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Une nouvelle espèce particulière pour le genre Burmesescorpiops Lourenço, 2016 de l’ambre Crétacé du Myanmar (Scorpiones : Palaeoeuscorpiidae : Archaeoscorpiopinae)
No full textInternational audienceIn this contribution a third new species of the rare genus Burmesescorpiops Lourenço, 2016 is described. The discovery of this new element belonging to the family Palaeoeuscorpiidae Lourenço, 2003 and to the subfamily Archaeoscorpiopinae Lourenço, 2015 brings further elements to support the validity of the genus Burmesescorpiops. This generic group remains however, poorly speciose. The remarkable degree of diversity in the Burmese amber-producing forests is once again highlighted.Dans la présente contribution une troisième nouvelle espèce du rare genre Burmesescorpiops Lourenço, 2016 est décrite. La découverte de ce nouvel élément appartenant à la famille des Palaeoeuscorpiidae Lourenço, 2003 et à la sous-famille des Archaeoscorpiopinae Lourenço, 2015 apporte de nouveaux éléments confortant la validité du genre Burmesescorpiops. Ce groupe générique demeure cependant peu riche en espèces. La remarquable diversité des forêts productrices d’ambre Crétacé du Myanmar est une fois de plus mise en évidence
Integrating phylogeographic and phenotypic evidence to delimit deep evolutionary lineages in the Dryophytes japonicus species complex, with an assessment of their conservation needs
No full textInternational audienceProper taxonomic and phylogeographic frameworks are a prerequisite in evolutionary, ecological, and conservation research, but many species still lack adequate assessments. Earlier studies on the northeast Asian treefrog, Dryophytes japonicus , identified a deep Mio-Pliocene diversification; however, phenotypic assessments were lacking, and the taxonomic identity of the identified clades is under debate. In this study, we assessed the genetic, genomic, morphological, and acoustic diversity and differentiation within the D. japonicus complex to propose taxonomic arrangements and assess taxon-specific threats for each defined clade. Analyses of four mtDNA genes and 42.8 kb nuclear loci obtained by RAD-sequencing (RAD-seq) confirmed two distinct species-level clades that diverged ~6 Mya, one provisionally assigned to D. japonicus in southern Japan and mainland Asia and the other unnamed (D. cf. japonicus) in northern Japan and adjacent Russian islands. According to the mitochondrial data, each species is further divided into two subclades of Pleistocene age that display differences in morphological and call properties that may represent candidate subspecies: D. j. japonicus in southwestern Japan and D. j. stepheni on the Asian mainland and two unnamed lineages in Central and Northern Japan for D. cf. japonicus. Phenotypic differentiation between populations was only partly linked to their phylogenetic relationships. Finally, despite the relatively narrow ranges of many lineages, none crosses the threshold to be currently listed as threatened. The conservation of the diversity of the D. japonicus complex will necessarily require proper population monitoring and additional investigations to evaluate whether the unnamed delimited lineages merit taxonomic descriptions
Une nouvelle espèce du genre Nothochodaeus Nikolajev, 2005 de l’île de Luzon, Philippines (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Ochodaeidae).
No full textInternational audienceNothochodaeus cabrasae Huchet & Mapile, new species, from Luzon Island, Philippines,is described, illustrated and compared with the most morphologically closely related species. A distribution map illustrating the Ochodaeidae species recorded in Luzon is included.Nothochodaeus cabrasae Huchet & Mapile, nouvelle espèce de l'île de Luzon, Philippines, est décrite, illustrée et comparée aux espèces morphologiquement les plus proches. Une carte de distribution illustrant les espèces d'Ochodaeidae présentes à Luzon est incluse
Pêcheurs d’Haïti : une ingéniosité constante face aux contraintes sociales et climatiques
No full texthttps://theconversation.com/pecheurs-dha-ti-une-ingeniosite-constante-face-aux-contraintes-sociales-et-climatiques-249078En Haïti, la pêche représente non seulement une source cruciale de protéines, mais aussi un pilier économique majeur pour les habitants. Elle rassemble également des savoirs transmis précieusement de générations en générations, et une connaissance très fine de l’environnement. Mais aujourd’hui, ces savoir-faire sont mis à mal par les aléas climatiques et les dommages environnementaux que subissent l’île
Identifier l’invisible : préparation des corps, embaumement et inhumation en cercueil en plomb à l’époque moderne. Le cas des comtes de Flers (Normandie, Orne) entre le XVIIe et le XVIIIe siècle
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Seconde note sur l'identité de Carabus (Tribax) rebellis Reitter, 1884, et description d'une nouvelle sous-espèce (Coleoptera, Carabidae)
No full textInternational audienceDescription of a new subspecies from Georgia, Lower Svanetia: Carabus (Tribax) rebellis fominykhi n. subsp. This new taxon is compared with C. (T.) rebellis rebellis Reitter, 1884, and C. (T.) rebellis zubovi Fominykh et al., 2018, whose taxonomic statuses are discussed. The relationships of this group of three taxa with Carabus (T.) compressus Chaudoir, 1846, and C. (T.) rebellis pseudorebellis Deuve, 2024, are briefly considered. It is possible that C. (T.) compressus and C. (T.) rebellis are members of the same polytypic species.Description d’une nouvelle sous-espèce de Géorgie, Basse-Svanétie : Carabus (Tribax) rebellis fominykhi n. subsp. Ce nouveau taxon est comparé à C. (T.) rebellis rebellis Reitter, 1884, et à C. (T.) rebellis zubovi Fominykh et al., 2018, dont les statuts taxinomiques sont discutés. Les relations de cet ensemble de trois taxons avec Carabus (T.) compressus Chaudoir, 1846, et C. (T.) rebellis pseudorebellis Deuve, 2024, sont brièvement évoquées. Il est possible que C. (T.) compressus et C. (T.) rebellis appartiennent à une seule et même espèce polytypique
Association between self-reported and proxy informant Health Quality of life of older adults with the use of antipsychotic drugs in nursing homes. A cross-sectional study
No full textInternational audienceIntroduction Antipsychotic prescriptions are frequent in nursing homes due to the challenging management of symptoms associated with Alzheimer's disease and related neurodegenerative disorders. This study aimed to assess the association between Health-related Quality Of Life (HrQOL) and antipsychotic use in nursing homes. Methods This is a cross-sectional study of the KASEHPAD (Karukera Study of Ageing in Nursing Homes) study conducted in six nursing homes in Guadeloupe and Martinique (French West Indies). The EuroQol 5-dimensional questionnaire (EQ-5D) was used to measure HRQoL. Clinical characteristics and use of antipsychotic drugs of 194 older adults with both self-reported and proxy informant HrQOL index were extracted. Other outcomes measures included the frequency and severity of delusions, hallucinations and agitation using the reduced Neuropsychiatric Inventory Nursing Home (NPI-R) score, Activities of Daily Living (ADL) score and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score. Results The mean age of participants was 81.3 years and 63.6% had major cognitive impairment (MMSE score Despite the adverse effects of long-term use of antipsychotic drugs in older adults, it is associated with better-perceived HrQOL among nursing home residents. However, this association was not observed when HrQOL was assessed by proxy informants. This finding may explain the challenges in reducing the use of this therapeutic class in nursing homes
De l’institutionnalisation à la fictionnalisation du discours d’expertise :une forme d’engagement social de l’expert au sein d’une controverse socio-environnementale ?: Le cas d’une expertise en sciences humaines et sociales sur la gestion du risque d’attaques de requins à La Réunion
No full textBetween 2011 and 2014, the French government and the Reunion Region funded severalresearch programs in different fields as political decision support for managing shark attacksrisk in Reunion Island. Our study proposes to explore the circulation of an expert discourse insocial and humanities, between its institutional and fictional form, by combining contentanalysis of an expert’s report with political destination to a literary analysis of a fiction novelinspired by the research process experienced by the expert. Those analysis have beenassociated to the perception of the engagement of the author-expert at the origin of theseproductions. Our case study focused on the expert’s report "Better Know to Act. Socialapproach to the shark crisis» and the fiction novel «La tête sous l'eau», both written byArnold Jaccoud, psychosociologist and author of novels. The analyses indicate negotiationsbetween the expert and officials relating to the institutional expression of socialinterpretations of risk. However, the use of fiction to describe these negotiation processesquestions the sociological credibility of the related facts described in the novel, according tothe pragmatic constraints of discourse literary that the author circumvents. This questions thescope of the expert's social engagement.Entre 2011 et 2014, les services de l’État et la Région Réunion financent plusieurs expertisesdans différents domaines comme aide à la décision politique pour la gestion du risqued’attaques de requins à La Réunion. Notre étude propose d’explorer la circulation d’undiscours d’expertise en sciences humaines et sociales, entre sa forme institutionnelle etfictionnelle, en combinant l’analyse de contenu d’un rapport à destination politique à celle del’analyse littéraire d’un roman de fiction inspiré du processus d’expertise vécu par l’expert.Celles-ci ont été mises en perspective avec la perception de l’engagement de l’expert-auteur àl’origine de ces productions. Notre étude de cas s’est portée sur le rapport d’expertise« Mieux connaître pour mieux agir. Approche sociale de la crise requin » et le roman defiction « La tête sous l’eau », rédigés par Arnold Jaccoud, psychosociologue et auteur deromans. Les analyses indiquent des négociations entre l’expert et les agents des services del’État dans l’expression institutionnelle des interprétations sociales du risque. Le recours à lafiction par l’expert pour décrire ces processus de négociations interroge cependant lacrédibilité sociologique des faits relatés dans son roman, au prisme du contournement descontraintes pragmatiques du discours littéraires que fait l’auteur. Ceci remet alors enquestion la portée de l’engagement social de l’expert
Together throughout the year: seasonal patterns of bacterial and eukaryotic microbial communities in a macrotidal estuary
No full textInternational audienceBackground: Estuaries are complex ecosystems linking river and marine environments, where microorganisms play a key role in maintaining ecosystem functions. In the present study, we investigated monthly 8 sites at two depth layers and over a one-year period the bacterial and eukaryotic community dynamics along the Seine macrotidal estuary (Normandy, France). To date, the taxonomy of the microbial diversity present in this anthropized estuary remains elusive and the drivers of the microbial community structure are still unknown.Results: The metabarcoding analysis of 147 samples revealed both a high bacterial and eukaryotic diversity, dominated by Proteobacteria, Bacteriodota, Actinobacteriota and Bacillariophyta, Spirotrichea, Dinophyceae, respectively. Along the estuary we only detected significant spatial patterns in the bacterial and eukaryotic community compositions for three and two months out of twelve, respectively. However, we found a clear seasonal effect on the diversity of both microbial communities driven by physical and chemical variables that were fluctuating over the year (temperature, irradiance, river flow). Biotic associations were also significant drivers of both alpha and beta diversity. Throughout the year, we identified a diverse and abundant core microbiota composed of 74 bacterial and 41 eukaryotic OTUs. These regionally abundant species include habitat generalists encompassing heterotrophs, phototrophs and consumers. Yet, many of these core OTUs remain taxonomically and functionally poorly assigned.Conclusions: This molecular survey represents a milestone in the understanding of macrotidal estuary dynamics and the Seine ecosystem, through the identification of putative markers of ecosystem functioning. It also identifies seasons and biotic associations as main drivers of the Seine estuary microbiota and reveals the importance of a core microbiota throughout the yea
Optimizing multi-drug strategies to prevent antimicrobial quantitative resistance: A nested within-and between-host model
No full textAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a critical global challenge driven by the evolution of bacterial populations that reduce the effectiveness of treatments. This study aims to design an optimal antimicrobial deployment strategy that minimizes both the epidemic size (epidemiological perspective) and the risk of therapeutic failure in the community (evolutionary perspective), particularly in multi-drug treatment settings. Key factors considered include compliance with recommended guidelines, infection duration, treatment initiation delay, and the effectiveness of different drugs. We evaluate the impact of introducing a new antimicrobial, conduct a sensitivity analysis of model parameters on the basic reproduction number and therapeutic failure probability, and explore outcomes of optimal treatment strategies. The approach employs a nested model that explicitly integrates within-host and between-host dynamics. At the within-host scale, the continuous character of AMR is introduced, referred to as quantitative antimicrobial resistance (qAMR). Most models addressing AMR focus on a limited number of resistant strains, often overlooking the potential continuum of resistance, especially as it develops through point mutations. The bacterial dynamics is described by an integro-differential equation, connecting this dynamics to epidemiological parameters such as individual infectiousness, disease-induced mortality, and treatment recovery rates. At the between-host scale, infected individuals are categorized into untreated, treated with compliance to treatment, and treated with non-compliance to treatment. Our results provide insights into AMR dynamics in multi-drug settings, offering a framework for optimizing treatment strategies that balance infection control and resistance prevention. This study contributes to a more effective approach for managing AMR at both individual and population levels.</div