HAL de l'Université Paris-Panthéon-Assas
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« Contrôle coercitif » et expérimentation d'une « chambre des violences intrafamiliales » à la cour d'appel de Poitiers
No full textInternational audienc
La divagation d'animaux dangereux, ou pour une obligation particulière de sécurité non circonstanciée
No full textInternational audience(Crim. 1er oct. 2024, no 23-83.421, publié au Bulletin
La juridicisation de l'Église. Chanoines séculiers et droit canonique (1070-1130)
No full textInternational audienceThe twelfth century represents a pivotal era in the legal history of the Western world. Beginning in the 1140s, the academic study of Roman and canon law began to flourish, notably in Bologna and other centres. The emergence of this scholastic tradition is traditionally attributed to two primary causes: a political impetus provided by the Gregorian Reformation and a textual revival marked by the rediscovery of Justinian's compilations of Roman law.Charles de Miramon presents an alternative explanation for the development of learned law, attributing it to the legalization of the Church between 1070 and 1130, that is to say, the growth of the legal sphere in the functioning of ecclesiastical institutions. This rapid legalization was closely linked to the emergence of secular clerics, in particular the canons of cathedrals and collegiate churches.In order to establish the links between secular clerics and legalization, it is necessary to study the individual and collective values of clerics, as well as to search for a theory of legal language and its application in practice. It was particularly in clerical meetings, a new institution for managing clerical colleges, that this new language was employed to resolve the many disputes, both significant and trivial, that structured the existence of these groups. Moreover, canonical collections evolved to meet the needs of this new clerical readership. From the Loire to the Rhine, and across the Thames, secular canons served as a fertile ground for the legalization of the West.Une scansion majeure de l'histoire juridique de l'Occident se place au XIIe siècle. Vers les années 1140 se développe à Bologne, puis ailleurs, un enseignement savant de droit romain et canonique. Comment expliquer cette nouveauté ? Il est d'usage d'y voir la conséquence de deux causes : un facteur politique – la Réforme grégorienne – et un facteur textuel – la redécouverte des collections justiniennes de droit romain.Charles de Miramon propose une autre explication du développement du droit savant. Il faut en trouver la cause dans la juridicisation de l'Église entre 1070 et 1130, c'est-à-dire la croissance de la sphère juridique dans le fonctionnement des institutions ecclésiastiques. Cette rapide juridicisation est étroitement liée avec l'émergence des clercs séculiers, en particulier des chanoines des cathédrales et collégiales.L'enquête sur les liens qui se nouent entre les clercs séculiers et le droit passe par une étude des valeurs individuelles et collectives des clercs, et par la recherche d'une théorie du langage juridique et de sa mise en pratique. C'est en particulier dans les réunions cléricales, une institution nouvelle de gestion des collèges cléricaux, que ce nouveau langage est mobilisé pour aborder les nombreux litiges, petits ou grands, qui structurent l'existence de ces collectifs. Enfin, les collections canoniques s'adaptent à ce nouveau lectorat de clercs. De la Loire, au Rhin, en passant par la Tamise, les chanoines séculiers nourrissent le terreau fertile de la juridicisation de l'Occident
Le monstre de Frankenstein, ou quand la fiducie se retourne contre son créateur
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Why Hours Worked Decline Less after Technological Shocks?: CRED WORKING PAPER 2025-05
No full textThe contractionary effect of technology shocks on hours gradually vanishes over time in OECD countries. To rationalize the decline in hours and its disappearance, we use a VAR-based decomposition of technology shocks into symmetric and asymmetric technology improvements. While hours decline dramatically when technology improves at the same rate across sectors, hours significantly increase when technology improvements occur at different rates. Because they are primarily driven by symmetric technology improvements, permanent technology shocks drive down total hours. Such a decline progressively vanishes due to the growing importance of asymmetric technology shocks. To reach these two conclusions, we simulate a two-sector model which can reproduce the contractionary effect on hours once the economy is internationally open and we allow for production factors' mobility costs, factor-biased technological change, and home bias. To account for the vanishing decline in hours, we have to let the share of asymmetric technology shocks increase over time
Π-NeSy: A Possibilistic Neuro-Symbolic Approach
No full textIn this article, we introduce a neuro-symbolic approach that combines a low-level perception task performed by a neural network with a high-level reasoning task performed by a possibilistic rule-based system. The goal is to be able to derive for each input instance the degree of possibility that it belongs to a target (meta-)concept. This (meta-)concept is connected to intermediate concepts by a possibilistic rule-based system. The probability of each intermediate concept for the input instance is inferred using a neural network. The connection between the low-level perception task and the high-level reasoning task lies in the transformation of neural network outputs modeled by probability distributions (through softmax activation) into possibility distributions.The use of intermediate concepts is valuable for the explanation purpose: using the rule-based system, the classification of an input instance as an element of the (meta-)concept can be justified by the fact that intermediate concepts have been recognized.From the technical side, our contribution consists of the design of efficient methods for defining the matrix relation and the equation system associated with a possibilistic rule-based system. The corresponding matrix and equation are key data structures used to perform inferences from a possibilistic rule-based system and to learn the values of the rule parameters in such a system according to a training data sample. Furthermore, leveraging recent results on the handling of inconsistent systems of fuzzy relational equations, an approach for learning rule parameters according to multiple training data samples is presented. Experiments carried out on the MNIST addition problems and the MNIST Sudoku puzzles problems highlight the effectiveness of our approach compared with state-of-the-art neuro-symbolic ones
Spilling-Cascade: an Optimal PKE Combiner for KEM Hybridization
No full textInternational audienceHybrid Post-Quantum cryptography is a cautious approach that aims to guard against the threat posed by the quantum computer, through the simultaneous use of Post-Quantum (PQ) and classical (i.e. pre-quantum) cryptosystems, should the post-quantum schemes used prove insecure. Regarding the hybridization of Key Encapsulation Mechanisms (KEMs), most recent studies focus on safely combining the symmetric keys output by a parallel execution of classical and Post-Quantum KEMs. While this architecture is straightforward, it appears to lack bandwidth optimization. Hence, we propose a novel method for hybridizing several KEMs more effectively, by combining the underlying Public-Key Encryption schemes (PKEs) in an innovative variant of the cascade composition that we call "spilling-cascade", before turning the hybrid PKE into a KEM with a FO transformation. We prove that this architecture constitutes a robust combiner for encryption schemes up to IND-CPA security, which permits to eventually generate an IND-CCA-secure KEM. In terms of performance, our spilling-cascade scheme has a better communication cost than the commonly used parallel combination, with a bandwidth gain of its ciphertext that ranges from 2.8% to 13 % compared to the latter, depending on the number and the characteristics of the PKEs that are combined. Moreover, we prove that for given PKEs to hybridize, the ciphertext communication cost of the spilling-cascade is optimal
A formal approach for scalable applications in dynamic and constrained IoT-Cloud systems
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The Nobel Journey of an Economics Detective: Finding Gold in Gender Data
No full textInternational audienceOn October 9, 2023, Claudia Goldin received the Nobel Prize in Economics for her detective-like research on women’s labor market outcomes. Her meticulous analysis of data and surveys uncovered critical insights to explain gender differences in labor force participation, earnings gaps, and educational attainment. She has dramatically advanced our understanding of gender inequality