selected fragments of the poet’s texts describing these urban confrontations from the perspective of an individual – a sensitive and a concerned resident of Jerusalem. Then texts quoted show that Amichai sees his city as a microcosm in which mutual relations and tensions lose their merely local significance and gain a universal human meaning. Scenes from everyday life become symbolic and acquire universal sense. History, an integral part of the Jerusalem landscape, involves the residents and affects their perception of the world.Yehuda Amichai (1924-2000), one of the greatest contemporary Israeli poets, lived and worked in Jerusalem for decades. In his works, he presents the image of Jerusalem as a city with a long and complicated history, a matter of dispute and a unique place on the map of the world. With remarkable skill he paints portraits of the holy city of three religions, an important center for many cultures, and a place of residence of several communities. From each of these perspectives (religious, political and social), Jerusalem in Amichai’s texts appears as a diversified city entangled in antagonisms. This article is intended to present selected fragments of the poet’s texts describing these urban confrontations from the perspective of an individual – a sensitive and a concerned resident of Jerusalem. Then texts quoted show that Amichai sees his city as a microcosm in which mutual relations and tensions lose their merely local significance and gain a universal human meaning. Scenes from everyday life become symbolic and acquire universal sense. History, an integral part of the Jerusalem landscape, involves the residents and affects their perception of the world.
Rola koczowników Wielkiego Stepu w transferze idei pomiędzy Europą a Dalekim Wschodem
Full text linkThis paper discusses the role of nomads in transfer of ideas between Western Eurasia and the Far East (understood as China and the Korean Peninsula). An ongoing contact between European and Central Asian cultures, constantly influenced by Chinese people, had started in the early Bronze Age and has continued until the Middle Ages, when the military power of Asiatic nomads decreased. This influence concerned not only inventions but also horse breeding, new vocabulary and cuisine. The majority of ideas spread only in one direction, from the Far East to Europe. The most famous of them were different types of weapon, such as a sword with annular pommel introduced in the Roman period or powder known from the 13th century, but also horse tack (for example stirrups) and dumplings. The influence of European culture on Asia is less visible, but it included chariots and probably the bronze treatment