Afe Babalola University Based Journals
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Efficiency of Constructed Wetland (CW) Established with Common Reed aimed at Greywater Treatment in Akure, Nigeria
Get PDFThe growing scarcity of freshwater resources is becoming a significant concern in dry and semi-dry areas globally, underscoring importance of household greywater treatment to mitigate this issue. This study focused on evaluating the efficiency of a Constructed Wetland (CW) established with Phragmites australis for the treatment of greywater in Akure, Nigeria. Raw greywater was obtained from the Jadesola female hostel at the Federal University of Technology, Akure (FUTA), and then underwent initial treatment in a 500-liter filtration reservoir that contained multiple layers of pebbles and fine sand. Following this initial treatment, greywater was transferred to a Vertical Flow Sub-Surface Constructed Wetland (CW) established with Phragmites australis for the main treatment phase. Both raw and treated greywater samples were analyzed for Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), pH, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Electrical Conductivity (EC), and heavy metals. The results demonstrated that the CW effectively lowered all measured chemical factors, rendering the treated greywater suitable for irrigation by meeting local wastewater reuse standards. Notably, the CW achieved impressive reductions, with BOD decreasing by 91.4%, COD by 91.5%, and TDS by 38.7%, thereby proving its effectiveness in pollutants removal. The treated greywater complied with local standards for wastewater reuse, making it appropriate for irrigation and other outdoor applications. These outcomes are particularly beneficial for farmers who rely on irrigation during the dry season. Hence, additional studies should be carried out to explore the potential use of treated greywater effluents for irrigating certain types of vegetable crops
Thermodynamics and Adsorption of Fe2+ from Oilfield Produced Water using Clay-derived Zeolite
Get PDFThe study explored the potential of clay-derived zeolite (CDZ) as an adsorbent for the removal of Fe2+ ions from produced water generated from oil fields. The clay was sourced from the Ikepshi Community in the Akoko-Edo Local Government Area of Edo State, Nigeria. The zeolite was produced through a calcination process at a temperature of 600 °C, followed by dealumination and zeolite synthesis prior to its application for adsorption of Fe2+ from produced water. A variety of operational parameters were evaluated to understand their impacts on the adsorption process. These included different dosages of the adsorbent, contact time, temperature, agitation speed, and pH levels. The thermodynamics parameters were evaluated over a temperature range of 303 K to 343 K. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images displayed the characteristic silicate flakes of kaolinite clay, while Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) results identified specific functional groups. Particularly, the presence of O-H and Si-O stretching vibrations confirmed the clay kaolinite composition. The analysis of adsorption outcomes across varying temperatures revealed negative values for Gibbs free energy ( ), and a positive entropy value ( , this indicates that the adsorption process is spontaneous and feasible, along with an increase in degree of randomness of adsorption process. The process of Fe2+ uptake on CDZ was considered as endothermic, as shown by the positive enthalpy values ( obtained thus shows a strong Vander Waal forces between the adsorbent and adsorbate
Application of Upper Bound Analysis and Taguchi Method In Aluminium Extrusion
Get PDFThis research explores the use of upper bound analysis in calculating the extrusion force through u-shaped dies with varying fillet radii, billet lengths, friction coefficients and billet temperatures. Taguchi method was used in design of this experiment which is a four factor four level experiment giving a total of 16 experimental runs and aluminium 3003 was used as the workpiece. Based on these results a model equation was developed to predict the extrusion force. The correlation coefficient and covariance of the data generated, revealed that a positive and direct relationship existed between fillet radius, billet length, friction coefficient and extrusion force, while an inverse and indirect relationship existed between billet temperature and extrusion force. The R2 value was 99.96% and adjusted R2 value of 99.80% and a root mean square error of 0.2137, indicating that the accuracy of the model is good
Language of Signs: A Multimodal Analysis of Celebrity-Endorsed Advertisements on Nigeria’s Social Media
Get PDFIn today’s advertising landscape, celebrity endorsements on social media have become essential, merging linguistic and multimodal elements to craft engaging stories. This study uses a linguistic multimodal analysis framework to explore how language interacts with visual and linguistic components in celebrity-endorsed advertisements on Nigeria’s digital space, specifically, Instagram, Twitter and Facebook. By examining fifteen purposively selected advertisements, the research explores how linguistic strategies — such as word choices, phrase structures, rhetorical techniques and other modes, are employed alongside visual elements to boost persuasion and engage audiences. The theory adopted for the study is Scollon and Scollon’s Geosemiotics of multimodality that considers all available modes of communication. The data was analysed by categorizing emerging patterns in the data and discussing them based on the tenets of multimodal discourse and geosemiotics. The result shows that the combination of linguistic and multimodal elements creates a powerful synergy that enhances the persuasive impact of these advertisements. This research adds valuable insights to the fields of linguistics, media studies, and digital marketing by shedding light on how language operates within multimodal contexts. In conclusion, this study highlights how language used in celebrity-endorsed adverts on social media strategically shapes consumers’ perceptions and reinforces brand identity. Future research could explore cross-cultural variations in linguistic and multimodal strategies to further enrich our understanding of this phenomenon
Divergent Landlord-Tenant Regimes: A Comparative Analysis of Legal Frameworks and Eviction Practices in Nigeria's Urban Centres (Edo and Lagos States)
Get PDFThis study examined the contrasting legal frameworks governing landlord-tenant relationships in two key Nigerian urban centers: Edo and Lagos States. It critically examined the Rent Control and Recovery of Residential Premises Law of Edo State, Cap R1 1977 (RCRPL), the Lagos State Tenancy Law 2011 (TL), relevant case law, and secondary sources to uncover significant disparities in eviction protocols, rent regulation, and dispute resolution mechanisms. The analysis reveals the TL’s comparatively robust framework, which incorporates more extensive Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) options, in contrast to the outdated provisions of the RCRPL. Furthermore, the findings underscore the widespread underutilization of formal legal mechanisms and the persistence of informal eviction practices in both states, which erode tenant protections and perpetuate housing insecurity. Anchored in the theoretical perspectives of legal pluralism and socio-legal studies, the research situates these findings within Nigeria's complex legal, social, and economic milieu. The study advocates for harmonized legislative reforms, including a comprehensive revision of the RCRPL to align with contemporary realities, enhanced public awareness of legal rights, and strengthened enforcement frameworks. These interventions are imperative for fostering equitable landlord-tenant relations, advancing housing security, and contributing to sustainable urban development and social justice in Nigeria
Currency devaluation-induced inflation, university academic staff research output and coping strategies
Get PDFNigerian university academic staff are exposed to hostile economic environment of currency devaluation-induced inflation, which poses as a challenge to their ability to contribute to research and development. This study seeks to investigate how currency devaluation-induced inflation influences research output of Nigerian university academic staff and the coping strategies often employed by them. Through the use of sequential explanatory mixed method research design, with quantitative data obtained from 413 academic staff in 6 Nigerian universities; and qualitative data from documents and interviewee, the study found that as Naira value declines, academic research output declines in resonance. The study also found that academic staff employ diverse economic coping strategies for personal and research output mitigation. The study concludes that currency devaluation-induced inflation inimically affects academic staff research output, and despite adopted coping mechanism, none is significantly effective. The study recommends autochthonous corrective and mitigating pathways
Evaluating the Impact of Insecurity on Nigeria's National Development Since the Fourth Republic
Get PDFThis study critically evaluates the impact of insecurity on Nigeria's national development; it explores the interplay between persistent security challenges and the country's socio-economic progress. Nigeria, Africa's most populous nation and largest economy, has grappled with diverse security threats, including terrorism, insurgency, banditry, kidnapping, communal clashes, and herders-farmers conflicts. These threats have not only destabilised communities but also disrupted economic activities, strained governmental resources, and exacerbated social inequalities. Utilising the descriptive approach, the research explores the direct and indirect implications of insecurity on critical areas of Nigeria’s national development. It highlights how insecurity has deterred foreign direct investment, displaced populations, and weakened institutional capacities, further entrenching poverty and unemployment. The study also examines the socio-political dimensions of insecurity, including its role in fostering corruption, eroding trust in governance, and undermining Nigeria's democratic consolidation. Drawing on secondary qualitative sources from government reports, academic literature, and field studies, the research argues that addressing insecurity requires holistic and inclusive strategies that integrate military responses with socioeconomic reforms, community engagement, and regional cooperation. The study finds that increment of public spending on security, weakening of state institutions and loss of public trust in governance are some of the economic and socio-political impacts of insecurity on Nigeria’s national development. The study concludes that to alleviate the effects of insecurity on national development, it is imperative to tackle the underlying reasons of discontent, such as poverty, inequality, and ineffective governance in Nigeria
Role of Communication in Fostering Development and Societal Stability: A Pathway to Sustainable Growth in Nigeria.
Get PDFCommunication is a fundamental driver of national development and societal stability, serving as a tool for governance, social cohesion, and economic progress. This study examined the role of communication in fostering development and stability in Nigeria, highlighting its significance in shaping public discourse, promoting inclusive governance, and addressing socio-political challenges. Despite its critical role, communication in Nigeria faces numerous obstacles, including media bias, misinformation, digital exclusion, and political interference. These have hindered its effectiveness in fostering sustainable growth. Grounded in Social Stability Theory and Development Communication Theory, this study explored how effective communication strategies contributed to national development by fostering civic engagement, strengthening institutions, and promoting peacebuilding initiatives. A qualitative research approach was adopted, relying on secondary data sourced from scholarly articles, policy documents, and case studies. Thematic analysis was employed to identify key trends, insights, and challenges related to communication’s role in national stability and development. Findings revealed that well-structured communication initiatives, such as government-led campaigns, Nollywood productions, and grassroots media interventions, can significantly influence public awareness, governance, and social cohesion. However, challenges such as political control of media, the digital divide, and the spread of misinformation remain pressing concerns. The study recommended strengthening media independence, improving digital access, and fostering participatory communication strategies to enhance the role of communication in Nigeria’s sustainable development. Future research should explore the evolving impact of digital media on political stability and the effectiveness of indigenous communication methods in governance
Digital Platforms for Maternal Health and Socioeconomic Development in Toro, Nigeria: Bridging Policy, Communication and Governance
Get PDFNigeria grapples with one of the world’s highest maternal mortality rates, with 556 deaths per 100,000 live births. This disproportionately affects rural communities such as Toro, Bauchi State, where access to healthcare is hindered by infrastructural deficits and patriarchal norms. While digital platforms such as mobile health (mHealth) applications, SMS reminders, and telemedicine offer transformative potential, their adoption remains hindered by digital literacy (57% of respondents), male gatekeepers (42%), and misalignment with governance frameworks. Grounded in Amartya Sen’s Capability Approach, this mixed-methods study evaluates how digital health tools can be leveraged to enhance maternal healthcare access while fostering socioeconomic development in Toro local government area of Bauchi State. By repositioning maternal health as a developmental imperative, this research advances strategies to achieve SDG 3 (Health) and SDG 5 (Gender Equity) while strengthening community resilience and governance frameworks in rural Nigeria. The research was carried out through a survey with 400 mothers and caregivers and six gender-segregated focus group discussions (FGDs) to capture socio-cultural nuances. Findings reveal that 68% of respondents reported improved antenatal care access through telemedicine and SMS reminders. Additionally, 34% leveraged mobile tools for income generation, which indirectly supported healthcare expenditures. Thematic analysis identified community-led training sessions and male advocacy campaigns as critical for bridging literacy gaps and challenging restrictive norms. For instance, women who participated in peer-led workshops were 3 times more likely to adopt digital health tools, illustrating the role of social modelling in shifting patriarchal dynamics. The study argues for integrating digital health into Nigeria’s National Development Plan (2021–2025) and National Digital Economy Policy (2020–2030) to institutionalise maternal care as a governance priority. Recommendations include decentralising healthcare funding to empower local leaders in co-designing voice-based apps in Hausa language and subsidising health-focused data plans through telecom partnerships. The study further emphasises aligning digital health interventions with Nigeria's National Development Plan (2021-2025) and the African Union's Agenda 2063 to foster sustainable development and gender equity
Exploring the in-vitro and in-vivo trapanosomal Activities of Gacinia kola (Bitter kola) Seed Aqueous Extract using Animal Models: Trypsnosomal
No full textTrypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness) is a significant disease of economic and public health importance caused by Trypanosoma brucei gambianse parasite that affects humans. In 2014, WHO stated that 300,000 cases were reported to be diagnose and treated, and others died or lived with a disability based on the non-availability of the novel drugs, high toxicity, and development of resistance to the drug by the parasite. Therefore, using plant extract is fast becoming the choice for treating the disease. This study investigated the in-vitro and in-vivo trypanosomal activities of Garcinia kola (Bitter kola) aqueous seed extract as an alternative replacement for Diamininzene aceturate drug in the treatment of Trypanosomiasis Disease using animal modeling. The extract was obtained through the Maceration method with distilled water, and photochemical analysis was performed using various standard methods. In-vitro activity of the extract and Diaminizene aceturate drug was determined using rapid matching techniques at 3 hours post incubation with different doses of the extract and 3.5 mg/kg/bw of standarrd drug. In-vivo study was conducted using sixty-two (62) Wister rats divided into ten groups. Group A (standard control): noninfected and non-treated but received 10mL of distilled water; Group (B-H) were infected by intraperitoneal inoculation of 1mL of parasitized blood containing 1.0×105/ml of T. brucei gambianse parasites and treated with different doses of Garcinia kola seed extract, 200, 400 – 1400 mg/kg/bw; Group I: infected and treated with standard drug dose (Standard control); Group J: infected and untreated (Pathological control). The treatment lasted for 21 days at 3-day intervals. Data were analyzed statistically using Anova Turkeys post hoc SPSS version 2.0 software, with a significant difference at 0.01. The result revealed the photochemical components of the seed as Flavonoids, Steroids, tannins, saponins, Anthraquinones, glycosides, and carbohydrates. Garcinia kola seed extract exhibited trypanosostatic at doses of <400 mg and trypanocidal activity at doses > 400 mg in both in vitro and in v and in vivo, compared with trypanocidal activity of standard drug dose at 3.5 mg/kg/bw. Garcinia kola aqueous seed extract possesses trypanosostatic and trypanocidal effects in both In vivo and In vitro. Diamininzene aceturate drug proved to be trypanocidal at standard recommended dose. This study revealed that Garcinia kola aqueous seed extract might be used to design an alternative drug for treating trypanosomiasis disease at a lower concentration of 200mg/kg/BW