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Beyond Ecology: Land–Sea Governance, Policy, and Research in Réunion Island (2000–2024)
No full textInternational audienceCoastal areas are increasingly exposed and vulnerable to environmental degradation and climate change, requiring adaptive governance approaches that integrate the climate-environment-health nexus. In Réunion Island, a French overseas department and EU region, two decades of science-policy initiatives have aimed to improve coastal governance through stakeholder engagement, scientific knowledge integration, and deliberative processes. Building on the evolutionary governance theory framework, this study analyzes a body of 281 scientific research articles (2000-2024), 4 participatory projects (2005-2020), and 12 expert insights to identify land-sea governance challenges and opportunities. Scientific articles remain focused on diagnosing environmental problems rather than elaborating systemic solutions, with a predominance of ecological and conservation science. Participatory governance and long-term strategic foresight are underdeveloped, and while digital tools are widely used for environmental monitoring, their integration into decision-making remains insufficient. Key barriers include administrative fragmentation, weak institutional coordination, and difficulties in integrating scientific knowledge into policy processes. Four enablers emerge: strong political leadership, long-term institutional support, a shared strategic vision, and regional cooperation aligned with European and international frameworks. Additionally, Réunion's hybrid sociability, shaped by its colonial history, presents both challenges and opportunities for governance. While it may foster exclusivity, it can also facilitate trust-based collaboration. A dedicated land-sea governance structure could enhance multi-scale and multi-level coordination among stakeholders
Clinical management of bleeding manifestations in a family with the thrombomodulin C1611>A (p.Cys537Stop) mutation
No full textInternational audienceBackground: The bleeding disorder described here is due to a heterozygous autosomal dominant C1611>A variant in the thrombomodulin (TM) gene that significantly elevates plasma TM levels, which enhances the activation of protein C. This activation inhibits factors VIIIa and Va, reducing thrombin generation and potentially leading to severe hemorrhagic manifestations. Key Clinical Question: What is the bleeding profile of patients with this rare condition? What are the most frequent clinical signs, and how can they be treated? Clinical Approach: We present a case study of an index patient with the TM C1611>A variant and his 20 family members. We detail the hemostatic strategies employed during various bleeding episodes and surgical procedures. Conclusion: Sharing clinical experiences is crucial for hematologists managing similar cases, as it provides valuable insights into effective treatment strategies. K E Y W O R D S bleeding, C1611>A, p.Cys537Stop, platelet transfusion, recombinant activated factor VII (rFVIIa), thrombomodulin (TM) 1 | I N T R O D U C T I O N Thrombomodulin (TM) is a glycoprotein that is expressed in human endothelial cells and a number of other cell types, including hematopoietic progenitors, dendritic cells, and monocytes [1]. It plays a critical role in regulating coagulation by accelerating thrombinmediated protein C activation over 1000-fold compared with thrombin (FIIa) alone. When complexed with TM, thrombin's substrate</div
Using high penetration airborne LiDAR and dense UAV scanning to produce accurate 3D maps of light availability in dense tropical forest
No full textInternational audienceLiDAR makes it possible to describe the 3D structure of the forest, from which species habitats can be accurately estimated, over large areas at fine resolution. However, standard airborne laser scanning (ALS) fails to describe the lower canopy in sufficient detail due to occlusion by the upper canopy. The understory is important to characterise as it harbours the majority of the forest community and is the place where regeneration takes place. Here we explored the potential of low altitude high power ALS with enhanced penetration, and denser UAV LiDAR (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) to describe the structure of the understory. We used the recorded laser pulse extinction to build a 3D model of light transmission through the canopy. We evaluated the capacity of the light transmission model to estimate the spatial and angular variation of light in the tropical understory, considering different leaf inclination distribution functions (LIDF), compared with measurements from two different field sensors. We found that (i) LiDAR can be used to estimate the light environment in the understory in a spatially and angularly consistent way; (ii) high pulse density does not guarantee an accurate characterization of the forest structure, and penetration rate is an important characteristic to accurately describe the forest structure, especially the understory; (iii) taking into account the anisotropic nature of light transmittance improved the estimation of absolute light levels by radiative transfer
Unfolding the Contributions of Small-Scale Fisheries to the Sustainable Development Goals
No full textInternational audienceThe effects of climate change are hindering the ability of the world to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) by 2030. In particular, the success of SDG 2 (Zero hunger) is threatened by the impacts of climate change on global food production, leaving over 20% of the world's population at risk of food and nutrition insecurity. Fisheries, particularly small-scale fisheries (SSF), play a crucial role in future global food security. With the constant increase in demand for aquatic food products and its key role in nutrition in many coastal contexts, sustainable fishery production is essential to ensure healthy food while protecting the health and function of marine ecosystems. Despite its importance for livelihoods and nutrition for millions of people, SSFs remain poorly acknowledged in global policies. Social-ecological relationships in SSF are complex and poorly understood, making it difficult to formulate policies that could improve and preserve the contributions of SSF to sustainable development. Here, we developed an expert-based rapid appraisal framework to identify and characterize the contribution of SSF to SDGs. We implemented a flexible scoring system for data-limited situations, usable with natural resources users, managers, and scientists. Our structured approach is not limited to SDG 14 and target 14.b; rather, it provides insights into SSF's contributions to 11 other SDGs. This research discusses the findings from the application of the Rapid Appraisal framework to 60 SSF case studies in eight countries across Africa, Europe, and Latin America. Our findings indicate that SSF have consistent potential to advance certain SDGs and targets, especially targets 1.4, 12.3, 1.1, 8.5, and to a lesser extent targets 14.2, 14.1, and 16.7. SSFs impact on other targets are variable and dependent on local contexts, especially some targets of SDGs 5 (targets 5.5 and 5.A) and 8 (targets 8.7, 8.8, and 8.9). Our work reveals that unlocking SSFs potential to advance SDGs, requires understanding them not only from the marine resource perspective (SDG 14) but also from its social and economic components. Our study provides the first comprehensive approach for assessing the multiple contributions of SSFs to SDGs, allowing for a global assessment of SSF across diverse contexts, and analyzing key trends and variations in their contributions to the SDGs. As SSFs supply about 40% of the global fish catch and 90% of the employment in the capture fisheries sector, we argue that SSFs play a critical role in policies leading towards the SDGs
Comparison of mortality and hospitalisation rates amongst older adults residing in professional foster families versus nursing homes: two parallel observational studies
No full textInternational audienceBACKGROUND: There is an urgent need to offer alternatives to nursing homes. Amongst them, professional foster families with paramedical supervision have never been studied. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to compare the 1-year mortality, hospitalisation and emergency department visit rates between older adults in foster families and those in nursing homes. DESIGN: Two parallel cohort studies conducted in foster families (n = 107) and nursing homes (n = 332). METHODS: Adults aged \textgreater/=60 years were followed for 1 year, with assessments at baseline, 6 and 12 months. Primary outcomes included 12-month mortality, hospitalisations and emergency visits without hospitalisation. Secondary outcomes included cognitive decline [Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE)], functional dependence [activities of daily living (ADL)], and health-related quality of life (EQ-5D). RESULTS: Baseline characteristics, including comorbidities and cognitive impairment (MMSE \textless/=18), were similar across groups. However, full functional dependence (ADL = 0) was more frequent amongst foster family residents (35.4% versus 18.2%; P = .01). After 12 months, mortality was 24.2% in foster families and 21.9% in nursing homes [adjusted odd ratio (OR) = 0.83; 95% CI, 0.42-1.66; P = 0.599]. Hospitalisation occurred in 6.1% versus 8.6% (adjusted OR = 0.74; 95% CI, 0.28-2.00; P = .547), and emergency visits in 9.1% versus 9.3% (adjusted OR = 0.94; 95% CI, 0.37-2.37, P = 0.889). Cognitive decline was similar. Foster family residents showed greater functional decline (beta = -0.69; P \textless .001) but better quality of life maintenance (beta = 0.08; P = .004). CONCLUSION: Professional foster families are a viable alternative to nursing homes, achieving comparable health outcomes at 1 year and at lower cost. Their development should consider cultural, clinical, and socioeconomic contexts
Diversité et phylogénie des corallines : délimitation des espèces, révision taxonomique du genre Jania et contribution de la génomique à la résolution des relations phylogénétiques au sein des Corallinophycidae
No full textCoralline algae (Corallinophycidae) form a major group of calcified red algae characterized by the presence of calcite in their cell walls. This calcification provides them a key ecological role in coastal ecosystems, where they contribute to the formation of bioconstructions such as coral reefs, maerl beds, and Mediterranean coralligenous assemblages. Widespread on rocky shores from the tropics to the poles, they currently comprise more than 1,000 species, making them the most diverse group of red algae. The use of molecular taxonomic tools has revealed a still largely underestimated diversity. The herbarium of the Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (PC) holds the world's largest collection of coralline algae, which was used in this thesis to explore their diversity and phylogenetic relationships.The first part of this thesis focused on assessing species diversity within Jania, the fourth most diverse genus of coralline algae, whose identification at the generic level is relatively straightforward. However, morphological traits proved insufficient to distinguish species, making molecular data essential for reliable delimitation. Based on the most comprehensive sampling to date — 182 specimens from the PC herbarium, covering most marine ecoregions and including four type specimens — an integrative approach combining morphology, biogeography, and genetic markers (COI and psbA) was applied. This analysis delimited 39 putative species, 28% fewer than the currently recognized number. Most species had restricted distributions, while five were widespread. Moreover, 67% of the putative species remained unidentified. The study also showed that intergenicular morphometry is an unreliable trait for species identification.The second part focused on sequencing type specimens of Jania using next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies. Different bioinformatic approaches enabled the recovery of psbA and COI genes from 22 historical type specimens. These data substantially contributed to stabilizing the taxonomy of the genus Jania by assigning valid names to previously identified lineages. In addition to molecular species delimitation methods, we used an additional criterion — genetic distance — to define the boundary between intra- and interspecific variation. Choosing a low threshold allows for a conservative approach, maintaining as valid a greater number of species for which type specimens have been sequenced.Finally, the third part addressed phylogenetic relationships at the subclass level of the Corallinophycidae. Through sequencing and analysis of mitochondrial and plast genomes from both recent and historical specimens, this dataset — one of the most comprehensive ever assembled for this group — clarified deep relationships among. The results support the current classification while refining the links among families and consolidating deep phylogenetic nodes.This study integrates species delimitation, taxonomic revision, and phylogenomics to establish a robust taxonomic framework for coralline algae. This robust phylogeny will help to better understand the mechanisms underlying their hyperdiversification and the breadth of their ecological niches. Such knowledge is essential in the context of global change, particularly in relation to ocean acidification driven by climate change.Les algues corallines (Corallinophycidae) constituent un groupe majeur d'algues rouges calcifiées, caractérisées par la présence de calcite dans leur paroi cellulaire. Cette calcification leur confère un rôle clé dans les écosystèmes côtiers, où elles contribuent à la formation de bioconstructions telles que les récifs coralliens, les bancs de maerl et les formations coralligènes méditerranéennes. Répandues sur les côtes rocheuses du monde entier, des tropiques aux pôles, elles regroupent actuellement plus de 1 000 espèces, ce qui en fait le groupe d'algues rouges le plus diversifié. L'utilisation des outils de la taxonomie moléculaire a révélé une diversité encore largement sous-estimée. L'herbier du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (PC) possède la plus importante collection de corallines au monde, mobilisée dans cette thèse pour explorer leur diversité et leurs relations phylogénétiques.Le premier volet de cette thèse s'est concentré sur l'évaluation de la diversité spécifique au sein de Jania, le quatrième genre le plus diversifié des corallines et dont l'identification au niveau générique est relativement aisée. Cependant, les caractères morphologiques se sont révélés insuffisants pour distinguer les espèces, rendant indispensables les données moléculaires pour une délimitation fiable. À partir de l'échantillonnage le plus complet à ce jour — 182 spécimens issus de l'herbier PC, couvrant la majorité des écorégions marines, dont quatre spécimens types — une approche intégrative, combinant morphologie, biogéographie et marqueurs génétiques (COI et psbA) a été mise en œuvre. Cette approche a permis de délimiter 39 espèces putatives, soit 28 % de moins que le nombre actuellement reconnu. La majorité présentait une distribution restreinte, tandis que cinq étaient largement réparties. De plus, 67 % des espèces putatives restaient non identifiées. L'étude a également montré que la morphométrie de l'intergenicula est un caractère peu fiable pour l'identification des espèces.Le second volet a porté sur le séquençage de spécimens types de Jania à l'aide des technologies de séquençage à haut débit (NGS). Différentes approches bioinformatiques ont permis de récupérer les gènes psbA et COI pour 22 types historiques. Ces données ont considérablement contribué à stabiliser la taxonomie du genre Jania, en permettant l‘attribution de noms valides aux lignées identifiées précédemment. Outre les méthodes de délimitation moléculaire des espèces, nous avons eu recours à un critère supplémentaire, la distance génétique pour définir la frontière entre variation intra et interspécifique. Choisir un seuil bas, permet d'adopter une approche conservatrice et de maintenir comme valide davantage d'espèces dont les spécimens types ont été séquencés.Enfin, le troisième volet s'est intéressé aux relations phylogénétiques à l'échelle de la sous-classe des Corallinophycidae. Grâce à l'obtention et à l'analyse des génomes mitochondriaux et chloroplastiques issus de spécimens récents et historiques, ce jeu de données — l'un des plus exhaustifs jamais assemblé pour ce groupe — a permis de clarifier les relations profondes entre les ordres. Les résultats soutiennent la classification actuelle, tout en précisant les liens entre les familles et en consolidant les nœuds phylogénétiques profonds.Cette étude intègre la délimitation spécifique, la révision taxonomique et la phylogénomique qui a permis d'établir une base taxonomique robuste des corallines. Cette phylogénie robuste permettra par la suite, de mieux comprendre les mécanismes à l'origine de leur hyperdiversification et de l'étendue de leur niche écologique. Ces connaissances sont essentielles dans le contexte actuel du changement global, en particulier face à l'acidification des océans liée au changement climatique
Unraveling the diversity of protein-carbohydrate interfaces: Insights from a multi-scale study
No full textInternational audienceProtein-carbohydrate interactions play a crucial role in numerous fundamental biological processes. Thus, description and comparison of the carbohydrate binding site (CBS) architecture is of great importance for understanding of the underlying biological mechanisms. However, traditional approaches for carbohydrate-binding protein analysis and annotation rely primarily on the sequence-based methods applied to specific protein classes. The recently released DIONYSUS database aims to fill this gap by providing tools for CBS comparison at different levels: both in terms of protein properties and classification, as well as in terms of atomistic CBS organization. In the current study, we explore DIONYSUS content using a combination of the suggested approaches in order to evaluate the diversity of the currently resolved non-covalent protein-carbohydrate interfaces at different scales. Notably, our analysis reveals evolutionary convergence of CBS in proteins with distinct folds and coming from organisms across different kingdoms of life. Furthermore, we demonstrate that a CBS structure based approach has the potential to facilitate functional annotation for the proteins with missing information in the existing databases. In particular, it provides reliable information for numerous carbohydrate-binding proteins from rapidly evolving organisms, whose analysis is particularly challenging for classical sequence-based methods
Comparative Analysis of Geometries of Interdigitated Capacitive Sensors for Liquid Media Detection
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The invasive marsh frogs advancing into The Netherlands carry a diverse mix of mtDNA
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La sardinerie de Pornic : une exclusion sociale programmée
No full textInternational audienceIn 1989 in Pornic, Loire-Atlantique, the Paul Paulet sardine cannery, which produced the Petit Navire brand, closed due to relocation, despite 40 years of operation. The traces of the female working-class condition on the seaside resort are subsequently erased. The buildings of the abandoned factory were demolished in 2012. Since then, the brownfields has been in a state of dormancy. In the continuity of this social sorting, the current process of protecting and enhancing the heritage of seaside villas proves to be an effective tool for excluding the working class; it is a vector of gentrification.En 1989, à Pornic en Loire-Atlantique, la conserverie de sardines Paul Paulet de la marque Petit Navire ferme pour délocalisation, et ce malgré 40 ans d’activité. Il s’ensuit l’effacement des traces de la condition ouvrière féminine sur la station balnéaire. Les bâtiments de l’usine désaffectée ont été rasés en 2012. Depuis, la friche est en latence. Dans la continuité de ce tri social, le processus actuel de protection et de mise en valeur patrimoniale des villas du bord de mer s’avère un outil efficace pour exclure les classes populaires, il est vecteur de gentrification