Afe Babalola University Based Journals
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Palynostratigraphy and Paleoenvironment of Afikpo Well_3, Afikpo Syncline, Nigeria
Get PDFThe Afikpo Syncline constitutes the western segment of the southern part of the Benue Trough. The syncline orients in the northeast-southwest direction and unconformably overlies the pre-Santonian strata of the Benue Trough. This study investigates the sediments of Afikpo Well_3, drilled within the syncline, identifies its different palynozones, and interprets their paleoenvironments of deposition. Forty-two ditch-cutting samples recovered from the well at a 150 ft interval consist of mudstones, calcareous mudstones, carbonaceous shales, and calcareous shales. These samples were subjected to palynological analysis following the conventional acid maceration technique. A total of 637 palynomorph counts were recovered. These comprise 316 pollen grains, which make up 49.61%; 129 spores, which make up 20.25%; 9 fungi spores, which make up 1.41%; 17 microforaminifera wall linings, which make up 2.67%; and 166 dinoflagellate cysts, which make up 26.06%. Two palynozones were identified within the well. These include zone AF-01 (Monocolpites marginatus assemblage zone), which ranges from depths of 1500–1320 ft and is Campanian in age; and zone AF-2 (Dinogymnium sp. assemblage zone), which extends from depths of 50 ft–1320 ft and dates back to the Maastrichtian period. Based on the predominance of palmae pollen, together with the subordinate occurrence of dinoflagellate cysts, and the fair representations of spores (Cyathidite minor), the environment of deposition of the sediments ranges from a nearshore brackish water to a shallow marine environment. The shallow environment is further confirmed by the frequent occurrence of microforaminifera wall lining and the dominance of the peridinoid dinoflagellate cysts over the gonyaulacinoids
Quality Teaching in Ekiti State Secondary Schools: An Application of Ordinal Logistic Regression
No full textThis study investigates the quality of teaching in secondary schools in Ekiti State, Nigeria, using ordinal logistic regression to examine the impact of teacher demographics and teaching practices on student performance. The research focuses on teachers from six selected secondary schools within Ado-Ekiti, comprising a sample of 295 educators. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire administered via Google Forms and shared on WhatsApp platforms of the respondents. The study analyzes factors such as age, gender, educational background, teaching experience, lesson planning, technology integration, teaching methods, assessment practices, feedback provision, and professional development. Descriptive statistics and ordinal logistic regression were employed to assess the significance of these variables on student performance outcomes. Results indicate that older teachers and female educators positively influence student performance, while frequent integration of technology and rigid lesson planning negatively impact outcomes. The study also finds that regular feedback and active student participation significantly enhance performance. However, attending professional development workshops and the availability of teaching resources showed unexpected negative associations with student performance, suggesting potential issues with the applicability or effectiveness of these resources and training. The study highlights the importance of adaptive teaching methods, supportive administrative practices, and active student engagement in improving educational quality. These findings provide valuable insights for policy makers and educators aiming to enhance teaching effectiveness and student learning in secondary schools in Ekiti State
BALANCING PARENTAL RIGHTS AND CHILD WELFARE: THE BEST INTERESTS THRESHOLD IN HEALTHCARE DECISIONS IN TEGA ESABUNOR & ANOR v. TUNDE FAWEYA & ORS. IN FOCUS.
Get PDFChildren have the right like other human beings, to enjoy the best attainable standard of health, which includes access to healthcare services. Yet there is no escaping the reality that because of children’s vulnerability and lack of capacity, parents have the responsibility to act on their behalf and must ensure to make these decisions in the child’s best interest. Hence, a refusal to give consent to lifesaving treatment for the child will not be authorised, even if such refusal is from the parents. In cases of this nature, it has become the norm in most jurisdictions for the State to subrogate parental rights in the best interest of the child, this was the posture of the Supreme Court in the case of Tega Esabunor & Anor v. Dr Tunde Faweya & Ors. [2019] 7 NWLR (Pt. 1671) 316 (SC). The paper through doctrinal analysis, reviews and discusses the best interests threshold as a basis for overriding parental rights in protecting the child’s wellbeing. It highlights the responsibilities of parents vis- a - viz the State in ensuring that the child’s interests are best achieved, irrespective of religious or socio-cultural factors. This notwithstanding, the paper asserts that to effectively apply the principle, there must be a well-established standard of practice that completely overrides parental authority to authorise and pay the medical bills of the child and for further issues that may arise between parents in cases of lack of consensus and proper guidelines for medical practitioners
AN APPRAISAL OF THE LEGAL CAPACITY AND CONTRACTUAL RIGHT OF THE CHILD UNDER THE CHILD’S RIGHT ACT, 2003.
Get PDFIt is a fundamental principle of law of contract that parties to contract are at liberty to enter into contract, and agree on the terms of the contract. Accordingly, the Child’s Right Act, 2003 (CRA 2003) and other Child’s Right laws of various states in Nigeria confer the child with the right to enter into contract. However, the law seems to limit the contractual right and capacity of the child to contract of necessaries. Consequently, a child does not possess the requisite legal capacity and right to enter into contracts in respect of non-necessaries. Unfortunately, CRA 2003,s 18 does not define what constitutes ‘necessaries’ and the effect of such void contracts. This article deployed doctrinal research method to appraise the legal capacity and contractual right of the Child in Nigeria, and the objective is to determine the scope of the contractual right and capacity of the Child and legal effect of contracts of non-necessaries.Thus, the question is, what is the extent of the contractual right of the child in Nigeria? This article found that the lack of definition of what constitutes necessaries in CRA 2003 has created uncertainty in the scope of the contractual right and capacity of the child in Nigeria. More so, CRA 2003 s18 is oblivious to the principle of ‘best interest of the child’ which is the philosophy that underpins contracts involving the child. It was thus recommended that the CRA 2003, s18 and similar laws should be amended to adopt the common law definition of what constitutes ‘necessaries’. In addition, contract of non-necessaries entered into by the child should not be treated as void ab initio. Rather, they should be construed as voidable against the child but binding on the adult
Cohabitation Attitudes and Behaviours of Undergraduate Students in Taraba State, Nigeria: The Mediating Role of Social Media and Peer Pressure
Get PDFThis study examines the impact of social-media and peer pressure on attitudes and behavior of undergraduate students towards cohabitation. The study sampled 1,970 undergraduate students from three universities in Taraba State, Nigeria. Data was collected with an online questionnaire. The study adopts social learning theory and Berger and Luckman’s social construction of reality. The data was analyzed using multiple regression and mediation analysis. The results reveal significant positive effects of attitudes towards cohabitation, social media use, and peer pressure on behaviours towards cohabitation. The finding revealed that a one-unit increase in attitudes towards cohabitation corresponds to a 0.41-unit increase in cohabitation behaviours. It also revealed that, a one-unit increase in social media use and peer pressure leads to a 0.21-unit and 0.25-unit increase, respectively, in cohabitation behaviours. Furthermore, the study shows that age negatively affects cohabitation behaviours, indicating a decrease in behaviours as age increases. The mediation analysis reveals that attitudes towards cohabitation significantly predict behaviors towards cohabitation (coefficient = 0.26 P <0.001). The study further revealed that social media use and peer pressure partially mediate the relationship between attitudes and behaviours towards cohabitation (0.19 (P< 0.001) with a 95% confidence interval of 0.14, 0.24). The study concludes that social media use and peer pressure play essential roles in shaping attitudes towards cohabitation and cohabiting behaviour among undergraduates in Taraba State
The United States Geostrategic and Economic Interests in the Middle East and Arab-Israeli
Get PDFThe Arab-Israeli conflict is a paradigm shift from other global conflicts, partly due to its protracted nature and the inherent influence of third-party states like the United States and the erstwhile Soviet Union in the Middle East crisis. The paper is projected to review the unabated Arab-Israeli conflicts and the United States expressed geo-political and economic interests in the Middle East. Thus, the paper adopted the desk research method and third-party intervention theory as explanatory frameworks. It was discovered that the protracted Arab-Israeli crisis festered on because of the desire of the United States to use Israeli forces to curtail Arab civilization from challenging Western culture and ensure access to the oil in the Middle East. This was made possible due to inability of the United Nations to enforce its resolutions. These became harbingers of troubles in the Middle East, hence Arab-Israeli conflict became a continuum. In effect, the unity of the Arab world, a review of United States arms and financial supports to Israel and a more functional United Nations to de-radicalize relationships in the Middle East are recommended as possible solutions
The Impacts of Twitter (X) Diplomacy on Contemporary International Relations
Get PDFThere is no gainsaying that social media has become a primary conduit of diplomacy and an arena for government-to-government interactions. In a Twitter diplomacy study conducted in 2018 and published by Burson and Wolfe, at least 97 percent of all 193 UN member states are currently active on Twitter (now rebranded as X), and they are increasingly eliciting public interest. The attention the public gives to world leaders’ tweets illustrates not only the political power of Twitter but also how Twitter challenges conventional diplomatic practices. In formal assemblies, social gatherings, unofficial meetings, and other state-to-state interactions, government officials and policymakers now use Twitter to communicate, transforming diplomacy over time. While it is a fact that social media especially Twitter is rising in popularity as a foreign policy tool, the political impacts of Twitter on international relations need to be interrogated. Thus, this paper analyses the impacts of Twitter (now X) diplomacy on contemporary international relations
Development of a Dual Stripping and Screening Machine for Separating Oil Palm Fruit Bunch
Get PDFThe purpose of this study was to design, fabricate, and evaluate a dual stripping and screening machine for oil palm fruits in Nigeria, with the aim of improving efficiency, reducing damage to the fruits, and minimizing injuries to processors. The study involved the design and fabrication of a machine that could easily handle palm fruit bunches (PFB), separate the fruits from the chaff, and minimize damage to the fruits. The evaluation was conducted using a 3×3×3 factorial experiment, with three levels of PFB sizes, three levels of operating speed, and three replications. The evaluation results showed that the optimal operating speed for the machine was 1000 rpm. At this speed, the machine achieved a stripping efficiency of 98.6% for small PFB sizes, 89.93% for medium PFB sizes, and 85.68% for large PFB sizes. The screening efficiency was 98.62%, 96.23%, and 95.68% for small, medium, and large PFB sizes, respectively. The percentage of damage to the fruits was 2.25%, 2.11%, and 2.55% for small, medium, and large PFB sizes, respectively. The output capacity of the machine was 131.25 kg, 139.30 kg, and 165.36 kg for small, medium, and large PFB sizes, respectively. This study presents a novel dual stripping and screening machine for oil palm fruits, addressing the time-consuming and labor-intensive manual post-harvest operations associated with the local method. The machine's design and evaluation provide valuable insights for improving efficiency and reducing damage in oil palm industries in Nigeria
Development of a Smart Lock System using QR Code Technology
Get PDFA smart lock system refers to a modern security solution that enables users to remotely control access to their homes or businesses using a smart device such as smartphone, tablet, or computer. This paper presents the development of a smart lock system using Quick Response (QR) code technology to address the problem of insecurity, inconvenience, and inflexibility in access control. The proposed system eliminates the need for physical keys or complex authentication and verification methods. The system integrates an ESP8266 microcontroller, barcode scanner, 16x2 liquid-crystal display (LCD), solenoid lock, relay, and a 12V power supply. The system allows authorised users to generate unique QR codes representing their access credentials through a user-friendly interface. These QR codes are scanned by the system, which processes the codes, verifies access permissions via a central server and provides real-time feedback through the LCD. Upon successful verification, the system triggers a relay to control the solenoid lock, to grant or deny access. The implementation and testing of the smart lock system demonstrated successful operation. The performance indices include authentication speed, system reliability, accuracy and response time, which were evaluated and found to be satisfactory. The obtained results showed that the proposed system outperformed traditional methods such as keys, and fingerprint authentication, with an access speed of 2.00 seconds, which is significantly faster than the alternatives. Comparative analysis with existing access control techniques demonstrated the developed system's enhanced security features and user-friendly operation, making it applicable for residential, commercial, and industrial use. Additionally, the system's scalability and adaptability allow it to be customised for various environments, offering a versatile solution to diverse security challenges. This work contributes to the field of security technology by providing an efficient and scalable smart lock system with novel algorithms, which enhances the convenience, robustness of access control and seamless user experience
Application of Centralized Artificial Intelligence-eLearning Based System in Delivering Competency-Based and Equal Access to Quality Education in Tanzanian Secondary Schools
Get PDFThe delivery of competency-based and equal access to quality education is the main goal of developing countries to end poverty by 2030. The entire plan has been impacted by an emergency outbreak of diseases such as COVID-19 which caused schools to use unusual teaching methods to cover the learning curriculum due to school lockdown. The study examined the problem and used a purposive sampling technique to collect data from teachers in the Arusha region. Structured interviews and questionnaires data collection methods were used to collect primary data from head teachers, academic teachers, and computer subject teachers to examine the learning system and impact of COVID-19 in delivering competency-based and equal access to quality education. After data analysis, findings revealed that COVID-19 and traditional classroom teaching systems impacted the delivery of competency-based and equal access to quality education during school lockdown. This situation alters the good plans of the government for ending employment dependencies to society by promoting innovations, creativity, and self-employment opportunities by offering quality education. To address these challenges, the study recommends that the government implement a centralized Artificial Intelligence eLearning-based system in secondary schools to transform the traditional classroom learning system into a virtual classroom to avoid the interruption of the education calendar and personalize the students' learning outcomes based on his/her interests. To successfully enhance the delivery of competency-based and equal access to quality education for self-employment, the education system of Tanzanian secondary schools should focus on students’ learning content and not the curriculum coverage. This system will address the shortage of science and mathematics teachers facing secondary schools. Due to the significance of education in fighting against poverty, this article calls for amendments to the national ICT policy in education to address the challenges of an emergency outbreak of disease that has been affecting the sector of education