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Note de synthèse de la thèse doctorale « Repenser la justice transitionnelle à partir du cas colombien : le vivant comme victime des conflits armés »
No full textInternational audienceThis article is a summary of a doctoral thesis, Rethinking Transitional Justice from the Colombian Case: The Living as a Victim of Armed Conflicts, defended on Junuary 24, 2024 at Limoges’ University. Its objective is to highlight the main aspects to doctoral research on recognizing non-human living entities as victims of armed conflicts, using the Colombian cas as a study example.Cet article est présenté en forme de note de synthèse d’une thèse doctorale Repenser la justice transitionnelle à partir du cas colombien : le vivant comme victime des conflits armés, soutenue le 24 janvier 2024 à l’Université de Limoges. Il a pour objectif de présenter les principaux aspects des recherches doctorales sur la reconnaissance du vivant non-humain comme victime des conflits armés en prenant l’exemple colombien comme étude de cas
Beyond Programming Assistance towards the Integration of Generative AI into Computer Science Education: A Scoping Review
No full textInternational audienceThis paper presents a scoping review of literature on using generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) in computer science (CS) education at the higher education (HE) level. This review's primary research question is: "How is GenAI utilized in the teaching and learning of CS in HE?" A total of 890 articles were initially identified following a protocol based on PRISMA guidelines. After the selection screening, 38 articles were included for quantitative and qualitative analysis. Students mainly use GenAI to assist with programming tasks. However, there is a lack of research for developing effective pedagogical strategies to fully integrate GenAI into CS education. While opinions on its effectiveness in HE are mixed, students' growing enthusiasm for GenAI stresses the critical need for research on pedagogical approaches to effectively handle its integration and facilitate the current educational paradigm shift. This shift calls for proactive pedagogical strategies and research to adapt teaching methods to an AI-driven context. Strategic GenAI use and regulation will equip new CS learners to thrive in the evolving tech landscape
Une nouvelle espèce de Chaerilus Simon, 1877 du Pakistan (Scorpiones: Chaerilidae)
No full textInternational audienceA new species belonging to the genus Chaerilus Simon, 1877 is described from northern Pakistan. The new species is morphologically compared with the geographically closest species occurring in northern Pakistan, northern India and Nepal. This new taxon represents the 60th described species among the currently recognized species for the genus Chaerilus.Une nouvelle espèce appartenant au genre Chaerilus Simon, 1877 est décrite du nord du Pakistan. Cette nouvelle espèce est comparée morphologiquement avec les espèces géographiquement proches présentes dans le nord du Pakistan, le nord de l’Inde et le Népal. Ce nouveau taxon représente la 60ème espèce de Chaerilus décrite à ce jour
Soil and plant microbiome assembly in pristine ecosystems of remote sub-Antarctic Islands; responses to abiotic drivers of global changes
No full textInternational audiencePlants interact with numerous microorganisms recruited in their environment and that colonize all of their organs, both below and aboveground. This biotic assemblage is referred to as a ‘holobiont’. The associated microbiome, either transmitted vertically or recruited horizontally, plays crucial roles in the plant performance, by contributing to its nutrition, pathogen resistance, and stress tolerance.The uninhabited (to the exception of a scientific base) sub-Antarctic Kerguelen Islands are an ideal open-air laboratory to study plant-microbiome recruitment, diversity and evolution due to their geographic isolation, being thousands of kilometers away from the nearest continent. Fellfield ecosystems are inland pristine elevated bare areas subject to frost and wind exposure, and are home to most of the archipelago’s endemic plant species. They represent key sentinel biological heritage sites that have evolved under low anthropic pressure and buffered climate. However, confronted to rapid rising temperatures and decreasing rainfall in the South Indian Ocean, these ecosystems and their holobionts may be at risk.We hypothesize that Kerguelen’s isolation led to low α-diversity in soil and plant-associated microbiomes, with limited microbial interactions for endemic plant species. Additionally, we expect climatic variability along altitudinal gradients to affect microbial β-diversity, reducing diversity in high elevation fellfields.Using 16S and ITS DNA metabarcoding, we investigated soil and plant-associated microbial communities of the natives Poa kerguelensis (Poaceae) and Pringlea antiscorbutica (Brassicaceae)
Tectonic underplating at intermediate depths in subduction zones: structural and geochronological evidence preserved in Corsican ophiolites
No full textInternational audiencePeridotites from two ophiolitic units of Alpine Corsica show outcrop-scale reverse faults whose dip angles follow a bimodal distribution (weak vs. steep angles). These faults are outlined by pseudotachylyte or cataclasite, and formed concurrently at 35–70 km depths, during the subduction of the Piemonte-Ligurian oceanic lithosphere beneath Apulia in Cretaceous to Eocene times. 40Ar/39Ar dating of pseudotachylyte indicates a 38.1 Ma age of formation. The faults are interpreted as reflecting, at the outcrop-scale, similar structures formed during the propagation, along the subduction interface, of map-scale flats and ramps delimiting duplex-like thrust sheets eventually incorporated by underplating to the upper plate
Descriptions de trois nouveaux Broscosoma Rosenhauer, 1846, de Chine et notes sur la présence de ce genre au Tibet (Coleoptera, Caraboidea, Broscinae)
No full textInternational audienceThree new species of the genus Broscosoma Rosenhauer, 1846, are described from China: B. mirabile n. sp. and B. shizishanense n. sp. from Sichuan, and B. bolaicum n. sp. from Tibet. On this occasion, additional notes are given onthe presence of the genus Broscosoma in Tibet.Trois nouvelles espèces du genre Broscosoma Rosenhauer, 1846, sont décrites de Chine :B. mirabile n. sp. et B. shizishanense n. sp. du Sichuan, et B. bolaicum n. sp. du Tibet. À cette occasion,des notes complémentaires sont données sur la présence au Tibet du genre Broscosoma
Low genetic variation and strong genetic structure across a range of geographical scales in European smelt ( Osmerus eperlanus L.)
No full textInternational audienceAbstract Populations of anadromous European smelt ( Osmerus eperlanus L.) are declining across its range with mitigation efforts for this ecologically important species hindered by a lack of demographic information. Here, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and microsatellite analyses were used to describe historical and recurrent demographics for the species across a large part of its range. mtDNA revealed a shallow phylogeographic structure indicating a cohesive ancestral population, low overall haplotype and nucleotide diversities. However, microsatellites revealed unexpectedly high genetic structuring ( F ST = 0.15; p < 0.0001), including (i) isolation by distance effects over various scales, (ii) separation between Baltic and Atlantic samples and (iii) the highest interpopulation divergence and the lowest intrapopulation variation among UK sites. The results indicate that despite considerable dispersal potential, there is strong structuring among rivers, which should be recognised as separate management units. Furthermore, individual clustering analyses revealed further population separation within waterways and the need to resolve isolating mechanisms. Overall levels of genetic variation were found to be lower than those reported for other osmerids, with evidence suggesting that a considerable portion of ancestral variation has been eroded. As such, low genetic variation may limit resilience to environmental change. Proactive management strategies are discussed, with the prioritisation of UK populations recommended
Demographic Insights and Spatial Distribution of the Commerson’s Dolphin (Cephalorhynchus commersonii) off the Kerguelen Archipelago (Southern Indian Ocean)
No full textInternational audienceThe Commerson’s dolphin (Cephalorhynchus commersonii) includes two subspecies, one of which, C. c. kerguelensis, is endemic to the Kerguelen Archipelago (southern Indian Ocean). Despite high conservation stakes associated with its geographical isolation (the other subspecies is only found in southern South America), the Kerguelen Commerson’s dolphin remains poorly studied. Herein, we used observation and photo-identification data from a long-term monitoring program implemented since 2012 to assess the spatial distribution and demographic parameters of this subspecies. Using geostatistical models, we found high probabilities of encounters of dolphins in fjord-type habitats in the Gulf of Morbihan and along the southern and northern coasts of the archipelago. From capture-mark-recapture models (Robust Design and POPAN), annual survival of individuals in the Gulf of Morbihan was estimated at 0.82 ± 0.23, with an abundance in this area ranging from 40 to 100 dolphins per year between 2012 and 2020. However, high temporary migration rates in and out of the Gulf of Morbihan were detected and supported by photo-identification data, with individuals confirmed traveling up to 130 km outside this area, generating uncertainty in demographic estimates. Our findings, while providing baseline insights, highlight the need for improved knowledge on the feeding ecology and movements of dolphins to be able to produce spatial and demographic information that can be used to assess the conservation status of the Kerguelen Commerson’s dolphin
Cancer-associated loss-of-function mutations in KCNQ1 enhance Wnt/β-catenin signalling disrupting epithelial homeostasis
No full textInternational audienceIon channels are emerging as regulators of intracellular signalling pathway, yet the molecular mechanisms underlying this role remain poorly understood. KCNQ1, a potassium channel with tumour suppressor functions, restricts Wnt/β-catenin signalling, a pathway whose dysregulation, often driven by protein-altering mutations, is a hallmark of several epithelial cancers. Here, we identify loss-of-function (LOF) mutations in KCNQ1 across multiple epithelial cancers and elucidate their impact on Wnt/β-catenin signalling. Our findings reveal that cancer-associated KCNQ1-LOF mutations regulate the β-catenin pathway through a dual mechanism. First, they drive β-catenin transcriptional activity through triggering MET receptor, bypassing Frizzled/LRP6 receptor complex activation. Second, these mutations suppress the expression of key negative regulators of Wnt signalling, such as DKK-1, Wif-1 and NKD-1, leading to amplified pathway activation in response to Wnt ligand stimulation. This dysregulation disrupts epithelial homeostasis, as demonstrated by impaired crypt organization and increased proliferation in mouse colon-derived organoids. Together, these findings uncover an original mechanism linking KCNQ1 dysfunction to aberrant Wnt/β-catenin signalling, highlighting the role of ion channel in regulating epithelial signalling networks and tissue homeostasis