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Phospholipid transfer to high-density lipoprotein (HDL) upon triglyceride lipolysis is directly correlated with HDL-cholesterol levels and is not associated with cardiovascular risk
No full textInternational audienceBackground and aimsWhile low concentrations of high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) represent a well-established cardiovascular risk factor, extremely high HDL-C is paradoxically associated with elevated cardiovascular risk, resulting in the U-shape relationship with cardiovascular disease. Free cholesterol transfer to HDL upon lipolysis of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TGRL) was recently reported to underlie this relationship, linking HDL-C to triglyceride metabolism and atherosclerosis. In addition to free cholesterol, other surface components of TGRL, primarily phospholipids, are transferred to HDL during lipolysis. It remains indeterminate as to whether such transfer is linked to HDL-C and cardiovascular disease.Methods and resultsWhen TGRL was labelled with fluorescent phospholipid 1,1′-dioctadecyl-3,3,3′,3′-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate (DiI), time- and dose-dependent transfer of DiI to HDL was observed upon incubations with lipoprotein lipase (LPL). The capacity of HDL to acquire DiI was decreased by −36% (p<0.001) in low HDL-C patients with acute myocardial infarction (n = 22) and by -95% (p<0.001) in low HDL-C subjects with Tangier disease (n = 7), unchanged in low HDL-C patients with Type 2 diabetes (n = 17) and in subjects with high HDL-C (n = 20), and elevated in subjects with extremely high HDL-C (+11%, p<0.05) relative to healthy normolipidemic controls. Across all the populations combined, HDL capacity to acquire DiI was directly correlated with HDL-C (r = 0.58, p<0.001). No relationship of HDL capacity to acquire DiI with both overall and cardiovascular mortality obtained from epidemiological studies for the mean HDL-C levels observed in the studied populations was obtained.ConclusionsThese data indicate that the capacity of HDL to acquire phospholipid from TGRL upon LPL-mediated lipolysis is proportional to HDL-C and does not reflect cardiovascular risk in subjects widely differing in HDL-C levels
Morphological Study of Bacillus thuringiensis Crystals and Spores
No full textInternational audienceIn this paper, we report a morphological study of the crystals and spores of different shapes synthesized by seven different strains of Bacillus thuringiensis. Crystals and spores were separated after 48 h of culture on T3 agar medium and imaged under a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Sizes of the crystals and spores were determined using Image J software. The results showed that crystal and spore sizes were normally distributed. In addition, the volumes and aspect ratios of the crystals and spores were calculated. The statistical analysis of the data showed the variability of the size distribution and morphological data of the crystals produced by the analyzed strains. Furthermore, variations in spore size and shape within the same serovar were observed, indicating that, perhaps, there are still some unexplored differences between strains of this serovar, making them less identical than what was believed so far
Menaces et opportunités du télétravail
No full textInternational audienceDe nombreux ouvrages vont paraître pour traiter du télétravail. Toutefois, l'objectif de ce colloque est de donner la parole aux dirigeants, managers et collaborateurs qui ont vécu cette expérience du travail à distance lors de la crise récente. Cet ouvrage ouvre de nouvelles réflexions afin de mettre en valeur les expériences concrètes en vue de développer des propositions managériales socialement durables et économiquement supportables. Elles mettent en lumière les compétences, les pratiques innovantes et les impacts du management socioéconomique innovant. Cet ouvrage permet d'aborder les défis posés par le télétravail au sens large (droit du travail, les conditions de travail, productivité, cohésion..) dans les entreprises et les organisations. La 34e édition du Colloque d'Automne de l'ISEOR rassemble un large éventail d'acteurs concernés par les enjeux de la prospérité et du management comme source de création de valeur socio-économique et de développement humain : CNAM-Paris, CNRS, EM Lyon, European Institute for Advanced Studies in Management (IEASM) (Belgique), Fondation « Henri Savall-ISEOR », Iaelyon-Université Jean Moulin, Institut international de l'Audit Social et Académie de l'Éthique, Université de Balamand (Liban), Université de Caen, Université Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth (Liban), ainsi que Algoé, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Hôpital Avicienne, Hôpital de Fourvière, IFBTP Rhône-Alpes, LE Lyon Entreprises, Mairie de Carcassonne, Office du Tourisme Communautaire Cèze-Cévennes, Oxalis. L'ouvrage met aussi en évidence, par de nombreux témoignages internationaux de dirigeants, cadres d'entreprises industrielles, tertiaires et d'organisations de service public, l'efficacité et l'efficience du management socioéconomique, implanté avec succès depuis plus de 46 ans. Les témoins de ces actions innovantes sont représentés par : Ad'minima, AMGEN France, Artenchères, Assemblée Nationale, Bovamisi, Centre Hospitalier « Le Vinatier », CETAF, CFE-GGC, Comité de Gestion des OEuvres Sociales (C.G.O.S.), E. Leclerc Belfort, E. Leclerc Luçon, E. Leclerc St Gilles-Croix-de-Vie, Fondation Aigues Vertes (Suisse), Groupe Boubet, Groupe Ninkasi, PDE Provider SARL (Liban), Plages Arrière Architectes, SAS Cap 02, Savoie Volailles, SLB Médical, Streamline Consultancy (Liban). Le concept de management socio-économique, né en Europe, est largement publié aux États-Unis, où son originalité a été reconnue par l'Academy of Management
Binge eating among young adults: association with sociodemographic factors, nutritional intake, dietary -6:-3 ratio and impulsivity.
No full textInternational audienceBinge eating behaviour (BE) is the major symptom of binge eating disorder (BED). This study aimed to compare the nutritional intake in the presence or absence of BE, with a particular focus on dietary n-6:n-3 ratio, to assess the association between BE and impulsivity and the mediating effect of BMI on this association. A total of 450 university students (age 18-28 years) participated. The self-administered questionnaires were a semi-quantitative FFQ and the UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale and the binge eating scale. The average BE score was 11·6 (se 7·388), and 20 % of the total participants scored above the cut-off of 17, thus presenting BE with 95 % CI of 16·3, 23·7 %. Our study revealed that greater BMI, higher total energy intake, greater negative urgency and positive urgency scores were significantly associated with BE. Participants with high value of dietary n-6:n-3 ratio were 1·335 more at risk to present a BE compared with those with a lower value of this ratio (P = 0·017). The relationship between BE score and UPPS domains score was not mediated by the BMI. This is the first study reporting a link between high dietary n-6:n-3 ratio and BE as well as the fact that BE was linked to both, negative and positive urgencies, and that the association between BE and impulsivity was not mediated by BMI. These findings can help to deal more efficiently with people suffering from BE, a symptom that can precede the development of BED
Etude du processus pathologique des infections intestinales à Bacillus thuringiensis-Bacillus cereus sur le modèle drosophile
No full textInternational audienceBacillus thuringiensis ou Bt est la bactérie sporulante la plus largement utilisée en lutte biologique pour la protection des cultures. Bt n’est pas considéré comme pathogène pour l’homme, mais il appartient au groupe Bacillus cereus (sensu lato) qui inclut des bactéries responsables de toxi-infections alimentaires collectives. Son utilisation de plus en plus fréquente en agriculture accroit significativement le nombre de spores de cette bactérie dans l’environnement et dans notre alimentation. Ces spores sont hautement résistantes aux traitements classiques utilisés pour la stérilisation des aliments. Afin d'anticiper les problèmes sanitaires qu’une telle augmentation pourrait avoir sur des organismes non-cible et sur la santé humaine, notre projet de recherche consiste à étudier les conséquences d’une infection par les spores de différentes souches de Bt sur l’épithélium intestinal et à caractériser les mécanismes de défense mis en jeu lors de l’infection, en utilisant la drosophile comme organisme modèle
Étude des disfluences verbales touchant les différentes classes grammaticales chez des enfants libanais bilingues anglophones âgés de 5 à 7 ans
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Exposure to fine particulate matter and urticaria: an eco-epidemiological time-series analysis in Beirut
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PM2.5 characterization of primary and secondary organic aerosols in two urban-industrial areas in the East Mediterranean
No full textInternational audiencePrimary and secondary organic aerosols in PM 2.5 were investigated over a one-year campaign at Zouk Mikael and Fiaa, Lebanon. The n-alkanes concentrations were quite similar at both sites (26-29 ng/m 3) and mainly explained by anthropogenic emissions rather than natural ones. The concentrations of total Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) were nearly three times higher at Zouk Mikael (2.56 ng/m 3) compared to Fiaa (0.95 ng/m 3), especially for indeno[1,2,3-c,d]pyrene linked to the presence of the power plant. A characteristic indeno[1,2,3-c,d]pyrene/(indeno[1,2,3-c,d]pyrene + benzo[g,h,i]perylene) ratio in the range 0.8-1.0 was determined for heavy fuel oil combustion from the power plant. Fatty acids and hopanes were also investigated and were assigned to cooking activities and vehicular emissions respectively. Phthalates were identified for the first time in Lebanon with high concentrations at Zouk and Fiaa (106.88 and 97.68 ng/m 3 respectively). Moreover, the biogenic secondary aerosols revealed higher concentrations in summer. The total terpene concentration varied between 131 ng/m 3 at Zouk Mikael in winter to 469 ng/m 3 at Fiaa in summer. Additionnally, the concentrations of the dicarboxylic acids especially for adipic and phthalic acids were more influenced by anthropogenic sources.The analysis of molecular markers and diagnostic ratios indicated that the sites were strongly affected by anthropogenic sources such as waste open burning, diesel private generators, cooking activities, road transport, power plant, and industrial emissions. Moreover, results showed different pattern during winter and summer seasons. Whereas, higher concentrations of biogenic markers were clearly encountered during the summer period
ARIA‐EAACI care pathways for allergen immunotherapy in respiratory allergy
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Association of insomnia with mania in Lebanese patients with bipolar disorder
No full textInternational audienceObjective: To assess: (1) the association between insomnia experienced at admission, sociodemographic and other patients' characteristics and mania; and (2) the variation of insomnia and mania before and after treatment in bipolar patients with manic episodes (type I).Methods: Sixty-two patients were interviewed shortly after their admission to the hospital (after 3 to 5 days). The current symptoms experienced by the patients were assessed upon admission and again at discharge from the hospital.Results: A poorer quality of sleep (higher PSQI scores) (Beta=0.590) was significantly associated with higher mania, whereas the intake of SSRIs (Beta=-5.952) and TCAs (Beta=-8.181) was significantly associated with lower mania. Furthermore, highly significant reductions were reported in the PSQI scores (4.96 vs. 2.75, P<0.001), ISI scores (8.30 vs. 3.45, P<0.001) and YMRS scores (8.60 vs. 3.06, P<0.001) between admission to and discharge from the hospital.Conclusion: Insomnia in patients with bipolar disorder type I is associated with mania, with a significant reduction of sleep problems seen during a period of approximately 20 days of hospitalization. Further longitudinal studies are needed to confirm the validity of our results and identify the causes. In the meantime, this research recommends a strategy to improve sleeplessness experienced during inter-episode phases may be helpful in preventing manic episodes in BD