Afe Babalola University Based Journals
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Age Grades, Indigenous Socialisation and Sustainable Development in Igala Communities
Full text linkThis paper is focused on age grade system as agent of indigenous socialization and sustainable development in Igala communities. The paper examines the roles of age grades as agents of indigenous socialization and sustainable development in Nigeria. It investigates the cultural influence of Anambra West of the South East, Nigeria and Ibaji, Local Government Area of Igala Extraction as a result of proximity. The problem of the study is seeking solutions to the problems of youths restiveness, which is very prevalent in the society today in other to achieve SDGs goal by 2030. The study relies on both primary and secondary sources to justify the arguments on the role of age grade. Oral interview was conducted and the results as seen in the table show that age grade system helps, in improving socio -cultural, sociological and philosophical/ ideology of communities,by expanding the synergy of various members and mobilizing them for socialization in different forms for sustainable development goal. The paper recommends among others that: government should use age grade as platform for socialization in most programs in rural communities since there is already an established modus operandi to implement indigenous curriculum. 
Comparative Environmental Impacts of Chemical, Organic, and Integrated Fertilizer Use on Soil Quality, Water Resources, Greenhouse Gas Emissions, and Crop Productivity
Full text linkThe environmental footprint of fertiliser use in agriculture poses critical concerns amid efforts toward sustainable food production. This study evaluated the comparative effects of chemical (NPK 15:15:15), organic (poultry manure), and integrated (50:50 chemical–organic) fertilisers on soil physicochemical properties, water quality, greenhouse gas emissions, soil enzymatic and microbial activity, crop yield, and nutrient use efficiency (NUE) under maize (Zea mays L.) cultivation in the Guinea Savanna zone of Lokoja, Nigeria. A two-season field experiment was conducted using a randomised complete block design (RCBD) with replicated plots; standard laboratory and chromatographic techniques were employed to analyse soil (pH, organic carbon, nutrient content, microbial biomass, enzymes), water runoff nutrient concentrations, and GHG fluxes (CO₂, CH₄, N₂O) via static chambers. Results showed that organic fertiliser (T2) significantly improved soil health (organic carbon 2.46%, pH 6.8, microbial biomass 413 mg C/kg) and enzyme activity, while reducing nutrient leaching and greenhouse gas emissions. The integrated treatment (T3) achieved the highest total nitrogen (0.23%), maize yield (3.42 t/ha), biomass (6.34 t/ha), and NUE (N: 58.7%, P: 49.5%, K: 61.3%). Sole chemical fertiliser (T1) had poorer soil biological indicators and the highest nitrate (32.4 mg/L) and N₂O emissions (2.14 mg N₂O‑N m⁻² h⁻¹). Overall, integrated fertilisation offers an optimal balance between productivity and environmental protection. These findings support the adoption of integrated nutrient management in tropical systems to enhance soil health, reduce pollution and GHG emissions, and boost crop yields cost-effectively—a strategy relevant for farmers, extension services, and policymakers
Assessment of the Impacts of Coastal Flooding using Remote Sensing and GIS: A Review
Full text linkAround the world, coastal regions are frequently densely populated, heavily farmed, unduly reliant on groundwater, and undergoing a rise in coastal development. The cumulative consequences of climate change make the vulnerability of coastal communities to floods an urgent concern. By using remote sensing and GIS techniques, it is possible to accurately anticipate future inundation scenarios, identify locations that are prone to floods, and measure the degree of flooding. This study aims to demonstrate the critical role that GIS and remote sensing play in expanding our knowledge of the effects of coastal flooding. Three case studies within Nigeria were selected and considered: Lagos Coastal Area, Niger Delta Coastal Region, and Calabar Coastal Zone. The case studies, which examined individual articles, assessed the effects of coastal flooding and demonstrated the versatility and intricacy of GIS and remote sensing in delivering useful information. Results from the reviewed studies indicate that the highly susceptible areas cover a larger percentage of the coastal regions in Nigeria, with approximately 41% highly susceptible area coverage in Lagos and 63% highly susceptible coverage in Delta. In the Calabar region, floods were recorded to have a significant negative influence on the socioeconomic and environmental well-being of the people living in the region. The study made future research directions promising by highlighting the combination of machine learning and cutting-edge technologies to improve the efficiency of GIS and remote sensing in coastal flooding assessments
Ficus Exasperata (VAHI), A Tree of High Medicinal Value and Economic Importance – A Review
Full text linkFicus exasperata is popularly known as sand paper tree, forest sandpaper fig, white fig or sand paper leaf tree due to its rough surfaces. It is a deciduous and dioecious species of plant in the Mulberry family, Moraceae. Native to tropical Africa and Southern Asia usually growing up to 21 metres tall, but with occasional specimens up to 30 metres. The slightly crooked bole is up to 50 cm in diameter which can be fluted or buttressed. The plant often begins life as an epiphyte, growing on the branch of another tree; as it grows older it sends down aerial roots which after reaching the ground quickly form roots and become much thicker and more vigorous, supplying nutrients to the fig and allowing it to grow faster than the host tree. The aerial roots gradually encircle the host tree, preventing its main trunk from expanding, while at the same time the foliage smothers the foliage of the host. Eventually the host dies, leaving the fig to carry on growing without competition. Ficus exasperata is very widely used in traditional medicine in Africa, being commonly harvested from the wild for local uses. It has several ethnomedicinal uses and insect repellent properties. Its roots, stems and leaves are traditionally employed to manage asthma, dyspnea, venereal diseases, high blood pressure, rheumatoid arthritis, intestinal pains, colic, epilepsy and bleeding wounds. Furthermore, its roots, stems and leaves are also used for the treatment of cough and haemorrhoids while the leaves are being employed as sandpaper
Evaluation of the leaf Extract of Blighia Sapida K.D. Koenig for sedative, Anticonvulsant and Antidepressant-like properties in mice
Full text linkBackground/Aim: Blighia sapida (BS) is a widely used medicinal plant in West Africa. Its leaf has been reported in folkloric medicine to be used in the management of migraines, epilepsy, pains, and several other diseases. However, there is limited knowledge about the scientific basis for its folkloric use in the management of epilepsy and other central nervous system (CNS)-related disorders. The study was aimed at evaluating the sedative, anticonvulsant, and antidepressant-like properties of the aqueous leaf extract of BS in mice. Methods: The extraction process was by cold maceration for three days. Twenty-five mice (n = 5) of both sexes were used for each of the evaluations (diazepam induced sleep time, anticonvulsant and antidepressant tests) at oral doses of 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg p.o. of BS. Results: Doses of BS shortened diazepam-induced sleep time in mice, and did not protect the mice against pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) and maximum electroshock (MES)-induced convulsion. BS increased duration of immobility in both the tail suspension test (TST) and forced swimming test (FST) in mice. Conclusion: These finding show that BS lacks sedative-hypnotic effect and has no anticonvulsant and antidepressant activities. The results from this study do not justify its use in the treatment of epilepsy and some CNS-related disorders such as depression
Reconciling Conflicting Jurisprudence: A Critical Analysis of the Admissibility of Unregistered Land Instruments in Nigerian Property Law
Full text linkThis study examined the admissibility of unregistered land instruments in Nigeria, emphasising the legal uncertainty arising from inconsistent judicial interpretations. While the Land Instruments Registration Law establishes registration as a prerequisite for legal recognition and evidentiary value, Supreme Court decision in Benjamin v Kalio, Anagbado v Faruk, and Abdullahi v Adetutu have introduced doctrinal contradictions, undermining predictability in property law jurisprudence. The research interrogates the hierarchical primacy of these decisions, questioning whether precedence should favour the most recent judgment or the depth of judicial reasoning underpinning each case. Adopting a doctrinal methodology grounded in historical analysis, the study identifies a shift toward purposive interpretation in judicial reasoning. The findings underscore the need for harmonised land registration laws and the establishment of clear evidentiary standards to reconcile these inconsistencies. By advocating for a flexible legal framework that integrates formal registration requirements with equitable considerations, the study contributes to property law scholarship by proposing a pathway to enhanced coherence and stability in Nigeria’s legal system. Such reforms aim to safeguard justice in land disputes while reinforcing the integrity and functionality of land registration processes
Democratisation, Political and Economic Development in Nigeria: A Critical Appraisal of the Fourth Republic
Full text linkThis study examines Nigeria’s democratisation process and its effect on political and economic development in the Fourth Republic. The challenges confronting the country’s politics and economy under the current republic necessitate this research. The explanatory sequential survey design was adopted. The study involved the administration of questionnaire to the senior academic staff of the Nigerian Social and Economic Research Institute and interview data. These data were descriptively analysed. The findings indicated that the process of democratisation has fallen short of achieving the anticipated political and economic outcomes, and citizen engagement has been limited. This underscores the need for a more profound commitment to democratisation and the enhancement of political institutions to maximize the benefits of democracy
Interrogating the Experiences of Women in the Conflict Process: Lessons from the Nigerian Terror War
Full text linkWhile several efforts have been made to examine the Nigerian terror war, the experiences of women in the conflict process have not been adequately interrogated. This study is therefore aimed at investigating the different levels of women involvement in the conflict process with a focus on the Nigerian terror war. Explaining the roles and experiences of women in conflict could take place at three levels of analysis. First, women may be seen as victims who experience greater violations in conflict situations. Second, women may be seen as conflict perpetrators, even though this dimension is often ignored because of their soft psychology. Third, women could play a key role in mitigating conflicts through their participation in post-conflict policy formulations. This study is significant because it contributes to the expansion of knowledge on the experiences of women in the Nigerian terror war in particular, and contributes to building nuances and analytical frameworks for understanding the place of women in the conflict process in general. This study employed interview as an instrument of data collection and other secondary sources of data such as books, journals, reports by local and international bodies, and national dailies/newspapers. The data generated is analysed using thematic analysis
Ethno-Religious Violence and Peacebuilding Approaches in Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria
Full text linkIdentity, a cornerstone of human existence, often manifests through affiliations such as religion and ethnicity. In Nigeria, the instrumentalisation of these identities for specific gains has frequently fuelled violent conflicts. Nigeria's history is replete with instances of ethno-religious and political violence, resulting in significant losses of life and property. This research examines the historical roots and expressions of ethno-religious violence in Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria. Specifically, it investigates the 2004 Plateau State Conference, a deliberate effort to address and mitigate this violence. The articulated objectives of the conference are analysed. To understand governmental responses to the ethno-religious tensions, the study explores the emergence and functions of the Plateau Peace Building Agency (PPBA), established to foster grassroots engagement and maintain peace. Furthermore, the research considers the contributions of faith-based organisations in offering religious perspectives on conflict resolution. The study also addresses the role of commissions of inquiry and the deployment of security forces in response to these violent episodes. Findings indicate that the indigene-settler dichotomy remains a primary driver of conflict in Jos. The theoretical framework of Peacebuilding Theory is applied to analyse the ethno-religious contestations within Jos. This study relies on secondary data, utilising online resources to access relevant scholarly books, journals, and other materials, all of which are appropriately cited. As a means of addressing ethno-religious violence, the study recommends that religious and ethnic organisations actively cultivate opportunities for increased intergroup interaction and understanding
Intra-Party Crisis and Decline of Opposition Parties in Nigeria: An Assessment of the People’s Democratic Party, 2015-2025
Full text linkThe study interrogated intra-party crisis and the decline of opposition parties in Nigeria, focusing on the People’s Democratic Party (PDP). It tried to examine the challenges and effects of the intra-party crises in the PDP, most especially in the area of providing a credible and viral alternative that can consolidate Nigeria’s democracy. The study was anchored on elite theory, and the qualitative method of data collection was used to glean data from observation and documentary evidence of secondary sources. The ex-post-facto research design and qualitative descriptive analysis were employed with logical induction in analysis. The study revealed that the perennial crises within the PDP, precipitated by the normless character of politics and partisan relations, have depleted the strength of the party and equally undermined its fortunes as the major opposition party in Nigeria. Based on our findings, the paper makes a case for ideologically based partisanship as a panacea to the problem