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Dépistage des troubles cognitifs chez les bilingues : quelle est l’influence de la langue d’évaluation ?
No full textInternational audienceIntroductionL’impact du bilinguisme sur l’évaluation cognitive reste peu exploré. Cette étude explore la sensibilité du Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) [1], [2] comme outil de dépistage pour les bilingues, en examinant spécifiquement l’influence du choix de la langue auprès de bilingues libanais équilibrés et non équilibrés (arabe-français) et ses implications sur le diagnostic des troubles cognitifs.ObjectifsÉvaluer l’impact de la langue sur la sensibilité du MMSE dans le dépistage des troubles cognitifs, en particulier chez les patients atteints de la maladie d’Alzheimer (MA) présentant différents sous-types de bilinguisme.Matériel et méthodeQuatre-vingt-treize contrôles sains bilingues (âge moyen = 67,99 ± 9,3) et 29 patients atteints de la MA (âge moyen = 77,2 ± 5,9), incluant 26 avec une démence légère et 3 avec une démence modérée, ont subi des évaluations avec le MMSE en arabe et en français.RésultatsLes résultats montrent une variabilité de la sensibilité du MMSE [1], [2] selon la langue utilisée et le type de bilinguisme. Pour les bilingues non équilibrés, l’utilisation de la langue dominante a augmenté la sensibilité, tandis que pour les bilingues équilibrés, l’utilisation de la langue majoritaire a été plus efficace.Discussion et conclusionL’étude souligne le rôle crucial du choix de la langue dans l’évaluation cognitive pour les bilingues. La sensibilité du MMSE est influencée par la sélection de la langue, avec des implications cliniques pour les procédures de dépistage
A Multinational Study on the Mediating Effect of TikTok Addiction Between Psychological Distress and Academic Self-Efficacy Among University Students
No full textInternational audienceWith the rapid rise in TikTok usage among youth, concerns regarding its addictive usage and impact on mental health and academic performance have emerged. The present study was undertaken to evaluate whether TikTok addiction mediates the relationship between psychological distress (depression and anxiety) and academic self-efficacy (ASE) of Arab university students. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 3257 university students in Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, Palestine, and Oman. Students completed validated Arabic translations of measures of our variables of interest. Mediation analyses were carried out using the PROCESS macro in SPSS, after adjusting for relevant covariates. TikTok addiction significantly mediated the relationship between psychological distress and ASE. Specifically, it partially mediated the link of anxiety (indirect effect: Beta = - 0.28 (indicating a moderate negative association); Boot SE = 0.04; Boot 95% CI - 0.35, - 0.20) and depression (indirect effect: Beta = - 0.28 (indicating a moderate negative association); Boot SE = 0.04; Boot 95% CI - 0.35, - 0.20) to ASE. Higher depression and anxiety were significantly associated with higher TikTok addiction, and higher TikTok addiction was significantly associated with lower ASE. In addition, higher depression and anxiety were significantly and directly associated with lower ASE. Conversely, when TikTok addiction was modeled as the independent variable, both anxiety (indirect effect: Beta = - 0.05; Boot SE = 0.01; 95% CI - 0.08; - 0.03) and depression (indirect effect: Beta = - 0.05; Boot SE = 0.01; 95% CI - 0.08; - 0.03) mediated its negative association with ASE. Problematic TikTok use and psychological distress appear to reinforce one another in diminishing students' academic confidence. This reciprocal mediation highlights a harmful cycle in which TikTok addiction and internalizing symptoms jointly erode ASE. Interventions targeting social media addiction could enhance students' academic functioning and well-being in Arab university settings
Experimental Design Approach for Modeling Acid-Catalyzed IVDV Pretreatment of Hemp Hurds (Cannabis sativa L.): Structural Modification Assessments
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Barycentremetry, spine disorders, posture and motion analysis
No full textInternational audiencePurpose of the research: Prevention of spine disorders and their management require better understanding of related biomechanical issues. While tremendous progress has been performed for musculoskeletal modelling of the spine, subject specific modelling of the gravitational loads and their effects on the spine is still an issue. Recently, 3D reconstruction of the skeleton from biplanar head to feet X-rays in erect position has been completed by the external body envelope. An approach named “barycentremetry” based on density models to estimate the mass and centre of mass of each body segment, yielding a force plate less estimation of the gravity line, together with the estimation of the gravitational loads and the associated lever arm at each vertebral level.Principal results: Due to vertebral pose, gravitational loads effect on intervertebral disc shows wide variation. Studies exploring barycentremetry clinical relevance were analysed, particularly for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, adult spinal deformities and osteoporosis. They progressively yield a better comprehension of the potential vicious circles linking postural disorder to increase of spine loads to increase of postural disorder.Barycentremetry was also explored within gait and motion analysis research, allowing to estimate subject specific body segments inertial parameters for patient specific dynamic analysis. Indeed, 3D musculoskeletal modelling of posture and motion could benefit from subject specific dynamic analysis based on barycentremetry.Major conclusions: Such approaches progressively provide a better understanding of the stability of this complex system and compensation strategies that could be useful for early detection of disorders that are responsible of a biomechanical cascad
Création, transmission et réception : le cinéma durant la guerre civile libanaise (1975-1990)
No full textInternational audienceHow can we talk about the Lebanese civil war without confronting head-on the question of historical writing? The “Creation, transmission and reception: cinema during the Lebanese civil war (1975-1990)” study day proposes an answer: through cinema. In the absence of a Lebanese national history of the 1975-1990 war that ravaged the country, films provide an alternative memory. The day was punctuated by three major questions, each raised in a dedicated panel. Firstly, the reconsideration of the official chronology of the conflict, with some films attesting to a war that began before 1975. Secondly, the contribution of women filmmakers, whose perspective helps to deconstruct a patriarchal vision of history. Finally, the analysis of the censorship’s role and the decolonial aesthetic that emerged during this period. To conclude, a round-table discussion addressed the contemporary issues of preservation and distribution of Lebanese cinema by private associations, in the absence of government action, to keep alive this visual memory essential to understanding Lebanese history.Comment évoquer, et parler, de la guerre civile libanaise sans aborder frontalement la question de l’écriture historique ? La journée d’études « Création, transmission et réception : le cinéma durant la guerre civile libanaise (1975-1990) » propose une réponse : à travers le cinéma. Face à l’absence d’une histoire nationale libanaise sur la guerre de 1975-1990 qui a ravagé le pays, les films constituent une mémoire alternative. La journée fut ponctuée par trois grandes interrogations, soulevées chacune dans un panel dédié. Tout d’abord, la reconsidération de la chronologie officielle du conflit, certains films attestant d’une guerre débutée avant 1975. Ensuite, la contribution des femmes cinéastes, dont le regard permet de déconstruire une vision patriarcale de l’histoire. Enfin, l’analyse du rôle de la censure et l’esthétique décoloniale qui a émergé durant cette époque. Pour finir, une table ronde ouvrit sur des enjeux contemporains de conservation et de diffusion du cinéma libanais par des associations privées, faute d’action gouvernementale, pour maintenir vivante cette mémoire visuelle essentielle à la compréhension de l’histoire libanaise.PlanL’impossible écriture de l’histoire du Liban ?Le cinéma libanais : d’un cinéma de divertissement à un cinéma engagéVers un cinéma de guerre : l’histoire du Liban « en direct »Histoire de luttes : un cinéma au féminin ?Esthétique militante du cinéma libanaisLe cinéma libanais aujourd’hu
Is there such a thing as emergency ethics in psychiatry? A cross-analysis of interventional cardiology and surgery
No full textInternational audienceBackground Many patients admitted to general emergency departments (EDs) have a pattern of drinking that could lead to future alcohol-related complications. However, it is often difficult to screen these patients in the context of emergency. The aim of this study is to analyze whether reasons for admission could help to screen patients who have an unhealthy alcohol use. Method Patients were recruited among six public hospital ED in France, between 2012 and 2014. During a one-month period in each hospital, anonymous questionnaires including sociodemographic questions, AUDIT-C and RAPS4-QF were administered to each patients visiting the ED. The reason for admission of each patient was noted at the end of their questionnaire by the ED practitioner. Results Ten thousand Four hundred twenty-one patients were included in the analysis. Patients who came to the ED for injuries and mental disorders were more likely to report unhealthy alcohol use than non-harmful use or no use. Among male patients under 65 years old admitted to the ED for a mental disorder, 24.2% drank more than four drinks (40 g ethanol) in typical day at least four time a week in the last 12 months. Among these patients, 79.7% reported daily or almost daily heavy episodic drinking (HED, 60 g ethanol), and all were positive on the RAPS4-QF. Conclusion This study highlights that unhealthy alcohol use is frequent among ED patients and particularly among those who come for injuries or mental disorders. Men under 65 years old with a mental disorder require special attention because of their increased prevalence of daily or almost daily HED
Late Glacial to Holocene Stalagmite-Based Paleoclimate Record of Mountainous Environments in the Northern Levant: Insights from Qadisha Cave, Western Flank of Mount Lebanon
No full textInternational audienceThe Eastern Mediterranean region, due to its geographical context on the arid/semi-arid boundary and its steep topography, is highly sensitive to hydroclimatic changes and therefore identified as a major climate hotspot by the IPCC’s Sixth Assessment Report. The region hosts mature karstic landscapes which offers numerous natural archives for assessing past climates and environments. Particularly, paleoclimate studies based on vadose carbonate cave deposits have enable high-resolution reconstructions of paleoclimates at both local and regional scales, especially for the Late Glacial and the Holocene.However, the majority of speleothems originate from low-altitude environments, mainly from sites in the southern Levant. First, recent publications (Cheng et al., 2015) highlight discrepancies in paleoclimatic trends between the south and the north during the same period. Second, the available regional records cannot adequately reflect changes affecting mountainous areas, since high-altitude environments are more vulnerable to hydroclimatic variations.To address this knowledge gap, speleothems from Qadisha Cave, located on the western flanks of Mt. Lebanon (1720 m a.s.l.), have been studied with the aim of reconstructing paleoclimate trends since the Late Glacial. Three stalagmites (Qad3, Qad4, and Qad5), collected in 2014 and 2023, have been analyzed and dated, covering a period from 13,000 to 6,000 years BP. Variations in δ¹⁸O and δ¹³C along the growth axes (sampled at 1 mm resolution) are being investigated together with speleothem growth rates in order to evaluate climate variability in terms of general trends in humidity and soil activity during this time interval.The purpose of this poster is therefore to present the first insights from the ongoing research: composite isotopic curves and their potential paleoclimatic interpretation at a local geographic scale, considered in light of the current understanding of the regional paleoclimatic significance of calcite δ¹⁸O in Mount Lebanon (Cheng et al., 2015; Nehme et al., 2023), the paleoenvironmental significance of δ¹³C in mid-latitudes (Genty et al., 2003), as well as within the geographical context of Mount Lebanon during the Holocene (Nader et al., 2007), and, finally, the assessment of the cave environment together with the study of recent calcite (the current study and Nehme et al., 2019)
Environmental aldehydes exposure and the health implications among a cohort of traffic police in Lebanon
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Risk, reward and private equity’s billion-dollar play
No full textInternational audiencePurpose This study examines Private equity (PE) investments in emerging markets, with a specific focus on the Middle East. It explores how market fundamentals, risk environment, cultural perceptions and governance transparency influence PE growth, applying a theory-driven approach. Design/methodology/approach A quantitative research design was employed, collecting survey data from 250 PE firms operating across 17 Middle Eastern countries. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the impact of key economic and institutional factors on PE expansion. Findings The results indicate that strong market fundamentals and a stable risk environment positively influence PE growth. Conversely, cultural perceptions, lack of transparency and weak governance structures hinder investment expansion. The study also finds variations in PE growth drivers across different countries and sectors. Research limitations/implications Findings are limited to the Middle East, and further research is needed to test these relationships in other emerging markets. Practical implications Policymakers should enhance transparency and governance structures, while PE firms should adapt investment strategies based on cultural and economic differences. Social implications Encouraging regulatory reforms and governance improvements can foster inclusive economic growth through PE investments. Originality/value This research enhances the understanding of PE growth dynamics in emerging markets by integrating economic, cultural and governance factors into a unified analytical framework. It extends the Theory of Planned Behavior to investment decision-making in PE