Afe Babalola University Based Journals
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Characterization and Beneficiation of Fanibi Laterite for Nickel Metal Recovery Using Froth Flotation Method
Get PDFThis study investigates the characterization of Fanibi Laterite and the efficiency of froth flotation to beneficiate nickel from its host rock sourced in Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria. A sample of the laterite was obtained and characterized by the use of an X-ray fluorescence Spectrometer (XRFS), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), and Scanning electron microscope with Energy dispersive spectroscope (SEM/EDS). The ore was comminuted to its liberation size of -125 + 90 µm. The froth flotation process was done using Sodium hydroxide and Hydrogen tetraoxosulphate (VI) acid as hydrogen potential (pH) modifier within the range of 4,5,7,9 and 10. However, other reagents are sodium oleate as the collector, potassium dichromate as the depressant, and oleic acid as the frother. The froth and depressed obtained were dewatered and characterized using XRFS. The result revealed that the ore contained 35.65% Si, 8.24% Al, 10.87% Fe, and 0.07% Nickel. It also included some other associated minerals such as Zn, Mg, Ti, Co, and Mo in trace form of less than 1 %. XRD analysis reveals nickel as nickel iodate. The result reveals nickel assays of 0.14, 0.20, 0.15, 0.25, and 0.12%, while their recoveries are 70.82, 67.80, 86.70, 98.04, and 86.98%, respectively. The optimum nickel recovery of 98.04% was attained at a pH of nine (9). It was concluded that froth flotation could successfully beneficiate Fanibi laterite ore for nickel. At the same time, other minerals such as Titanium, Molybdenum, Tin, and Tungsten were present to be extracted for Metallurgical applications
Cybersecurity Assessment and Vulnerability Modelling of Networks and Web Services in Nigerian Colleges of Education
Get PDFCybersecurity threats are among the most significant risks facing organizations and government today, and administrative boards have now been held accountable. This is an experimental research activity conducted to perform a holistic cybersecurity assessment and vulnerability modelling on the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) infrastructure and services of Colleges of Education in the six geopolitical zones. The study adopts an integrated bi-modal threat modelling and assessment (IBTMA) method by combining assessment and modelling approaches, which involves mixed-methods, along with computer-based experimentation to comprehensively evaluate and model cybersecurity threats, identify vulnerabilities, and propose effective mitigation strategies. Logistic regression data analysis was used to model the relationship between dependent variables (e.g., presence or absence of vulnerabilities or threats) and independent variables (e.g., cybersecurity practices, system configurations, policies, and staff training programs). This cybersecurity assessment provides the initial understanding of the security landscape and practices. The next step involves using the Microsoft Threat Modeling tool on the assets to identify specific threats. These threats are then prioritized based on their potential impact and likelihood. Assessment result of the vulnerability exposure is supported by the threat modelling report, which shows several threats: tampering, elevation of privilege, denial of service, privilege escalation, information disclosure, and spoofing. Findings from the study indicate that colleges face critical network and web vulnerabilities that need holistic solution
Investigating Internal Heat Exchanger Performance in a VCR System with a CO2 and LPG Refrigerant Mixture
Get PDFIn this study, an attempt was made to develop a cooling system with an internal heat exchanger using a mixture of carbon dioxide (CO2) and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) as refrigerants to help eliminate the global warming potential and other harmful environmental effects caused by conventional refrigerants'. The CO2 and LPG refrigeration experimental setup was constructed with varying sizes of capillary tubes, a pressure controller, an evaporator, and a gas hob. The working ranges were initially confirmed through exploratory experiments with low-pressure and high-pressure flow circuits, using and without an internal heat exchanger (IHE). The evaporator temperature helped to determine the proportional changes in the coefficient of performance (COP). The REFPROP software design was used to conduct experiments and determine the important process parameters. A confirmation test was performed to validate the expected results of the REFPROP software technique. The results showed that the experiments conducted using IHE had a COP with greater performance levels as follows: mean of 1.398 and SD of 0.367 which is greater than the value of the experiments undertaken without IHE which had a COP performance levels as follows: mean of 0.67 and SD of 0.19. The Paired Samples T-test found these differences to be significant, at p-value < 0.033. The null hypothesis was rejected, hence there is evidence to suggest that the COP of the experiment with IHE is statistically greater than the COP of the experiment without IHE, with a 95% confidence interval of -1.357 and -0.09
Response Surface Methodology Optimization of Wear Rate Parameters in Metallic Alloys
No full textThe optimization of wear rate parameters in metallic alloys using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) has been experimentally performed. The wear rate, a critical factor affecting the durability and performance of metallic components, served as the response parameter, while track diameter, sliding speed, and mass difference were considered as independent variables. The Central Composite Design (CCD) experimental method systematically explored the response surface and optimizes the wear rate. A mathematical model was developed, revealing a significant p-value of 0.043 in the ANOVA table, indicating the collective influence of the independent variables on wear rate at a significance level of 0.05. Furthermore, the model demonstrates a substantial explanatory power, with R-squared of 69.45% and adjusted R-squared of 51.95%. The p-value calculated to be 0.60 for the statistical Lack of fit indicated a satisfactory model. These findings highlight the effectiveness of RSM in optimizing the experimental input values and offer valuable insights for enhancing the durability and performance of metallic alloys in various industrial applications. The obtained result addresses the problem of uncertainty inherent in optimal levels of input parameters wear experimentation
AI AND PERSONAL DATA PRIVACY IN THE U.S: BALANCING CUSTOMER CONVENIENCE WITH PRIVACY COMPLIANCE.
Get PDFThe proliferation of Artificial Intelligence (AI) across various industries in the United States has ushered in an era of transformative technological advancements, which has provided businesses with the ability to enhance customer experiences and drive operational efficiencies. However, this development has brought about increased challenges in preserving the privacy and security of personal data in the US. The paper examines the need to balance customer convenience with privacy compliance within the context of AI and personal data privacy in the U.S. The paper also examines the state of data privacy and concerns arising from the use of AI. It assesses the key legal frameworks in the U.S. and their adequacy to regulate AI in light of data privacy. The paper employs a doctrinal research methodology to examine the laws and identify the challenges arising from the regulatory gaps in AI and personal data privacy. The paper finds that there are challenges stemming from the lack of alignment between existing legal frameworks and the evolving AI technologies, especially in relation to data collection, data anonymization, and consent management. The paper recommends the need to reform existing laws to be up to date with the evolving capabilities of AI. The paper concludes that the growth of AI in relation to personal data privacy presents both opportunities and challenges
Non-Linear Causal Links amongst Functional Recurrent Components of Government Spending and Nigeria’s Economic Growth
Get PDFThis research work examined the relationship between components of government recurrent spending and economic growth in Nigeria. Government recurrent spending is split into four categories, namely: economic services, administration, transfers and social services. The aim is to isolate and place emphasis on their individual relationship with economic growth between 1981 and 2022. Within the VAR Toda-Yamamoto specification, nonlinear causal relationships were analysed using positive and negative shocks generated from the ARDL framework. Results from the empirical finding after unit root (all of order 1) and co-integration (at least one co-integrating vector) tests were carried out and indicated that administration has a causal relationship that is unidirectional with economic expansion. Also, all the functional components of recurrent government expenditures are jointly correlated to cause economic growth in Nigeria. These outcomes depict that Nigeria needs to increase its spending on all these functional components in order to have a better and robust growth and development. Capital projects like Ajaokuta Steel and the nation's refineries should also receive priority as it will indirectly increase the causal effects of recurrent components of government spending on the Nigeria’s economic growth
Beyond Sanctions: ECOWAS and the Resurgence of Military Coups in West Africa
Get PDFThe recent resurgence of military coup d’etat in the West African region is alarming and problematic because of its contagion effect. Since 2019, Chad, Mali, Guinea, Burkina Faso and Niger have experienced military coup d’etat. As part of the efforts aimed at reversing military coups in these States, ECOWAS’ swift response has been in the form of sanctions, which include economic blockade, movement restrictions for the coup leaders, severance of diplomatic relations, and suspension of military leaders from the international community, among others. This effort has neither deterred the coup leaders nor hastened the return to civil rule. This paper attempts to examine ECOWAS’ responsibility beyond the imposition of sanctions in the era of resurgent coups in West Africa. The paper adopts the qualitative method of data collection using secondary sources, which include published books, journals, resolutions, and proceedings of ECOWAS. The paper argues that while ECOWAS is performing its moral obligation by imposing sanctions, the organisation lacks the capacity to compel West African leaders in the entrenchment of good governance. It, however, concludes that ECOWAS needs to re-strategize by having a potent framework capable of deepening good governance and stability of democracy in West Africa
Impact of Financial Development on Economic Growth in Nigeria
Get PDFIn Nigeria, financial development has been fluctuating and has not made significant impact on economic growth as a result of inadequate credit to the private sector that is supposed to improve investment in the economy. This study therefore examines the impact of financial development on economic growth in Nigeria, covering 1986 to 2022. The autoregressive distributed lag model was employed and the long run result reveals that interest rate (INT), lagged value of broad money supply (M2(-1)) and domestic credit to private sector (DCP) have positive impacts on GDPG while broad money supply (M2) has a negative impact on GDPG. The short run estimate indicates that INT and DCP have positive impact on economic growth, while the coefficient of M2 has negative impact on economic growth in Nigeria. In conclusion, financial development can be said to contribute to economic growth. This is because, when government allocates adequate credit to private sectors, investments are made in enhancing the productivity that will encourage investments to take place. These investments will lead to employment generation, and in turn lead to output growth. In this regard, the study recommends that the Nigerian government should increase allocation of credit to the private sector in order to improve investment and ensure the autonomy of relevant monetary authorities
Ethics and Moral Education
Get PDFThis paper discusses the idea of ethics is in relation to the possibility and attainment of moral education. It is informed by the belief that adequate attention to ethical thinking is essential in attaining moral satisfaction and developing the society. The study emphasises the importance of critical moral self- examination and good moral education. It identifies and examines three essential types of ethics in relation to moral self-examination and moral education. It equally examines who a moral agent is and how well the pursuit of self-interest should be understood. Through conceptual clarification, analysis and reflection on certain theoretical views in philosophy, such as the views of Buddha, Socrates, Aristotle and the Yoruba concept of ìwòntúnwònsì, it argues for the expediency of moderation in achieving moral education. It also shows that deficiencies in human conduct limit any human that is not morally educated from leading a morally satisfying life
Natural Resources Endowment, Institutional Quality and External Debt in Selected African Countries
Get PDFThis study examines the effects of natural resources endowment and institutional quality on external debt in selected nine African countries from 1996 to 2019. Two measures of institutional quality, control of corruption and government effectiveness, were used as measures of institutional quality while feasible generalized least square (FGLS) was used for the estimation. The findings suggest that natural resources rent leads to more external debts, but control of corruption and government effectiveness reduce it. However, moderating natural resource rent with control of corruption and government effectiveness does not entirely mitigate the positive effect of natural resources on external debt. It is therefore recommended that African governments should not rely solely on enhancing institutional quality as means to reducing foreign debt, but should embrace a more thorough and multifaceted strategy that involves enhancing debt management, economic diversification, fiscal discipline, and resource revenue management