Afe Babalola University Based Journals
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Evaluation of Traffic Congestion in an Urban Roads: A Review
Get PDFUrban traffic congestion significantly impacts economic productivity, environmental health, and residents' quality of life. This study provides a comprehensive evaluation of traffic congestion in urban areas, focusing on recent innovations in traffic management, urban planning, public transportation, and technological advancements. Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), incorporating real-time data and adaptive signal controls, have proven effective in reducing delays and improving traffic flow. The study underscores the importance of mixed-use urban planning in minimizing travel distances and traffic volumes. Expanding public transportation networks is highlighted as a critical strategy for alleviating congestion, with evidence indicating that cities with extensive transit systems experience lower congestion levels. Additionally, the environmental and health implications of traffic congestion are considered, linking high congestion levels to increased pollution and negative health outcomes. . Road construction as a policy intervention to reduce congestion is debated, with the understanding that road widening may sometimes increase traffic. Evaluating the technologies contributing to congestion is crucial for devising effective solutions. Urban transport is central to economic activity and the well-being of urban residents. The rising population and car ownership rates, coupled with unchanged natural land areas, exacerbate traffic issues, leading to accidents and increased carbon dioxide emissions. The article explores the complexities of urban road traffic, addressing transport infrastructure, organization, and the high share of car traffic. It discusses theoretical and practical aspects of traffic flow and design, as well as the role of driver behavior in traffic jams
A Comparative Determination of the Physicochemical Properties of the Crude and Refined Products of Palm oil and Soybean oil
Get PDFThis study compares the physicochemical properties of crude and refined palm oil and soybean oil. Key parameters such as acid value, peroxide value, saponification value, free fatty acid, and iodine value were analysed. Crude palm oil exhibited higher acid and saponification values, while refined oils showed improved stability and reduced free fatty acids. Refining reduced oxidation susceptibility in soybean oil but increased the peroxide value in palm oil. The results reveal significant changes in oil quality post-refinement, impacting nutritional and industrial applications. These findings highlight the critical role of refining in improving oil quality and safety for industrial applications. However, the effects of refining vary depending on the oil type
Low and High Gas Tungsten Arc Welding Heat Inputs Influence on Corrosion of Stainless Steel Weldments
Get PDFIn this study, influence of low and high heat inputs on corrosion susceptibility of 304L austenitic stainless steel (ASS) in simulated 0.5 molar solution of NaCl was investigated. Gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) was used to generate low and high levels welding heat input. Microstructures of the weldments were examined, using metallurgical optical microscope (OMM) (Olympus GX51), while the corrosion behaviours were evaluated by potentiodynamic polarization tests, and corrosion data were recorded, using a computer-based data logging system – Autolab PGSTAT 204N. From the results, the evolving microstructures of the weldments before corrosion were characteristically heterogeneous; austenite (γ) was the leading phase, while ferrite (α) grains were dispersed within the γ matrix. Fusion zone (FZ) and heat affected zone (HAZ) microstructures after corrosion were characterised by pits of varying sizes with different alignments. And at GTAW speed, current and voltage of 7.2 mm/s, 200A and 40V, corresponding to low heat inputs, there were few number and size of pits relative to 1.7 mm/s, 200A and 40V, corresponding to high heat input. Shift in corrosion potentials (Ecorr) toward less negative direction, that is more nobility was observed at the low heat inputs induced GTAW parameters as compared to the corresponding high heat inputs induced GTAW parameters. In general, corrosion susceptibility of 304L ASS in the simulated 0.5 molar solution of NaCl was heightened at high heat inputs induced GTAW parameters as compared to the corresponding low heat inputs parameters
Hydrocarbon Potential Evaluation of Chad Basin, Northeastern Nigeria Using High-Resolution Aeromagnetic Data
No full textA cost-effective and non-intrusive aeromagnetic geophysical technique was utilized to reduce exploration uncertainty in the Chad Basin, which is believed to have significant hydrocarbon potential despite limited exploration due to its remote and challenging terrain. By analyzing various derivatives and magnetic attributes extracted from filtered and enhanced aeromagnetic data, the study aimed to highlight potential areas for hydrocarbon generation and preservation, allowing for more focused and detailed geophysical exploration efforts. This study produced several key maps, including a total magnetic intensity map (ranging from -168.7 to 224.8 nT), a reduction to equator map (ranging from -156.8 to 207.9 nT), and depth analysis, which helped delineate the structural framework and sedimentary thicknesses within the basin. Quantitative interpretation of these maps, along with the analytic depth map (ranging from 22.1 to 5649.3 m), tilt depth map (ranging from -76.50 to 80.40), and first and second vertical derivatives maps (ranging from -0.097 to 0.086 nT/m and -0.000240 to 0.000236 nT/m, respectively), was employed to detect geological features and thick sedimentary fills sufficient to create or trap hydrocarbons. Depth estimates indicate that the shallow sources range between 22 and 230 m, while deeper sources fall between 2747 and 6000 m, suggesting sufficient sedimentary fill for hydrocarbon generation. The basin is characterized by large sedimentary deposits that are bounded by structural features such as folds, faults, and fractures. The northern part of the basin, trending towards the northwest, eastern edge, and parts of the south, showed active structural features, including anticlines, synclines, and fractures, which are essential for petroleum trapping. These findings, coupled with the identified thicknesses and favorable structural disposition, suggest that the Chad Basin holds high potential for hydrocarbon accumulation, making it a prospective region for further exploration with more detailed geophysical methods
CRYPTO-EXCHANGES IN NIGERIA: A REVIEW OF THE REGULATORY FRAMEWORK.
Get PDFRegulating the exchange market in Nigeria seemed seamless until the coming of blockchain technology powered by smart contract. The blockchain platform spawned the idea for the trading of digital assets which by their nature could not be traded on the regular exchanges. This raises two major inquiries which are, to what securities silos are the digital assets be classified and whether trading digital assets on the blockchain platform requires special governing rules inform of codes or algorithms as substitute or in addition to the Investment and Securities Act herein after called the Act. To brace up with this new technology, the Nigerian Federal Government issued the National Policy on Digital Economy to regulate the digital economy generally in the country and formulated the National Blockchain Policy in particular. Additionally, the Security and Exchange Commission pursuant to Section 13 (o),(dd) of the Act issued Rules on Issuance, Offering and Custody of Digital Assets, to specifically regulate transactions of digital assets on the crypto-exchanges. Adopting doctrinal method of research, this paper examines the law and policy frameworks for the regulation of crypto-exchange in Nigeria with the sole objective of ascertaining the propriety and robustness of the issued instruments to regulate the crypto-exchange. The paper finds inter alia that neither the Act nor the issued Rules on Issuance, Offering and Custody of Digital Assets is sufficient to regulate digital assets transactions on the blockchain platform. Thus, the paper recommends hybrid of the regulatory governance to include codes, algorithms and the Act
The Post-Pandemic World and the Foreign Policy Imperatives
Get PDFConsidering the destructive and disruptive potential of pathogens, this research identifies new lessons and policy imperatives in the governance of future scenarios of pandemics. Although foreign policy players and other critical stakeholders are beginning to recognise the values of global health in foreign policy thinking and decision-making, there are still major gaps in pandemic response, particularly as the COVID-19 pandemic has revealed. To plug the observed gaps, this paper calls attention to three political / foreign policy priorities. First, critical actors must enhance their preparedness for future pandemics by building massive health infrastructure, supersizing the health corps, and investing in programmes that will aid their capacity to predict a health emergency before it occurs. Second, foreign policy professionals must prioritize humanity over high politics in global pandemic response. Third, foreign policy actors must place adequate focus on migration health going into the future
Boosting Nigeria’s Gross Domestic Product with Digital Marketing
Get PDFThe most transformative and impactful force in the global socioeconomic landscape including Nigeria is digital marketing. This study analysed the challenges, opportunities, and benefits of digital marketing in job creation in Nigeria. A descriptive survey research design was adopted. Secondary data which were collected from relevant ministries, departments, and agencies were used for the study. This study exposed the important components of digital marketing against the socioeconomic situation in the country. The study checked mobile usage, the present challenges, and opportunities for digital marketing with its impact in Nigeria. Through relevant digital campaigns, the relationship between digital marketing and job creation opportunities in Nigeria were analysed. The study confirmed that there is a great gap between the required job skills and available job skills; hence, the high rate of unemployment in the country. The study concluded that digital marketing is a good foundation for an improvement in job skills, and job employability through improved school curricula, teaching methods, and soft skills. Therefore, increased job skills will boost employment and productivity within and outside Nigeria, thereby boosting the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in the short run and long run
Oil Revenue, Institutional Quality and Economic Growth in Nigeria
Get PDFThis study examined the interaction of oil revenue and institutional quality on economic growth in Nigeria over the period of 1993 - 2022. The World Development Indicator (WDI) and the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) statistical bulletin were the sources of the annual time series data used in this study. Employing the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) estimation technique, findings reveal that oil revenue impacts economic growth positively in the short-run but negatively in the long run, while institutional quality exhibits positive impact in both the short-run and long-run period. It was also discovered that the interaction of oil revenue and economic growth could enhance economic growth in Nigerian both in the short-run and long-run period. Access to clean fuels and technologies contributes positively to economic growth in both short-run and long-run period, while fiscal policy rating only has statistically significant positive association with economic growth in Nigeria over the observed period. This study therefore recommends the need to strengthen political institutions for effective utilization of oil revenue, and implementation of strategic diversification policies for the development of other sectors in the economy for economic prosperity in Nigeria
Power Outages and the Performance of Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SMEs) in Ekiti State, Nigeria
Get PDFThis study was carried out to examine the effects of power outages on the performance of SMEs in Ekiti State, Nigeria. The study was carried out in Ado-Ekiti, the state capital. Data were collected through the use of questionnaire, copies of which were administered to 114 SMEs in the study area. The findings show that on average, SMEs in the study area had access to electricity for about two days weekly, and it was only stable for between 1 hour and 5 hours daily. Similarly, the average monthly cost of electricity from the national grid was between about N5000 and N10, 000, while it costs SMEs between N30,000 and N90,000 monthly on average to fuel alternative electricity generators. The effect of power outages is negative on SMEs’ turnover. The study recommends that the government needs to provide palliatives to SMEs that would help reduce the burden of the power outage on the SMEs’ operations. This can be done through giving them tax incentives or subsidies
