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Une traversée de trois décennies de paradigmes en sciences sociales. Du postmodernisme au tournant matériel : courants et concepts »
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Spatial autocorrelation and host anemone species drive variation in local components of fitness in a wild clownfish population
No full textInternational audienceThe susceptibility of species to habitat changes depends on which ecological drivers shape individual fitness components. To date, only a few studies have quantified fitness components such as the Lifetime Reproductive Success across multiple generations in wild marine species. Because of a long-term sampling effort, such information is available for the population of wild orange clownfish, Amphiprion percula, from Kimbe Island (Papua New Guinea). Previous work on the wild orange clownfish near Kimbe Island suggests that there is little adaptive potential and that variation in LRS is mainly driven by a breeder’s habitat. Whether the host anemone species, geographic location, density or depth contributed to LRS remains however unknown because they were combined into a unique variable. We tested whether it is the ecology or the spatial distribution of clownfish that shaped the individual variation of a local fitness component, which would affect the population self-recruitment process and ultimately the maintenance of this wild population. Our spatially explicit analysis disentangled the role of these factors. We found that the host anemone species had an impact on wild clownfish LRS independently from their spatial distribution. The spatial distribution nevertheless had an impact on its own, as reflected by the spatial autocorrelation of LRS. Depth and density of anemones did not show a significant impact. Our findings imply that this clownfish population is susceptible to modifications of the spatial distribution and local assembly of anemone specie
Multidimensional Balanced Error Sampling: With First Order LAGRANGE Interpolation
No full textInternational audienceCet ouvrage écrit en anglais présente les concepts fondamentaux multidimensionnels, les théorèmes et les méthodes pour l'échantillonnage pratique de l'environnement en fonction de diverses contraintes (taille de l'échantillon, nombre d'échantillons, etc.) et de la variabilité attendue de la propriété étudiée. En adoptant une approche mathématique rigoureuse de l'échantillonnage multidimensionnel, il éclaire ce qui était souvent fait intuitivement jusqu'à présent. Il offre un nouveau mode de conception de l'échantillonnage pour toutes sortes d'études et en particulier pour les études environnementale
Survival in a Contemporary, Real-World Cohort of Patients with Mixed-Phenotype Transthyretin Amyloid Cardiomyopathy Treated with Tafamidis: An Analysis from THAOS
No full textInternational audienceTafamidis is approved to treat transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy (ATTR-CM). Many patients with ATTR-CM present with a mixed phenotype of both cardiac and neurologic symptoms, but real-world effectiveness studies of tafamidis in this population are lacking. This study assessed survival and other outcomes in a real-world, contemporary cohort of tafamidis-treated and untreated patients with mixed-phenotype ATTR-CM.ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT00628745
Real-World Data from the First Intracranial Aneurysm Cohort in the Eastern Caribbean from 2021 to 2024: The Population Characteristics, Treatment Outcomes, and Effectiveness of the Newly Established Regional Organization with Air Transfer to the First Tertiary Neurointerventional Center in the Eastern Caribbean
No full textInternational audienceBackground/Objectives: The establishment of the first tertiary Neurointerventional Center at the University Hospital of Martinique in 2021, with full coverage of the populations of the French Antilles and Guyana, represents a paradigm shift in the treatment of intracranial aneurysms in the eastern Caribbean. We sought to evaluate the outcomes of the first cohort of patients treated for intracranial aneurysms from 2021 to 2024. Methods: We analyzed demographic, clinical, and angiographic data from a prospectively maintained database of patients treated from 1 January 2021 to 31 March 2024. The primary endpoint was the clinical outcome (mRS at discharge and at 4–6 months), and the secondary endpoint was the angiographic outcomes. Results: One hundred patients (mean age 56.7 ± 12.2 years old) with a total of 125 aneurysms (60.8% ruptured; 39.2% unruptured) were included from the following regions: 60% from Martinique, 21% from Guadeloupe, 13% from French Guyana, 1% from mainland France, 2% from St Martin, and 3% from abroad. The mean initial GCS value was 11.6 (median: 13; min: 4; max: 15); the mean mRS was 1.8 ± 1.7 before intervention, 1.8 ± 2 at discharge, and 1.7 ± 2 at 4–6 months. A total of 75% of the aneurysms were treated with coiling or remodeling, 23% received stents (20% FDs), and 0.8% were treated surgically. The procedure-related morbidity rate was 5.6% (7/125), and the mortality rate was 10.4%; both these percentages concerned only the ruptured cases. In the ruptured aneurysm subgroup, 32.8% (25/76) of complications were SAH-related, 9.2% (7/76) were hydrocephalus incidences, and 23.6% (18/76) were vasospasm cases. Satisfactory occlusion was obtained for 95.2% of the aneurysms post-procedure and for 96.7% at the last angiographic control. At the six-month control, 68% of the patients were independent in their everyday lives (mRS ≤ 2). Conclusions: The population was distinct in terms of the hyperexpression of risk factors, the multiplicity of IAs, and the severity of SAH. Female predominance was higher than usual in the population (81%). The organizational schema seemed effective; the treatments were safe and effective in terms of the clinical and angiographic outcomes
Lifetime clinical presentation of Still's disease in the Afro-descendant population of the French West Indies
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Plastic ageing under tropical climates
No full textInternational audienceGuadeloupe is a tropical island located in the Caribbean Sea and subjected to a tropical climate characterized by a high average temperature, a high irradiance level and a high relative humidity. All these parameters are well known to induce an accelerated degradation of polymers leading to adverse environmental impact and additional economical cost. In our laboratory, artificial and natural ageing of polymers are studied since 2015. We developed ageing protocols as well as original technics allowing a better characterization of ageing processes. In this work, we will present the results obtained on polyolefin samples and mainly polypropylene. Ageing kinetic obtained under 3 artificial ageing protocols are compared with those obtained under natural ageing. Natural sites are either in Guadeloupe island, Campeche (Mexico) or Havana (Cuba). A particular attention will be paid to the meteorological differences of these natural sites to better understand their impacts on the degradation mechanisms. Characterization of the chemical degradation are studied using infra-red spectroscopy in ATR or transmission modes. The evolution of the mechanical properties of the ageing samples are characterized by nanoindentation technics. Comparison between ageing kinetic obtained on samples submitted to artificial and natural ageings allowing us to better understand the role of thermo-oxidation versus photo-oxidation
Les ports des Antilles dans un contexte maritime en mutation
No full textInternational audienceLes îles antillaises comptent de nombreux ports du fait de leur éclatement géographique et politique, d’une économie encore marquée par l’héritage colonial, et de leur localisation à proximité des flux transitant par le canal de Panama. Même si ces infrastructures occupent un rôle clé dans ces territoires, leur poids reste toutefois modeste à l’échelle mondiale. Les ports antillais ambitionnent de peser davantage dans les échanges régionaux, en promouvant la fonction de hub grâce aux activités de transbordement et de redistribution de conteneurs. Mais ils doivent s’adapter et se moderniser pour relever les nombreux défis d’un monde maritime en permanente évolution. Cette contribution a pour objectif d’analyser comment ces ports se situent face à ces nouveaux enjeux, à la fois économiques, géopolitiques et environnementaux. Elle montre que l’inégalité des réponses apportées tend à accentuer les déséquilibres dans un espace déjà fragmenté