Afe Babalola University Based Journals
Not a member yet
992 research outputs found
Sort by
Performance Analysis of Inverter Fed Single Phase Induction Motor Drive
Get PDFThis paper presents performance analysis of effects of modulation index on cascaded multilevel inverter fed single phase induction motor drive using closest level control technique. The modulation index is varied to analyze its performance. The effects on inverter output voltage, current, induction motor speed, electromagnetic torque and total harmonic distortion (THD) are considered. Both the load torque and modulation index are varied to determine the motor performance. The Closest (Nearest) control method is applied for generating firing pulses for the cascaded multilevel inverter power switches. By the application of this method, the switching losses are greatly mitigated when compared with high switching frequency of Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) schemes. MATLAB/SIMULINK software is used to obtain the system simulation results. The performance evaluation of this work was targeted on the modulation index range from 0.7 to 1.2 and for selected load torque values of 0 Nm, 2 Nm and 4 Nm. It is observed that modulation index affects the motor performance. When modulation index is 1.0 under different load torques, 6.2 % - 6.7 % range of voltage THD was obtained. When the modulation index becomes 1.2, motor speed and electromagnetic torque resulted to 1327 RPM and 20 Nm respectively with stability time of 0.7 sec under load torque of 4 Nm
Development of a Particulate Matter and Carbon Monoxide Detector
Get PDFAir pollution is inarguably a common tragedy in the today’s world: a resultant effect of industrialization and civilization. This work considered two of the most common domestic air pollutants – particulate matter (PM) and carbon monoxide (CO). This developed device is able to detect the presence of these two pollutants in the atmosphere, and trigger an alarm when the levels of these pollutants is above the safe level with respect to the World Health Organization (WHO) standards. NOVA SDS011 and MQ135 were used as the particulate matter and carbon monoxide sensors respectively, 20 x 4 Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) was used as the display unit, and a buzzer as the alarm device which is triggered when the pollutant level is high. The device utilizes Arduino Uno R3 as its microcontroller for controlling the operation of the device. The key contribution to knowledge of this work is the design of a low-cost, portable and modern pollutant detector that can be traditionally deployed in either closed or open environments. On testing the device under different conditions for 500 seconds per condition, the indoor PM2.5, P.M10 and CO levels ranged between 16-19 µg/m3, 43-80 µg/m3 and 0.6-1.3 parts per million (PPM) respectively. The outdoor PM2.5, PM10 and CO levels were between 17-23 µg/m3, 19-62 µg/m3 and 0.3-0.6 PPM respectively. These levels are considered reasonable enough compared to World Health Organization safe limits of below 25 µg/m3, below 54 µg/m3 and 9 PPM for the PM2.5, PM10 and CO respectively. The device was further exposed to the combustion of fuels and to a dusty environment to read very unsafe limits. This work helped to develop a cost-efficient pollution detector; even as optimal operating efficiency was retained
Comparative Modelling, Sensitivity Analysis and Thermodynamics Study of the Adsorption Characteristics of Dried Nauclea latifolia Medicinal Leaves
Get PDFThe adsorption characteristics of Nauclea latifolia medicinal leaves were examined across selected temperatures (30–50°C) and water activity levels (0.044–0.900) to assess its storage stability. Both univariate semi-empirical and multivariate statistical models were comparatively employed to represent and predict the observed adsorption characteristics. Additionally, sensitivity analysis was conducted to evaluate the dependence of the adsorption characteristics (that is, equilibrium moisture content (EMC (g/g d.b.)) on temperature and water activity storage factors. The net isosteric heat and entropy of adsorption were also determined alongside compensation theory values. The results indicated that EMC decreased with increasing temperature and increased with rising water activity. The minimum and maximum EMC values of 0.015 and 0.221 g/g d.b. were observed at 50°C. The safe moisture content for storing dried Nauclea latifolia medicinal leaves was 12.6 (g/g d.b.) at 30 to 40 °C and 9 (g/g d.b.) at 50°C. Amongst the models tested, the Peleg model demonstrated best performance, with its R² values ranging from 0.9897 to 0.994 and RMSE values between 0.0039 and 0.0129. Sensitivity analysis revealed that EMC is more sensitive to water activity than to temperature. The net isosteric heat and entropy of adsorption decreased with increasing EMC, indicating that the process was enthalpy-driven. In conclusion, the findings underscore the importance of environmental management in maintaining the storage properties of Nauclea latifolia medicinal leaves. The results of the models are useful in guiding the optimal storage conditions and the design of tailored storage facilities for Nauclea latifolia medicinal leaves
Comparative Analysis of Biodiesel Produced from Blends of Palm Kernel Shell and Cocoa Pods Oils with Conventional Diesel Fuel: Characterizations, FTIR, GC-MS, XRD and SEM Analysis of the Nano Catalyst
No full textThe uncertainty of predicting the conditions of bio oils for the production of quality biofuels and reusability of catalyst, saving cost of production and time, make characterization of the oils/catalyst imperative. Characterization of bio oils, extracted from palm kernel shell and cocoa pods, the blends, catalyst and biodiesel produced therefrom is investigated. A maximum biodiesel yield of 76.05% was obtained at optimal conditions. Titanuim oxide used proved to be efficient catalyst for converting the oil blends to biodiesel. The established results obtained show kinematic viscosity of 5.65 – 7.78 mm2s-1 @ 40 oC, density of 0.8428 – 0.8642 kg/m3, cloud point of 4.48 – 6.48 oC, fire point of 108 – 150 oC, cetane index of 37.78 – 30.13, acid value of mg KOH/g, API gravity of 32.89 – 29, anicidine point of 50 – 46 oC etc. All the values fell within the recommended ASTM and EN standards. The GC-MS, XRD, EDX, SEM, and FTIR analyses carried out to evaluate the quality of the sample with respect to deterioration, gave an ester percentage of 99.9% for the bio-oil and biodiesel, which is within the minimum standard range of not less than 96.5% recommended. The GC-MS of the blended oil shows that the most prevalent fatty acids identified amongst 13 other distinct compounds were methyl linolenate, methyl palmitate, methyl oleate and methyl eicosadinoate with percentage concentrations of 63.03, 26.9, 8.1 and 2% respectively. The XRD analysis confirmed the titanium oxide anatase structure with a peak of 25.4 degrees. The SEM analysis shows high porosity with high specific surface area of the catalyst at magnification of 80 – 269μm; and the FTIR analysis revealed that the functional groups for the bio-oil and blended biodiesel were in range
Perceived Impact of Peer Influence on Cohabitation among Youth in Selected Off-Campus Areas in Ilorin Metropolis
Get PDFThe trend of cohabitation in our contemporary society, especially among the emerging youth, has increased moral decadence, which has caused more danger to the affected youth and culture. The study examined the perceived impact of peer influence on cohabitation among youth in selected off-campus areas in the Ilorin Metropolis. The study employed a survey method, and a sample size of 525 was randomly selected using purposive sampling for selection of the off-campus areas and simple random for the research participants, but only 497 participants filled out and returned the questionnaires. A Peer Influence Scale (PPS) for peer influence (x=0.87), a Self-developed Scale for gender, age and religion on cohabitation (x=0.85). Hypotheses were tested at a 0.05 significance level using a T-test and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), while frequency counts and percentages were used to analyse the demographic data. The study found no significant difference in the influence of peers on cohabitation among youth in the Ilorin Metropolis based on gender. There was a significant difference in peer influence on cohabitation among youth in Ilorin Metropolis based on age. There was a significant difference in peer influence on cohabitation among youth in Ilorin Metropolis based on religion. Based on the study's findings, it recommended that concerted efforts should be made by the Social Workers, Social Welfare and other relevant stakeholders to engage in a sensitization programme that will re-orientate the teeming youth on the danger cohabitation can pose to their future well-being and welfare
An Analysis of Investment Trends, Innovation and its Impact on Cabotage and Local Content Regime: Nigerian Experience from Businesses in Oil and Gas and Maritime Industries
Get PDFThis study looks into how Nigeria's oil and gas and maritime industries are affected by laws against cabotage and local content, with particular attention to employment rates, investment trends, technological developments, and communication. The study adopts the quantitative survey methodology. The target population comprises 358 oil and gas and maritime industries’ employees. Stratified random sampling was adopted to size the population into strata. Data was collected through a closed-ended structured questionnaire. The study used the primary and secondary data sources. The study examines the effects of local content and cabotage regulations in the two sectors, evaluating theories about employment rates, innovation, and investment trends. The result showed that there was a positive and significant effect of investment trend and innovation on cabotage law in the oil and gas industry in Nigeria (t-statistics (43.312) > critical value (0.000). Also, the study revealed that there was a positive and significant effect of investment trends and innovation on local content law in the oil and gas and maritime industry in Nigeria (t-statistics (48.491) > critical value (0.000). The findings show a strong positive correlation between compliance with these regulations and investment patterns. Turning barriers/obstacles into opportunities has proven to need effective innovation. The study recommends that policy improvement, improved innovative capacity, industry cooperation, monitoring, and enforcement will help improve compliance with the regulations and enhance investment patterns/innovation
Improvement of Physics Education as a Hallmark for Economic Growth and National Transformation in Nigeria
Get PDFPhysics can function in almost all works of life as its applications is found in medicine, engineering, finance, science, technology, and many other fields. And being useful in many areas of life implies that it has some contributions to make to development. Thus, there is the need for a nation that desires development and transformation to make Physics a basic requirement for the study of science and technology because of its positive contributions to the development of mankind. This paper highlights the need for quality Physics education as an essential instrument for economic growth and national transformation. Physics education enables scientists to learn important skills such as teamwork, networking, problem-solving skills, critical thinking, innovations, and self-discipline. These were highlighted to be vehicles that speed up the economic growth of a nation. Also, science, technology, business, and industry were stated to be areas that can bring about national development and transformation through quality physics education. The paper also highlighted the challenges of physics education that could hinder its exploits; it, therefore, suggested that students should be encouraged to apply lessons from physics to real life in a manner that would develop their skills
Community Policing: “Atalakpa” (Edo State Security Network) and the Management of Crime and Internal Security in Edo State, Nigeria
Get PDFThis study assessed the praxis of community policing in managing internal security in Edo State, Nigeria. It also evaluated the nature of community policing (Atalakpa-Edo State Security Network) in Edo State and its effectiveness. In addition, the study identified the relationship between community policing (Atalakpa-Edo State Security Network) and the public security force in Edo state. The study further Identified the challenges confronting Atalakpa-Edo State Security Network in Edo State. The study employed survey research design, using both quantitative and qualitative research methods. Also, both primary and secondary data were explored. The data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics involving frequency counts, percentages, mean scores and charts. The findings showed that the government falls short of effectively providing security for the citizens; hence, the community opted for Atalakpa community policing, which is focused on fostering greater trust and cooperation between the police and the residents geared towards maximising police resources through community participation in public safety initiatives. The study concluded that the emergence of community policing (Atalakpa-Edo State Security Network) was borne out of the need to reduce crimes and social vices, security of lives and properties, and to complement other security agencies in fighting crime and criminality in rural areas. The study recommends restructuring and overhauling of the Atalakpa- Edo State Security Network to meet its establishment's goals and purpose. Also, there should be better collaboration and partnership between community policing and other security agencies in the area of handing-over/transporting of suspects, conducting investigation, sharing of information, fire alert, armed patrol, joint duty posting, training and re-training; workshops and seminars, with a view to fighting crime and criminality, and entrenching peace in rural areas
Globalisation in Africa: Examining if Economic Integration and Privatisation of Most Public Enterprises in West Africa Instigates Migration Crisis in the ECOWAS Sub-region
Get PDFThis study broadly examined if globalisation instigated migration crisis in the West African sub-region. Specifically, the study investigated the role of economic integration in the rise of migration and the positive link between privatisation and increased movement in West Africa. The Growth Pole theory was adopted to explain the interconnection between globalisation and migration. The study employed the documentary method of data collection and the qualitative descriptive method of data analysis otherwise known as content analysis. The study found that the paucity of implementation of economic integration schemes adopted in theWest African sub-region has led to the rising trend of various forms of migration, ranging from irregular migration, forced migration, labour migration etc. It also found that privatisation measures in West Africa have been implicated in the increased movement of people across the sub-region, especially intra-regional movement, from rural to the urban area. Consequently, the study recommended that since rising trend of various forms of migration within the West African sub-region is traceable to the paucity in the enforcement of the economic integration schemes adopted in the sub-region, the Economic Community of West AfricanStates (ECOWAS), among others, therefore, should strengthen enforcement structures, collaborate with member states, and establish an ECOWAS Cross-border Cooperation Fund
Development of a 1.0 KVA Fuelless Generator
Get PDFA 1.0 KVA fuelless generator has been developed. The crave for sustainable energy solution has led to the exploration of emerging technologies targeted at reducing reliance on fossil fuels and reducing environmental impact. One such technology is the development of fuelless generators, which harness renewable energy sources or utilize unconventional mechanisms to generate electricity. This power producing mechanism is aimed to develop a targeted 1KVA power capacity through innovative design strategies. Detailed graphical modeling of the orthographic projection and isometric views brought about enhanced machine components development for stability and reliability. Careful selection of conductor materials and design considerations ensured efficient power transmission, minimizing losses within the system. Integration of power factor correction capacitors and advanced control algorithms contributed to achieving a power factor close to unity, optimizing energy utilization. Comprehensive performance testing validated the functionality and reliability of the developed generator under various load conditions. The development of a fuelless generator with a battery power capacity of 0.85 Kw, torque of 14.48 Nm, resistance of 48.35 ohms, current of 4.55 Amperes and a power factor of 0.85 signifies a significant breakthrough in sustainable energy generation. The performance test showed that that an input response brought about an increase in load (W). The success of developing the generator not only demonstrates the feasibility of clean and sustainable energy solutions but also underscores the potential for further advancements in fuelless generator technology towards a more reviving energy prospect