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Investigating Interactions Between Fish and Offshore Wind Farms Using Acoustic Telemetry
No full textInternational audienceIn France, the increasing demand for decarbonized energy production has led to a rapid expansion ofoffshore wind farm (OWF) deployment, with over 15 projects currently in progress. The introduction of these anthropogenic structures in the marine environment is likely to influence space use and habitat connectivity of fish. OWFs can act as artificial reefs for certain fish communities with species exhibiting high residency and/or site fidelity patterns for these new habitats. On the other hand, pressures generated by OWF, such as noise emissions, may repel certain species and modify movement and migration behaviour. Considering the ecological functions and socio-economic importance of fish communities, these effects need to be assessed through comprehensive and long-termmonitoring. The collaborative FISHOWF project (2021-2024) used acoustic telemetry to identify how mobile fish species use and connect different habitats across OWF development areas in the Channel, Atlantic and mediterranean Sea. This monitoring method involves using sound-emitting tags and underwater receivers to track fish movements. This project relied on dedicated receiver arrays deployed within 4 OWF, combined with the region-wide acoustic telemetry networks FISHINTEL (Channel), CONNECT-MED & RESMED (Mediterranean) to monitor over 400 fish/crustaceans (including sea bass, pollack, lobster, sharks and rays). Protocols using acoustic telemetry at different spatial scales were tested, including a fine-scale positioning approach to track movement behaviour near anOWF structure. Key results include the identification of important existing habitats for several species in OWF underconstruction, temporary residency and site fidelity of two elasmobranch species within an operational OWF, anddetections within OWF areas of several migratory species travelling across the Channel.FISHOWF demonstrated the relevance of using acoustic telemetry at multiple spatial scales to identify and evaluatespecific effects of OWF and their grid connection on fish. Results contribute to improving ecological knowledge on monitored species, to better assess habitat modifications induced by OWF from the seafloor to the surface, and to better understand the ecological role of these artificial structures (e.g. refuge, essential habitat, ecological traps).The follow-up project FISHOWF+ (2024-2027) will maintain and expand this acoustic telemetry monitoring to up to6 OWF (fixed-bottom and floating OWF) and aims to: • optimize the acoustic telemetry network within the OWF& development zones to characterise fish aggregation and reef effect at different spatial scales (e.g. Substation vsOWF scale) • assess in situ behaviour of electrosensitive species near a substation & dynamic cable of a floating turbine and provide insights into potential electromagnetic field effects • examine how OWF construction activities impact fish habitat use• address knowledge gaps on regional connectivity at EUscale and the ecological role of OWFThe ongoing and future efforts of the FISHOWF and FISHOWF+ projects underscore the importance of comprehensive monitoring and research to understand the ecological impacts of offshore wind farms. By leveragingadvanced technologies like acoustic telemetry, these projects aim to provide valuable insights into the interactions between marine life and OWFs, ultimately guiding sustainable development and management practices that balance energy production with marine conservation. Findings will not only enhance scientific understanding but also inform policy decisions, ensuring that the expansion of renewable energy infrastructure integrates and promotes marine ecosystem health
"Entre ombre et lumière : quelques mots sur le génie de la langue créole", Olivier-Serge Candau & Béatrice Jeannot (dir.), Les créoles à travers l'étude des textes anciens
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Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles. A new History, 1957-2024
No full textInternational audienceAnalyse de l'ouvrage publié pour commémorer le 67ème Congrès de la Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles sur le Campus de l’Université du Michigan à Ann Arbor, 27-30 juin 202
The CODEX Approach: High‐Throughput Sequencing of the <i>Cox</i>‐1 Barcode Fragment in Neogastropods (Mollusca, Gastropoda)
No full textInternational audienceDNA barcoding traditionally relies on Sanger sequencing but faces limitations with degraded samples. High-throughput sequencing (HTS) offers a cost-effective alternative, enabling rapid barcode generation for extensive datasets. The advantage of HTS is its ability to employ multiplexing strategies, allowing thousands of samples to be processed simultaneously in a single sequencing run. This study presents the CODEX approach, a double-indexed HTS method designed to sequence overlapping cox-1 barcode fragments, suitable for samples with degraded DNA. The approach was applied to neogastropods, a diverse lineage of marine molluscs, using specimens (both recently collected and relatively older) from the Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN) collections. The pipeline was used to process 15,076 samples, yielding 10,905 cleaned and assembled sequences, achieving a success rate of 72.33%. The CODEX method demonstrated advantages over Sanger sequencing by enabling the recovery of barcodes from samples previously deemed unsuitable, with significantly reduced costs (€0.5 per sequence vs. €4.5). Notably, DNA quality and sequencing success were strongly correlated with collection date, emphasising the impact of preservation methods and storage conditions. Sequencing success rates varied among families but were not correlated with phylogenetic relationships or specimen size, indicating the robustness of the primers designed for neogastropods. This study highlights the efficiency of the CODEX approach for large-scale DNA barcoding projects, especially when handling degraded samples. The CODEX pipeline and associated resources are publicly accessible, offering a scalable solution for molecular systematics and beyond. | IntroductionEven if multi-locus species delimitation and phylogeny are now the standard to propose robust taxonomic hypotheses, single-locus approaches, such as DNA barcoding, remain useful to identify specimens by comparison with a reference database (Collins and Cruickshank 2012) or to provide primary species hypotheses (Miralles et al. 2024). The Barcode of Life Datasystem (BOLD) now includes more than 20 M barcodes, representing more than 1.2 M "Barcode Index Numbers"This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.</div
Groundwater monitoring and modelling, a crucial challenge in a semi-arid and poorly documented region affected by a high poverty rate (southern Madagascar)
No full textInternational audienceGroundwater plays a key role in providing access to drinking water, especially in semi-arid regions where surface water is scarce or absent for much of the year. In the semi-arid region of southern Madagascar, approximately 2,000,000 people face one of the highest poverty rates in the world, making them particularly vulnerable to climatic hazards. As a result, describing and predicting groundwater dynamics is essential to understand and anticipate drought-related humanitarian crises. How to estimate groundwater recharge in a such poorly documented area?Our work consisted of comparing two complementary approaches for estimating groundwater recharge. First, the Groundwater Resource Observatory for Southwestern Madagascar was established in 2014 in difficult logistical settings to monitor piezometric level from 16 boreholes located in various hydrogeological systems. This observatory provides long-term piezometric time series at an hourly time step, which were used to calculate recharge following the Water Table Fluctuation (WTF) Method.Second, a spatial hydrology approach was developed to estimate potential recharge using precipitation and evapotranspiration global products based on remote sensing data. The two approaches were compared, revealing the potential and limits of both. Based on these results, we compare our findings with health outcomes, offering new avenues for research
Intermelodicity, Collective Memory and Heritage in 'Soûlkreôl': An Interview with Senaya
No full textInternational audienceA diasporic artist-researcher living between Guadeloupe and Canada, Mame Sene -- her artist's name is Senaya -- has conceived Soûlkreôl as a hybrid space of intermelodicity where collective memory and cultural heritage are interwoven through sounds, languages and rhythms. Our interview explores a musical approach that maintains deep connections to the traditional roots of the Caribbean, Africa and its diaspora, while calling for an open dialogue with other (cross-)cultural influences. Senaya's artistic approach is informed by a profound reflection on spirituality. It proceeds from an in-depth exploration of the resources of Guadeloupean gwoka as a spiritual artform, but also from a revisitation of the grooves of African-American spirituals that are pregnant with a memory of resistance. This ethereal dimension of this Creole soul pervades her artistic practice, running through the dialogic veins of her rhythmic patterns as well as in the textual fabric of lyrics that showcase humanism, as much as the gathering and transmission of ancestral values. In this conception, intermelodicity is comparable to métissage on a musical level. In her songs, Creole takes a central part, alternating with French or taking the front stage, or leaving its place to Wolof or English. Such dynamics are perfectly articulated with Édouard Glissant's thought, in which creolization represents a privileged locus of encounter for cultures and imaginaries. Combining music with intertextuality, the intermelodic language of Soûlkreôl offers a unique and personal resonance of Maryse Condé's and Glissant's politico-aesthetic principles where music becomes a multifaceted space housing the transmission of heritage and collective memory
Les passerelles d'intermélodicité et de diasporicité dans l'oeuvre jazzistique de Luther François
No full textInternational audienceLuther François stands as one of the most significant figures in Caribbean jazz, a composer, arranger, and saxophonist whose musical vision transcends national and stylistic boundaries. A citizen of Saint Lucia and Martinique, François has played a pivotal, griot-like role in developing and preserving Caribbean diasporic jazz, not only as an art form but as a medium for expressing the region's cultural hybridity. His ability to weave together musical traditions from Africa, Europe, and the Americas has resulted in a sound that is both deeply rooted in the Caribbean and globally resonant. This article explores his contributions to jazz and his masterful ability to create musical connections across diasporas.Luther François représente une des figures les plus importantes du Jazz caribéen, un des rares talents musicaux à pouvoir allier de concert les facettes du compositeur, de l’arrangeur et du saxophoniste pour transcender les frontières nationales et stylistiques à travers une vision musicale très inclusive. Citoyen de Sainte-Lucie et de la Martinique, l’artiste a joué un rôle central, comparable à celui d’un griot dans le processus de préservation et de développement du Jazz caribéen diasporique, étudiable non seulement comme une forme d’art, mais aussi comme un médium d’expression de l’hybridité culturelle de la région. Son aptitude à tisser des traditions diverses venant d’Afrique, d’Europe et des Amériques se traduit dans une sonorité distinctive, empreinte d’intermélodicité profondément ancrée dans la Caraïbe tout en résonnant à travers le monde. Cet article a pour objet d’explorer ses contributions au domaine du jazz et à montrer sa capacité à créer des connections musicales à travers les diasporas
Pharmacological inhibition of polrmt mimicking polrmt rare variants associated with sideroblastic anemia, strongly inhibits proliferation and differentiation of human erythroblasts
No full textInternational audienceIntroduction Congenital sideroblastic anemia (CSA) result from abnormal erythroid differentiation related to mutations in genes involved in one of four key mitochondrial pathways: i) heme biosynthesis; ii) iron-sulfur cluster biosynthesis and transport; iii) tRNA synthesis and maturation and iv) mitochondrial respiratory chain synthesis. However, genetic analyses reveal a monogenic cause in only 50% of cases in French cohort. To identify new variants in genetically uncharacterized patients, we used an exome sequencing approach with an analysis focused on mitochondrial pathways. We identified two unrelated families with probands P1 and P2 carrying bi-allelic variants in POLRMT, a nuclear gene encoding a mitochondrial RNA polymerase. So far, POLRMT variants were associated with mitochondriopathies with neurological symptoms but no erythroid defect was reported. Though controlling mitochondrial gene expression, POLRMT is involved in oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), known to provide energy required for early steps of erythropoiesis. In this report, using an ex vivo system of erythroid differentiation, we studied extensively whether POLRMT inhibition alters human erythropoiesis and whether POLRMT bi-allelic variants could represent a new cause of CSA. Methods P1 (14 y.o.) and P2 (21 y.o.) referred to Hematology for non-regenerative chronic anemia. For the respectively past 3 and 10 years, they received transfusions every 1 to 3 months, hemoglobin level dropping as low as 4-6 g/dl. Bone marrow aspiration showed in both cases erythroblastopenia and respectively presence of 58% and 74% of ring sideroblasts. CD34+ cells obtained from P1 were sorted from PBMC and cultured using a 3 step-protocol allowing a strong erythroid commitment. Normal CD34+cells from PBMC were cultured using a 3 step-protocol after synchronisation without EPO with or without the POLRMT chemical inhibitor IMT1. Ex vivo erythroid differentiation was monitored by flow cytometry, mitochondrial function by seahorse, mitochondrial morphology using electronic microscopy. Gene expression at RNA and protein levels was assessed by RNA-Seq, RQ-PCR and WB. Results Exposure of primary CD34+cells to 0.2 µM IMT1 from D7 inhibited cell proliferation and altered drastically early erythropoiesis as shown by a decreased GPA expression and the nearly total loss of erythroid clonogenic potential. IMT1 increased the proportion of cells in G0/G1 at D11 and apoptosis rate at D14. RNAseq analysis confirmed the decreased expression of genes associated with erythroid maturation and heme synthesis. IMT1 exposure strongly decreased the transcriptional expression of mitochondrial-encoded components of the respiratory chains (MT-ND1, MT-CYB and MT-CO1), whereas no change was observed for nucleus-encoded ones (NDUFB8). At protein level, the decreased expression concerned the mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes encoded by nuclear and mitochondrial genes (C1) or mitochondrial genes only (C4). Expression of proteins belonging to C2, encoded by nuclear genes remained unchanged. POLRMT inhibition increased the mitochondrial biomass in erythroid cells assessed by TOM20 quantification and Mitotracker Probe, together with a decrease in the mitochondrial membrane potential. Seahorse experiments revealed that POLRMT inhibition altered the mitochondrial energy metabolism in erythroblasts, as shown by decreased oxygen consumption rates and ATP levels. Moreover, IMT1 exposure altered deeply the mitochondrial morphology. Ex vivo erythroid differentiation from CD34+ cells obtained from P1 confirmed the delay in GPA acquisition at D9, a lower proliferation rate, an increased mitochondrial mass at D15 and a decreased expression of transcripts of the respiratory chain complexes encoded by mitochondrial genes at D11. Conclusion These findings demonstrate a role of POLRMT in mitochondrial gene expression required for an optimal oxidative phosphorylation during erythropoiesis. We observed a strong impact of POLRMT chemical inhibition in the proliferation and differentiation of erythroid cells in response to EPO. Same defects, although milder, were also observed using ex vivo culture of P1-derived primary CD34+ cells, arguing for a role of the identified POLRMT bi-allelic variants in the pathophysiology of the anemia. Thus, POLRMT should be analysed in rare inherited anemia, particularly in erythroid hypoplasia associated with ring sideroblasts