Afe Babalola University Based Journals
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An Analytical Study of Modupeola Fadugba’s Paintings
No full textModern Nigerian art emerged through formal and informal training: formal art training includes the artistic knowledge acquired within the four walls of classrooms. Informal art training, on the other hand includes apprenticeship and self-taught systems. Self-taught artists have no known masters, but are naturally talented. The paper focuses on Modupeola Fadugba, a female self-taught painter. It adopted qualitative research design, using historical and descriptive approaches to discuss Fadugba’s paintings with particular emphasis on her background, style, theme and media. It was discovered that Fadugba is a realistic painter whose major theme is agitation. Through her works, she agitated for better condition for Nigerian women who have always been at the receiving end of cultural, political and social impediment in the country
Linguistic Features and Symbolic Communication in Àgídìgbo Music of the Yorùbá of Southwestern Nigeria
Get PDFMusic and language are inseparable, their relationship manifests in various contexts. Àgídìgbo music is one of the traditional music through which Yorùbá language is expressed and preserved because musicians usually deploy certain linguistic elements and communication devices in navigating their artistic creativity. Existing studies on music have not sufficiently examined how language, text and interpretation make sense in àgídìgbo music. This paper therefore, examined how language, text and interpretation in àgídìgbo music are used in express linguistic features, symbolic communication and nuances in African language. Ethnographic design was used and a purposive sampling technique was deployed to select three notable àgídìgbo exponents in Èrúwà (Oyo state), Abeòkúta (Ogun state) and Ìwó (Osun state) all in southwest Nigeria where àgídìgbo music performance is prevalent. Observation and In-depth interviews were employed as methods of data collection during social ceremonies of the key informants. Musical excerpts were recorded from live performances and data were subjected to content analyses. The findings revealed that the linguistic elements used in àgídìgbo music were proverbs and figures of speech such as hyperbole, metaphors, simile, fable, parables, repetition and digression clearly expressed communication device and nuances in Yorùbá language. The versatility and musical prowess of àgídìgbo musicians are not only measured by their virtuosity on the instrument but also by their ability to use the right and appropriate language elements such as òwe and other figures of speech in driving home their points thereby making àgídìgbo music to serve as repository for future generation
Retracing African Moral Values and Balancing Afro-Pop Music
Get PDFThis study examines the complex relationship between Afro Pop music and traditional African moral values. Through a critical analysis of lyrics, music videos, and artist interviews, this research investigates how Afro-Pop’s increasing commercialization and global influence affects its representation of African cultural norms. The study combines a mixed-methods approach with content analysis and surveys to interrogate the data samples of 16 collected Afro-pop songs. A riveting exposition of respect and modesty versus vulgarity and profanity was juxtaposed to reposition and validate the status of African morality through the festering of Afro Pop Music. The study contributes to the ongoing debates on cultural globalisation, African identity, and the role of music in shaping moral values
Appraisal of the Propping Potential of Luwa Sand in Nigeria for Hydraulic Fracturing Applications
Get PDFNatural sands made of spherical and round grains are widely used as proppants during hydraulic fracturing to increase recovery rate of hydrocarbon production. Synthetic proppants with high crush strength are employed for deep reservoir fracturing; however, this type of proppants suffer the disadvantages of high density, high cost and pose environmental hazards. This research was conducted with the aim to assess sands collected from Luwa River in Toro, Bauchi state of Nigeria for possible use as natural sand proppants. An epoxy resin-coated sand was produced using a simple method to modify the sands’ properties. A series of experiments were conducted in accordance with API recommended practice to determine the propping potential of the sand and the resin coated sand. The result from sieve analysis of 20/40 mesh size of Luwa sand revealed a mean size of 625.2 microns (0.625 mm). An X-ray fluorescence (XRF) result showed the presence of aluminosilicates (Al2O3 and SiO2) composition in Luwa sands. The sands recorded a hardness of 8 on the Mohs scale. Analysis of the shape parameters for sphericity and roundness was 0.8 and 0.8 (Krumbein-Sloss) respectively; it has bulk density of 1.64 g/cm3, acid solubility of 0.7% and 4.32% for the resin-coated sand. The sand has turbidity value of 28.98 NTU, loss on ignition in the range of 1.33% to 1.64% and crush resistance varies between 2000-3000 psi for Luwa sand and 4000-5000 psi for the coated sand. A comparison of the experimental results with API standard and conventional Ottawa and Brady models showed the sand competes favourably with these standards in all parameters for consideration as a proppant except for the crush resistance where more than 10% fragments was generated at low pressure of 3000 psi. However, the sand can be applied in shallow depth reservoirs
Investigation of Mild Carbon Steel Immersed in Jatropha Biodiesel Fuel: Spectroscopic and Surface Studies
Get PDFThe use of renewable energy fuels in the automobile industry has seen progressive interest and increased research in recent times. Different types of steel alloys have been considered as materials in the construction of the fuel delivery and storage systems of the automobile engines which are conduit for passage of these biofuels to the specific engine combustion chamber. The nature of the interactions between the surface of the mild steel alloy and the specific biodiesel molecules needs to be interrogated to ascertain the extent and degree of biodiesel activity-induced corrosion. In this study, FTIR, UV-Vis spectrometry and optical microscopy techniques were used to elucidate on the biodiesel molecule-mild steel surface interphase interactions. UV-Vis investigation revealed pronounced peaks around 900 nm and 1050 nm consistent with signals due to poly-unsaturated components of the biodiesel. FTIR analysis showed peaks around 1700 cm-1 which indicated the presence of C=O and C-O functional groups that is associated with triglycerides. Peak signals around 2950 cm-1 are attributed to anti-symmetric and symmetric stretching vibration of C-H in CH2 and CH3 while peaks around 1150 cm-1 indicated the stretching vibration of C-O ester. The results revealed jatropha biodiesel-induce corrosion was physically adsorbed on the steel surface leading to surface degradation over time and were evident in the optical surface micrographs which were equally supported by the FTIR and UV-Vis analyses. Thus, carbon steel alloy material selection and testing to ascertain compatibility and effectiveness is vital when biodiesel is to be used as fuel in automobile engines
AN ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF ICT IN CREATING AWARENESS OF GENDER EQUALITY AMONG ST YOUTHS IN SOME SELECTED DISTRICTS WITHIN ABUJA MUNICIPAL AREA COUNCIL (AMAC), NIGERIA.
Get PDFGender equality has emerged as a paramount focus for the international community since the dawn of the 21st century. This critical issue, prominently featured in the United Nations Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) continues to be a cornerstone of the current Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), with countries worldwide striving to achieve gender parity by 2030. In Nigeria, efforts to address gender disparities have gained momentum in recent years. Nigeria's National Gender Policy, adopted in 2006 and revised in 2021, aims to eliminate discriminatory practices across various sectors. Some progress has been made in areas such as increasing girls' access to education and improving women's representation in governance. Despite efforts to bridge the gender gaps, gender inequality persists. The study assessed the role of Information Communication Technologies (ICTs) in shaping the perceptions of young people on gender equality, in selected districts within Abuja Municipal Area Council (AMAC). The study adopted the survey method with a questionnaire as the instrument of data collection. The study sampled 100 youths aged 15-40. Findings reveal that youths are very familiar with the concept of gender equality which promotes equal rights and opportunities for all genders. The study also found that Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram are the most effective ICT platforms for gender equality awareness. However, there exists the challenge of misinformation about gender issues, and difficulty in verifying information sources. The study recommends the need for the Nigerian government to further invest in digital infrastructure, and the integration of ICT in formal education to enhance gender equality awareness among youths
Comparative Analysis of the Antibacterial Activity of Ethanolic and Silver Nitrate synthesized Extract of Mango Leaf and Bark against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus from Clinical Samples
Get PDFBackground/Aim: Nano-sized particles are recently being explored to improve delivery and efficacy of various medicinal. This study aims to determine the antibacterial activity of the leaf and bark of Mangifera indica against two selected clinical isolates (Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus). Materials and Methods: The active constituents from the powdered leaf and bark was extracted via use of ethanol (70%). Silver nanoparticles were prepared by green synthesis technique using Mangifera indica (Mango leaf and bark) while UV–Vis spectroscopy was used for its characterization. Antibacterial profile of the isolates with standard antibiotics as well as the antibacterial activity of the plant extracts was determined using disk and agar diffusion method. Results: The results showed that the bark and leaf extracts of M. indica had significant antibacterial activity against the isolates when compared to standard antibiotics such as Cloxacillin, Augmentin, Ceftraroline and Ceftriazone while Ofloxacine had highest activity of 20 mm and 23 mm for S. aureus and E. coli respectively. Ethanol extracts showed highest inhibition at 23mm (bark) and 15mm (leaf). The band energy of the synthesized nanoparticle was calculated as 393 nm from UV–Vis, which confirmed the Ag nanoparticles. The AgNo3 displayed significant antibacterial activity against E. coli (10mm) and S. aureus (13mm). The result indicated that the AgNo3 antibacterial activity was higher against S. aureus than against E. coli. Conclusion: This study reveals significant antibacterial activity of crude mango leaf and bark extract as well as silver nanoparticle against the clinical isolates in comparison to some standard antibiotics. Further study on the extraction of the bioactive agent in the plant is required to provide a variety of novel components for drug discovery
Hetero-Alkali Catalyst for Production of Biodiesel from Domesticated Waste: (Used Waste oil)
Get PDFBiodiesel, a fuel derived from renewable sources, has garnered significant attention from energy researchers over the past two decades as a clean alternative to diesel fuel. This increased interest can be attributed to the alarming impact of climate change caused by the use of traditional diesel fuel. This paper focuses on showcasing the qualities of biodiesel produced from used waste oil and the positive impact on the alarming change in climate today. The observable characteristics of used waste oil for the synthesis of biodiesel in the presence of an ethanolic CaO-K2 O-SiO2 base catalyst created from leftover palm kernel empty bunches was rigorously explored in this study. The catalyst obtained from Palm Kernel Bunch Stem (PKBS) was characterized using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Extended RangeSpectroscopy - Flame Photometry (XRS-FP), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analyzer (BET) isothermal adsorption and qualitative analysis. Reusability of catalyst and economic evaluation of the synthesized biodiesel were also evaluated. The quality of the Oil was identified through standard techniques by examining its physicochemical characteristics as well as other elements. According to the findings, the improved Used Waste Oil (UWO) characteristics met the specifications for oil required to produce biodiesel. The Used Waste Oil’s physicochemical properties included the oil’s physical condition as liquid/dark brownish at 28, acid value of 0.96 (mg KOH/g oil), FFA (% oleic acid), 0.48, iodine value of 152.00 (I2g/100g), and peroxide value of 5.1 milli-equivalent of peroxide/kg of oil, among others. The obtained catalyst demonstrated high basic strength with potassium oxide (61.63 wt/%) being the predominant component. At run 5 with 98.52 (%wt /wt), 65 minutes reaction time, 4.0 (%wt) catalyst amount, reaction temperature of 70 , and a 7:1 ethanol to oil ratio produced the highest biodiesel yield. The study concluded that, UWO can possibly be utilized as an economically benign feedstock for the production of biodiesel, and the resultant catalyst could potentially be employed in industries as bio-base
Effect of Education and Health Infrastructure on Industrial Sector Performance:: Empirical Evidence from Nigerian Economy
Get PDFThe purpose of this study is to empirically examine the impact of education and health infrastructure on industrial sector performance in Nigeria. In that vein, an annual time series dataset was generated from Central Bank Statistical Bulletin and World Development Indicators (WDI) for the period, 1980 to 2022. The study employed Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model to analyse the parameters. Ex-post facto research design was also adopted. The descriptive results suggest that all the variables have positive mean. The implication of the positive mean is that all the variables in the model recorded positive average growth rate during the period under review. The inferential analysis began with estimation of unit roots tests and the results revealed that variables were stationary at different orders of integration. Furthermore, the cointegration test shows that there is an evidence of cointegration among the variables. Based on the cointegration result, this study applied ARDL approach to generate the estimated short-run and long-run results. Based on the short-run estimate, this study reveals that there is positive but statistically significant relationship between education infrastructure and industrial sector performance. There is negative but statistically insignificant relationship between health infrastructure and industrial sector performance, while there is also a negative but statistically insignificant relationship between communication infrastructure and industrial sector performance
Safeguarding and Preserving Africa’s Ritual Objects in the Face of Modernity: The Mwaghavul Case
Get PDFThe focus of this paper is to study ritual objects among the Mwaghavul people and their preservation as heritage materials for posterity. The paper looks into the ritual objects of the Mwaghavul and the challenges facing their preservation. In doing this study, primary and secondary sources of data were used. While rituals and ritual objects represent a major defining attribute of the Mwaghavul people, most of these objects are now abandoned on hilltops or caves, forest and rock shelters, and at the mercy of bad weather conditions and agents of destruction like termite, fire, and other things that can destroy them naturally. The paper admonishes that these materials are the people's heritage that deserve preservation. The paper identifies globalization, stereotype, migration of young people into the cities, human and natural factors, and activities of heritage looters as some of the contributory factors. The paper however argues that the challenges can be addressed through public enlightenment, provision of conducive worship environments for adherents of traditional Mwaghavul religion, introduction of traditional religion into our school curriculum and provision of good places for the preservation of ritual objects. The paper concludes that as an important aspect of their culture, the Mwaghavul people should ensure that their ritual objects are safeguarded and preserved for posterity