HAL de l'Université Paris-Panthéon-Assas
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Estimating the Electoral Consequences of Legislative Redistricting in France
No full textInternational audienceWe study in this paper the influence that redistricting can have on the result of elections. First, we propose a definition of diversity of the distribution of legal electoral maps of a state, to capture the gerrymandering potential; then, for a specific electoral map of a state, we propose a definition of outliers (positive outlier or negative outlier with respect to a given political party), to identify the states where the electoral map ought to be audited.We apply this approach to the French system, that has legal constraints very different from the U.S., much more granular and much less balanced. We first show that despite the legal constraints, there is some large diversity of maps, and as a consequence it is possible to draw the maps in order to favor one specific party in the aggregate (over all states). Then, we show that many states are positive or negative outliers, with a large imbalance between different parties. This calls for a specific audit of redistricting in those states, to examine whether the current map is indeed drawn in a way to advantage or disadvantage some party.This is the first computer study of gerrymandering potential in France
JIAMCATT 2025 in Geneva: efficient machines for healthy minds?
No full textAt the 2025 JIAMCATT meeting, which had the theme of "Minds & Machines: Solving the Quality Puzzle", the need for systems in which human expertise and machine capabilities work together to enhance quality while addressing specific constraints was emphasised. Professionals were encouraged to "design frameworks for the future that foster innovation, foresight and resilience, while supporting skill development and teamwork". JIAMCATT (the International Annual Meeting on Computer-Assisted Translation and Terminology) provides its participants with a forum for debate and the exchange of expertise and cooperation
Du témoignage en ligne à la formation d’un contre-public: Le mouvement des Gilets jaunes et sa critique des médias
No full textInternational audienceDrawing on a case study of the Gilets jaune’s (‘Yellow Vests’) reaction to the media coverage they received, this article examines how the movement became an online counter-public. To understand the driving forces behind this process, the research presented here is based on fieldwork combining observation of Facebook spaces linked to the movement, and semi-structured interviews. The analysis shows firstly that the publications circulating online maintained a continuity with the experience of the rallies, in terms of both the narration of events and the emotions experienced. In addition to this ability to resonate with the activists’ experience, there was the construction of a framework that identified the movement’s opponents, based on a shared sense of justice and a denunciation of the way in which the mainstream media operated. This study thus documents the coalition of activists around a shared experience that served as the basis for the construction of a political discourse.L’article propose de revenir sur la constitution du mouvement des Gilets jaunes en contre-public en ligne, en prenant pour cas d’étude sa réaction à la couverture médiatique dont il a été l’objet. Afin de comprendre les ressorts de ce processus, la recherche présentée s’appuie sur un terrain croisant une observation d’espaces Facebook liés au mouvement avec des entretiens semi-directifs. L’analyse montre d’abord que les publications ayant circulé en ligne ont entretenu une continuité avec l’expérience des rassemblements, tant sur le plan de la narration des événements que sur celui des émotions éprouvées. À cette capacité à entrer en résonance avec le vécu des militants, s’ajoute la construction d’un cadrage identifiant les adversaires du mouvement, sur la base de l’explicitation d’un sens commun de la justice et d’une dénonciation du fonctionnement des médias dominants. Cette étude permet ainsi de documenter la coalition de militants autour d’un vécu partagé qui sert de base à la construction d’un discours politique
Une sociologue européenne
No full textInternational audienceDans cet hommage à Dominique Pasquier, Josiane Jouët évoque leurs recherches en collaboration et les écueils auxquels elles ont dû faire face
Advisory algorithms, automation bias and liability rules
No full textWe study the design of optimal liability sharing rules when the use of an AI prediction by a human user may cause external damage. To do so, we set up a game-theoretic model in which an AI manufacturer chooses the level of accuracy with which an AI is developed (which increases the reliability of its prediction) and the price at which it is distributed. The user then decides whether to buy the AI. The AI’s prediction gives a signal about the state of the world, while the user chooses her effort to discover the payoffs in each possible state of the world. The user may be susceptible to an automation bias that leads her to overestimate the algorithm’s accuracy (overestimation bias). In the absence of an automation bias, we find that full user liability is optimal. However, when the user is prone to an overestimation bias, increasing the share of liability borne by the AI manufacturer can be beneficial for two reasons. First, it reduces the rent that the AI manufacturer can extract by exploiting the user’s overestimation bias by underinvesting or overinvesting in the AI accuracy. Second, due to the nature of the interaction between algorithm accuracy and the user effort, the user may be incentivized to increase her (too low) judgment effort
Détermination de la compétence internationale : la ligne de partage entre le légal et le contractuel
No full textInternational audience(Civ. 1re, 12 mars 2025, no 23-22.051, publié au Bulletin ; D. 2025. 1107, note H. Sawadogo ; ibid. 2115, obs. Centre de droit économique et du développement Yves Serra (EA no 4216)
