HAL Université des Antilles
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Emplacement and tectono-magmatic fabric development in the Upper Triassic-Lower Jurassic Curaco Batholith (northern Patagonia, Argentina) during progressive deformation: an integrated remote sensing, field, microstructural, and CPO study
No full textInternational audienceThis study integrates new field geological-structural mapping, microstructural analysis, and quartz-feldspar crystallographic preferred orientation data obtained through electron backscatter diffraction (CPO-EBSD) of the Upper Triassic-Lower Jurassic Curaco Batholith (39 • 43′S-67 • 40′W) in northern extra-Andean Patagonia, Argentina. Field relationships, geometric-kinematic, and dynamic structural analysis indicate that the batholith's emplacement coincided with movements along an approximately E-W-trending dextral strike-slip brittle-ductile shear zone, influenced by regional NE-SW oblique extension and pre-existing NW-SE-trending Paleozoic basement fabric. The alternation of igneous intrusions and deformation structures is consistent with its syntectonic emplacement by incremental growth of a pluton-dike system, fed by multiple small injections during a singlephase progressive transtensional event. The internal structural fabric gradually transitions from magmatic to sub-magmatic flows and from high-to low-temperature solid-state ductile-brittle deformation at all scales, indicating melt-present deformation and progressive fabric development under changing deformation conditions. As the batholith cools and crystallizes, the preferred shape orientations of minerals in the fabrics change, successively controlled by magmatic and tectonic processes. Combining published and new zircon U-Pb dates of 224-183 Ma provides constraints on the timescale of these tectono-magmatic processes, which are spatially and temporally related to regional intracontinental deformation in northern Patagonia during the early stages of the breakup of western Gondwana
Genetic Relatedness and Parentage Analysis as a Framework to Enhance Local Conservation Strategies for Marine Species
No full textInternational audienceConservation of marine species faces specific challenges, especially considering the environmental factors and cryptic behaviors that affect organismal dispersal. In the context of conservation genetics, microsatellite markers have been successfully applied in population genetics to assess genetic differentiation and delineate population clusters, helping to identify broader scale conservation needs. Here, we tested the relevance of using microsatellite markers to perform parentage analysis with very little information on a marine sessile organism to inform spatial conservation efforts. Specifically, we investigated the genetic structure of Atrina vexillum, a large marine bivalve, sampled in the lagoon of Bora-Bora. Our primary objective was to sample a significant portion of the population with a stratified underwater survey, which led to the sampling of 1389 individuals, estimated to represent ~80% of the total population. We then screened 30 microsatellite loci to compute a relatedness matrix and assess genetic relationships among individuals. Based on pairwise relatedness values, we computed a UPGMA hierarchical clustering to construct family groups and compared the results with a maximum-likelihood-based parentage analysis implemented in COLONY. In parallel, we also looked for genetic structure using Bayesian clustering with STRUCTURE. We then investigated spatial patterns of genetic relatedness, testing correlations with geographic distances. The distribution of relatedness values indicated a relatively even contribution to reproduction among sampled individuals. Although no population structure was detected using the Bayesian clustering algorithm, we identified multiple family groups, some comprising up to 19 individuals. Spatial analyses showed no significant correlation between genetic relatedness and proximity, except among closely related individuals, who tended to be found in close proximity. Our findings highlight the value of the relatedness-based approach to identify genetic connectivity and reproductive behavior. In A. vexillum, this approach demonstrates the importance of protecting high-density areas where settlement occurs, even though no spatial genetic structure was found within the lagoon
Dynamiques de domination et de pouvoir dans l’esclavage des Antilles françaises : une approche interdisciplinaire
No full textInternational audienceThis study explores how structures of power and domination during slavery in the French Antilles can be reinterpreted from a contemporary perspective. It proposes to denaturalize the “master/slave” relationship, highlighting its relevance beyond the specific historical context in order to better understand the persistence of dynamics of oppression that endure in present-day societies.Este estudio explora cómo las estructuras de poder y dominación durante la esclavitud en las Antillas Francesas pueden ser reinterpretadas desde una perspectiva contemporánea. Se propone desnaturalizar la relación "amo/esclavo", destacando su relevancia más allá del contexto histórico específico para comprender mejor la persistencia de dinámicas de opresión que perduran en las sociedades actuales.Cette étude explore comment les structures de pouvoir et de domination durant l’esclavage dans les Antilles françaises peuvent être réinterprétées dans une perspective contemporaine. Elle propose de dénaturaliser la relation « maître/esclave », en soulignant sa pertinence au-delà du contexte historique spécifique afin de mieux comprendre la persistance des dynamiques d’oppression qui perdurent dans les sociétés actuelles
L’agriculture urbaine, une stratégie de résilience des systèmes alimentaires: L’expérience de la crise du Covid-19 en Haïti
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La yole ronde comme espace d’expression populaire et lieu du tourisme expérientiel en Martinique: The Round Yole as A Popular Expression Space and Place of Experiential Tourism in Martinique
No full textInternational audienceDepuis la fin des années 1980, le tourisme s’impose comme un secteur important pour le développement économique des territoires insulaires de la Caraïbe. La concurrence est forte entre ces destinations dont les offres sont trop souvent réduites à quelques attraits d’une tropicalité balnéaire. Cet ensemble régional est effectivement perçu comme un marché relativement homogène, identifié à travers les « 3S » (Sea, Sun, Sand) où les nuances intrarégionales semblent bien secondaires. Le tourisme, perçu comme une opportunité économique, s’est rapidement développé au détriment des populations indigènes, de leur quotidien, de leur culture et des traditions qui font leur identité. Cette approche du tourisme contribue à fragiliser le tissu social, les cultures locales, des modes de vie et des coutumes. Au regard de ces limites, une autre approche du tourisme, mieux intégrée à son environnement d’accueil, et d’autre part, de concevoir de nouvelles prestations qui impliquent davantage les communautés locales.A faire l’expérience de la Martinique, autour d’une embarcation traditionnelle (la yole), l’objectif de l’étude est d’insister sur l’intérêt d’un renouvellement de l’approche touristique qui prend davantage en considération des ressources réelles des lieux. L’enjeu de notre étude est de conduire une réflexion sur les liens existant entre les logiques de patrimonialisation des évènements culturels à dominante festive et le développement touristique. Les biens culturels, et particulièrement le patrimoine culturel festif, à l’image du Tour des yoles rondes de la Martinique, démontrent le lien entre l’identité locale, les traditions et le lieu ; ils confèrent de la lisibilité et de la transparence aux territoires investis. La yole ronde est un bateau en bois robuste, très difficilement manœuvrable, autrefois réservée à la pratique de la pêche et dont l’usage a été détourné. De bateau de pêche, il est devenu un engin sportif donnant lieu à de véritables compétitions très prisées des habitants. Cette étude démontre que la compétition annuelle de yoles rondes, en plus de s’appréhender comme une ressource identitaire, s’organise dans une dynamique d’exposition, mais également de valorisation marchande
Does Agricultural Assets Ownership Matter for Financial Inclusion in Developing Countries? Empirical Evidence Using Bank Inclusion in Haiti
No full textInternational audienceFinancial inclusion and particularly bank inclusion is important for economic development and reducing inequality. Both academia and practitioners have been paying attention to financial inclusion. Yet, it remains an issue in many developing countries like Haiti. Over the past decade, Haitian central bank initiated a financial inclusion agenda, but there has been little in-depth analysis of the determinants of this socioeconomic policy outcome. With special attention on agricultural asset ownership, we analyzed for the first time the households’ characteristics influencing bank inclusion, using a multinomial logit regression model. The findings revealed that only 20.6% of the Haitian households had a bank account in 2016/2017, and the farming households were among the most excluded. The study confirmed that age, education, location, household size, wealth and exposure to the media significantly influenced bank inclusion in Haiti. It adds to the literature by revealing that agricultural asset ownership (land or livestock) was not a reliable determinant for improving bank inclusion in developing countries like Haiti. The study recommends both institutional financial policies to encourage closing the gap between farmers and banks
Intimate partner violence during pregnancy against 601,534 women aged 15 to 49 years in 57 LMICs: prevalence, disparities, trends and associated factors using Demographic and Health Survey data
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Passion and combat on a floral stage : a new species of Uvariopsis (Annonaceae) from Monts de Cristal, Gabon, with notes on its unique pollination ecology
No full textInternational audienceBackground and aims -Gabon is a major centre of biodiversity. We describe a new species from the tropical plant family Annonaceae: Uvariopsis niangadoumae sp. nov., known from a single population in the Monts de Cristal National Park. Material and methods -Field work was conducted to collect plant specimens and observe floral visitors. Pollen samples were collected and prepared for microscopic analysis. The phylogenetic tree of Uvariopsis was reconstructed using a maximum likelihood method and based on hundreds of nuclear markers. Pollination biology was studied using a DIY camera trap (PICT) placed near a female flower to record floral visitors and their behaviour for one full day. Several flower visitors were collected and identified using DNA barcoding. Key results -Uvariopsis niangadoumae is a tree reaching five metres tall, characterized by strong-scented leaves, fewflowered cauliflorous foul-smelling flowers, and large pollen grains shed in tetrads. The species is endemic to a small area within the Monts de Cristal National Park. Phylogenetic analysis places U. niangadoumae within the "large-leaved clade" species complex with now five taxa. Pollination is diurnal, and the primary pollinator is a rove beetle (Staphylinidae), which uses the female flowers as a mating site, with males fighting for control of the flower. The rove beetles might be attracted by a chemical cue, the foul scent of the flowers, and visual cues, with the inner part of the petals resembling mushrooms. Conclusion -These results emphasize once again the importance of the Monts de Cristal National Park for biodiversity and highlight conservation concerns for the newly described species. The new species is monitored regularly, especially for fruiting individuals, to support ex situ propagation. The Kinguélé Aval project maintains a conservation nursery with 56 species, including 20 individuals of this new species
Utopia and Dystopia in Wes Anderson’s Moonrise Kingdom: the Paradox of Childhood’s End
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Fetal hemoglobin enables malaria parasite growth in sickle cells but augments production of transmission stage parasites
No full textInternational audienceSickle cell trait is the quintessential example of the human evolutionary response to malaria, providing protection against severe disease, but leading to sickle cell disease (SCD) in the homozygous state. Fetal Hemoglobin (HbF) reduces the pathology of SCD and several mutations lead to the prolonged production of HbF into childhood and adult life. HbF has been suggested to contribute to protection against malaria. Two long-term cohorts were genotyped for three quantitative trait loci associated with HbF production and analyzed for HbF titers, malaria clinical episodes and the production of parasite stages infectious to mosquitoes, gametocytes, in asymptomatic infections. Plasmodium falciparum parasites were also grown in vitro in HbSS cells with measured levels of HbF. The genetic determinants of prolonged HbF production were associated with increased HbF titers and that increased HbF afforded protection from malaria disease but increased the production of gametocytes. The presence of HbF in sickled red cells was also shown in in vitro culture to enable parasite persistence in conditions otherwise deleterious for the parasite and enabled complete maturation of gametocytes. The beneficial personal effect of HbF, whether through protection against malaria or alleviating effects of SCD, is seemingly offset by increased parasite transmissibility and potential disease burden for the community. These individuals represent a potentially important reservoir of infection and could be targeted in elimination strategies