HAL Université des Antilles
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Adult T-cell Leukemia/Lymphoma in French Guiana (1990-2019): Epidemiology, Clinical Features, and HTLV-1 Genetic Diversity in the Two Main Ethnic Populations
No full textAdult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) is a rare and aggressive malignancy caused by human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1). French Guiana, located in northeastern South America, is a region of high HTLV-1 endemicity with a multiethnic population. We conducted a comprehensive 30-year study of ATL cases diagnosed between 1990 and 2019, capturing nearly all confirmed ATL cases in the territory (n=137). The predominant subtypes were lymphoma (58%) and acute ATL (36%). Striking ethnic disparities emerged: 69% of patients were Maroons, and the median age at diagnosis was 43 years among Maroons versus 58 years among Creoles. Survival outcomes were uniformly poor, with median overall survival of 2.7 months for acute and 5.2 months for lymphoma ATL. In multivariate analysis, acute ATL subtype and hepatosplenomegaly at diagnosis were independently associated with worse survival. Complete HTLV-1 genome sequences were obtained for seven ATL cases and phylogenetic analysis of complete genomes revealed strong ethnic clustering: all Creole strains belonged to the Transcontinental subtype, while all Maroon strains belonged to the West African subtype.Moreover, HTLV-1 prevalence in the general population was measured among 1,078 Creoles tested in 1998, with a prevalence of 3.1%, markedly lower and occurring at older ages compared to previously published data for the Maroon population.Our findings highlight pronounced disparities in ATL epidemiology by ethnic group, and emphasize the need for targeted prevention, early diagnosis, and improved care in high-risk populations
Nage au-dessus des habitats sous-marins
No full textEn matière d'observation de l'environnement, les données manquent souvent. Mieux suivre la variabilité des habitats de faibles profondeurs océaniques, comme les récifs coralliens ou les herbiers, est un enjeu important pour évaluer la santé des écosystèmes côtiers
Resolving taxonomic ambiguities in extant Himalayan lazy toads: A new species of the genus Scutiger (Anura, Megophryidae) from eastern Nepal
No full textInternational audienceThe biodiversity of the Himalaya remains significantly understudied and, at the same time, is increasingly threatened by habitat loss due to rising anthropogenic pressures and climate change. Lazy Toads of the genus Scutiger are endemic to the Himalaya-Tibet orogen and form a diverse and characteristic component of the Himalayan montane zone. In our study, we re-assess material of Scutiger sikimmensis s. lat. using both molecular and morphological data. Our findings support the description of a new species, Scutiger khumbu sp. nov., with the nominotypical subspecies distributed in the Nepalese Khumbu Himal, and the subspecies Scutiger khumbu makalu subsp. nov. from the adjacent Makalu rang
Mean arterial pressure after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (METAPHORE): study protocol for a multicentre controlled trial with blinded primary outcome assessor
No full textInternational audienceneurological, cutaneous, digestive and haemorrhagic complications within 7 days after inclusion). Subgroup analyses are planned according to initial cardiac arrest rhythm (shockable or non-shockable), chronic hypertension and Cardiac Arrest Hospital Prognosis score. Outcomes will be analysed on an intention-to-treat basis. Recruitment started in October 2024 in 27 French ICUs, and a sample of 1380 patients is expected by October 2027. Ethics and disseminationThe study received approval from the national ethics review board on 8 February 2024 (Comité de Protection des Personnes Sud-Est V -2023-A00257-38). Patients are included after informed consent has been obtained either from a proxy or through an emergency procedure. Results will be submitted for publication in peerreviewed journals. Trial registration number ClinicalTrials. gov: NCT05486884.</div
The Visits of Aimé Césaire and Léon-Gontran Damas in the Haitian Press and French Archives. Haiti and the Racial Issue – 1944-1964.
No full textInternational audienceAimé Césaire, a poet from Martinique, travelled to Haiti in 1944, and Léon-Gontran Damas, a poet from French Guiana, visited Haiti in 1952 and 1964. How were these heralds of Negritude received in the first Black republic of the Americas? How did the racial issue, significant both locally and internationally, impact their visits? This article draws on specific sources, some of which are unpublished - including articles from the Haitian press, French diplomatic archives and public records from Martinique - to understand how this issue manifested itself locally, while also examining the influence of international conjunctures at very distinct times. From each poet's feelings about their reception in Haiti, to the consideration given to debates about ´race´, via an analysis of the interplay of actors grappling with racial stereotypes, this contribution explores the different ways in which the racial issue has manifested itself in Haiti
AMOBIO : Analyse multicritère des effets exercés par les obstacles en cours d’eau sur les communautés biologiques (diatomées, macroinvertébrés, poissons). Rapport scientifique et technique final
No full textCryptic Diversity and Genetic Differentiation of Mesophotic Hydroids in the Southwestern Indian Ocean
No full textInternational audienceThe western Indian Ocean (WIO) is recognized as a marine biodiversity hotspot with complex oceanographic circulation resulting in limited connectivity between remote islands. This ocean region comprises several subregions of varying biodiversity, with the northern Mozambique Channel standing out as the core of this hotspot. Although the hydroids in this region are known to include cryptic species and show contrasting connectivity patterns, the mesophotic depths remain largely unexplored. The Deep Reef Refuge Hypothesis suggests that mesophotic coral ecosystems may act as refuges. However, this hypothesis is based on several prerequisites that could be affected by the presence of cryptic species. We investigated the genetic diversity and connectivity of seven hydroid species by collecting samples at euphotic and mesophotic depths around the islands of Mayotte and Reunion. Population genetic patterns were investigated using multivariate analyses and Bayesian clustering, with 8-18 microsatellite markers per species. The results revealed greater genetic diversity in Mayotte than in Reunion, even though fewer samples were collected there. This is in line with the location of the heart of the hotspot in the northern part of the WIO. In addition, all species exhibited strong genetic differentiation between samples from the two islands, supporting the "one island, one species" hypothesis previously proposed for hydroids in the region. However, contrasting values were obtained among depths depending on the species and the island, demonstrating the importance of a multi-species approach. The inclusion of mesophotic samples from the Taxella eximia/gracilicaulis and Macrorhynchia phoenicea species complexes provides new insights into the true biodiversity of these genera, revealing additional cryptic species and putative hybridization. Furthermore, the genetic connectivity estimation performed here among depths highlights several species that could be evaluated in terms of the vertical connectivity prerequisite of the Deep Reef Refuge Hypothesis in Mayotte and Reunion
Ecrire (et penser) ensemble.: (Nouveaux) enjeux théoriques, génétiques, éthiques et politiques de l'écriture en collaboration.
No full textCe numéro explore la richesse et les enjeux de l’écriture collaborative, non comme simple partage de tâches mais comme processus relationnel, instable, traversé d’influences et de tensions. Ébauchant une critique des approches dominantes, trop focalisées sur la fusion des auteurs ou l’attribution technique, nous nous proposons de penser la coécriture comme un acte politique et éthique, porteur d’une autre vision de la création. Les contributions réunies dans ce numéro prolongent cette réflexion à travers des études de cas variées, allant de la science-fiction aux dynamiques postcoloniales, et font de la cosignature un geste de résistance contre le mythe de l’auteur unique et lieu d’émergence d’un « nous » créatif
Ecomorphological Analysis of the Bird Lumbosacral Organ in an Evolutionary Context
No full textInternational audienceBirds possess a unique balance organ, the lumbosacral organ (LSO), located in the lumbosacral region of the synsacrum. This organ surrounds the spinal cord and leaves distinct traces of its size and shape on the endocast of the vertebral canal. To date, many questions about the function of the LSO and its implications in bird biology remain. Here, we investigate whether the shape of the synsacral vertebral canal endocast, influenced by the LSO, is related to locomotor habits, pelvic morphology, and phylogeny. We used 2D and 3D geometric morphometrics to characterise the shape of the digital synsacral vertebral canal cast and to test whether its morphology is indicative of locomotor behaviour and pelvic morphology. We also quantified the phylogenetic signal to determine whether phylogeny has an impact on morphology. Our results suggest that the vertebral canal endocast is shaped by the LSO, particularly in predominantly perching birds, where it is proportionally larger than in other locomotor groups. We also show that the pelvic morphology covaries significantly with the vertebral canal morphology. A proportionally larger LSO corresponds to a shorter, wider pelvis, while a smaller LSO corresponds to a longer, more slender pelvis. Finally, in addition to a strong phylogenetic signal in vertebral canal morphology, we identify allometry, indicating that body size also influences LSO morphology
