Afe Babalola University Based Journals
Not a member yet
992 research outputs found
Sort by
Electrochemical Studies and Inhibitory Effects of Millet Extract on Copper for Prolonged Service Life
Full text linkThis research assesses the efficacy of millet extract as a copper corrosion inhibitor under exposure to 1M hydrochloric acid (HCl) to provide an eco-friendly substitute to the use of manmade corrosion inhibitors. Open Circuit Potential (OCP), Linear Sweep Voltammetry (LSV), and Tafel polarization techniques were employed under various temperatures (30°C - 50°C) to examine the performance of various concentrations of millet extract (0 mL, 0.1 mL 0.2 mL, and 0.3 mL). The results showed a significant decrease in both the current density (Jcorr) and the corrosion rate (CR) as the concentration of the inhibitor was raised. The highest percentage inhibition was about 98% using the 0.3 mL concentration, showing a very strong protection. The findings of the adsorption study showed that the inhibitor follows both the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms, inferring the possibility of multilayer adsorption on the copper surface. The formation of a protective film that prevents the dissolution of the metal was supported by the optical micrographs
Comparison of the Geotechnical Properties of Lateritic Soils of Borrow Pits for Road Construction in Ado Ekiti
Full text linkLateritic soils are key materials in road construction across tropical regions, but their performance varies based on their geotechnical properties. This study analyzes the geotechnical properties and characteristics of lateritic soils from selected borrow pits in Ado Ekiti, Nigeria, to determine their suitability for subbase and subgrade applications. Four borrow pits, labeled A to D, were randomly selected, and twelve undisturbed soil samples (three from each pit) were collected for laboratory testing. The tests include natural moisture content, specific gravity, grain size distribution, Atterberg limits, permeability, compaction, California Bearing Ratio (CBR), unconfined compressive strength (UCS), and triaxial test. Soil samples from Borrow Pit A, identified as Silty Sand (SM) and classified as A-2-4, showed the highest Maximum Dry Density (1750–1753 kg/m³), low Optimum Moisture Content (12%–14%), fines content of 12%, adequate permeability (2.0 × 10⁻⁵ to 2.2 × 10⁻⁵ cm/s), and unsoaked CBR values of 70%–75%, making them ideal for subbase applications. Borrow Pit B soil samples, categorized as Clayey Sand (SC) and A-2-6, had moderate MDD values (1650–1660 kg/m³), permeability between 1.2 × 10⁻⁵ and 1.4 × 10⁻⁵ cm/s, unsoaked CBR values of 58%–60%, and shear strength of 205–210 kPa, making them suitable for improved subgrades or low-traffic subbases. Borrow Pits C and D, classified as Low Plasticity Clay (CL) under USCS and A-6 and A-7-6 under AASHTO, had MDD values between 1500–1551 kg/m³, fines content of 20%–30%, permeability between 0.4 × 10⁻⁵ and 0.1 × 10⁻⁵ cm/s, unsoaked CBR values below 42%, and shear strength of 180–192 kPa, making them more appropriate for subgrade applications. The study concludes that Borrow Pit A is the most suitable for subbase layers, while Borrow Pits B, C, and D require stabilization, such as lime or cement treatment, to improve their strength and plasticity properties
Investigation of Relationship between the Surface Roughness and Residual Stress on Pearlitic Ductile Iron Face Machined
Full text linkThis study investigates the relationship between surface roughness and residual stress in face-milled pearlitic ductile iron in order to enhance the surface quality of machined parts used in manufacturing. Locally prepared pearlitic ductile iron was utilized. The cutting factors that were explicitly taken into consideration in this study were cutting speed, depth of cut, fluid flow rate and feed rate. Taguchi's design served as the foundation for the experiment, which used an orthogonal array with five levels for each factor. The experimental data were statistically analyzed using correlation and multiple regression analyses. The findings show a substantial positive relationship (R = 0.938, p ≤ 0.01) between surface roughness and surface residual stress, which is statistically significant. The depth of cut and feed rate increased the surface residual stress by 511.212 and 0.668 units respectively, while a unit increase in cutting speed and fluid flow rate (-0.100 and -453.350 units respectively) decreased it. Likewise, the surface roughness increased by 53.958 and 0.063 units, respectively, with an increase in the depth of cut and feed rate. However, a unit increase in cutting speed and fluid flow rate resulted in a reduction in surface roughness (-0.003 and -21.132 units, respectively). It can be deduced from the multiple regression analysis that surface residual stress and surface roughness are associated with all cutting factors. These results can be used as a guide to improve the surface integrity of machined items. Thus, the study provided important information on the best cutting parameters for producing a significantly good surface finish during face milling operations in manufacturing industries
Effect of Heat Treatment on Microstructure, Acidic Corrosion Resistance and Wear Performance of Low-Carbon Steel
Full text linkLow-carbon steels are widely used in structural and industrial applications, but their performance can be significantly enhanced through controlled thermal processing. This paper looks at how different heat treatment techniques affect low-carbon steel's microstructure, corrosion resistance in acidic settings, and wear performance. Mechanical and electrochemical behaviours were evaluated under four heat treatment conditions: normalizing (A), water quenching (Q), normalizing followed by quenching (AQ), and double (cyclic) quenching (QQ). Phase changes were characterized by optical microscopy; Vickers microhardness testing and depth profiling evaluated hardness distribution. Using linear polarization techniques, electrochemical corrosion tests in dilute sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) were run to find corrosion potential, current density, and polarization resistance. Using a pin-on-disc apparatus, wear performance was also assessed under 10 N and 20 N loads. Results revealed that quenching greatly increased surface hardness because of martensite formation; Q had the highest microhardness but lower corrosion resistance because of microstructural stress and heterogeneity. By contrast, AQ offered a balanced microstructure with fair hardness and excellent corrosion resistance. Wear rates were closely connected to hardness; QQ showed the greatest wear resistance at both load conditions. These results highlight the importance of heat treatment in maximizing the surface integrity of carbon steel for uses in mechanically hostile and acidic environments
Internal Migration, Exclusionary Politics and Crises of Nation-Building in Nigeria
Full text linkThe article examines the crises of nation-building in Nigeria from the perspective of internal migration, exclusionary discourses and politics. Population movement has been a constant feature of human interactions and relations. One of the major constant features of internal migration interpretation has been its continuous intersection with economic considerations and social security. However, in Nigeria, the internal migration of different ethnic groups within the territories has witnessed the interplay of exclusionary discourses and politics or a series of policies and debates directed toward profiling the migrant population to achieve certain objectives. In Nigeria, the Igbo migrants and politics of Lagos State and the Fulani herders’ pastoralists fit into the broad spectrum of this thesis. However, the task of nation-building in Nigeria is a continuous process that involves a careful dialogue on matters that border on national questions. Hence, the reality of the Nigerian nation-building project is the crisis of managing various ethnic and religious identities towards national integration. The article builds on these two cases to shed light on understanding ethnic tension, suspicion and its implications on nation-building through the prism of internal migration. The article relies on secondary data sources.
 
Rethinking Nigeria’s Security Threats: Armed Banditry and its Impacts on the People of North-west Nigeria, 2010-2025
Full text linkThis discourse which is intended to contribute to peace and security studies examined the effects of armed banditry on the people of North-western Nigeria. The paper answered these questions: Who are armed bandits? What is the modus operandi (mode of operations) of these bandits? How has banditry affected the people in North-west Nigeria? Different materials were reviewed and they associated armed banditry with the level of economic underdevelopment and infrastructural decay in the region viz-a-viz the influx of criminal elements, proliferation of small arms and light weapons, etc. The sociological and queer ladder theories were advanced and employed to explain the rationale behind the abnormal behavior of these terrorists as adduced. The inability of the military not only to de-escalate this violence but to curtail the activities of these armed bandits is responsible for mass abduction and kidnapping of people for ransom within the context of this study. Oral interviews were conducted to give fillip to the interdisciplinary nature of the paper, considering the avalanche of literature consulted across different disciplines. The paper’s submission is that the attendant woes of armed banditry on the people are incalculable in terms of humans, environment, economy, distortion and dislocation of families, among other attendant consequences. The paper recommended the continuous need for synergy among the security agencies while there is a need for protection of the citizens, considering the wave of insecurity in North-west Nigeria
Investigating the bioactive compounds in aqueous extract of Calotropis procera and its toxicological evaluation using Drosophila melanogaster model
Full text linkBackground/Aim: Phytochemicals are present in various plant tissues. These compounds provide beneficial effects on the plants, however,limited harmful effects have been reported. This study investigated the bioactive compounds in the aqueous extract of Calotropis procera (AECP) and their toxic effects. Materials and Methods: The presence of bioactive compounds in the plant was determined using standard methods and high-performance liquid chromatography, while the toxicological evaluation was done using Drosophila melanogaster. Flieswere grouped into 6 (n = 5), comprising control and AECP-treated groups. Flies were homogenized after 21 days of exposure to AECP, and toxicological parameters such as total thiol, reduced glutathione, catalase, nitric oxide, geotaxis, and survival tests were investigated. Results: The plant extract was found to be rich in phenols, flavonoids, tannins, reducing sugars, and glycosides, with the total phenols contentof 14.05 ± 0.07 mg Tannic acid/g equivalent and total flavonoids content of 9.218 ± 0.05 mg Quercetin/g equivalent. Sixteen compounds were identified in the plant with the highest abundance in the order: quercetin, cymbopogon, hydroquinone, chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid, andluteolin. It was also observed that the plant was not toxic to flies exposed to doses up to 2 mg/g diet as indicated by a non-significant difference in the parameters investigated but a significant change (p < 0.05) was noted in catalase, reduced glutathione and nitric oxide at 4 mg/g diet when compared with the control. Conclusions: The presence of the secondary metabolites could ensure the plant of its pharmacological properties, and the plant could be considered safe up to a dose of 2 mg/g diet at short and long-term exposure
Open Defecation, Causes, Consequences and Intervention in Nigeria
Full text linkFundamental components of the Sustainable Development Goals are good health and clean water. Open defecation makes this difficult. Defecating in public zones like fields, woods, coastlines, open aquatic bodies, or even in open spaces with solid garbage like polythene bags, is known as open defecation. It is global, with 12% of the world’s population, mostly impoverished countries of sub-Saharan Africa and Asia, practicing it. In Nigeria, defecating in public is rampant in rural areas than in urban regions. Motivation, consequences of open defecation, and the approaches of the government to curtail it were discussed. Poverty, restricted availability of sanitary facilities, lack of awareness and education, socio-cultural beliefs, nomadic and itinerant life, emergencies, among others, are connected to open defecation in Nigeria. Furthermore, household proportion, profession, earnings, traditional standards, and possession of a restroom are also put forward as factors that affect the dispositions of Nigerians towards open defecation. Open defecation constitutes a significant public health risk with environmental, health, and social effects. Therefore, the Nigerian government has periodically created programs and policies to eradicate public defecation and to ensure this, several policies and guidelines were implemented. Except for the “Making Nigeria Open-Defecation Free by 2025” policy, which outlines the anticipated plans to outlaw open defecation in Nigeria, there was little to no structure in place to abolish open defecation in the country. It was recommended, among other things, that there should be continuous national public awareness campaigns, more restrooms should be constructed in public areas, water supply should be given top priority throughout Nigeria, local, inventive, and reasonably priced technologies should be encouraged to build better toilet systems, cultural barriers should be removed to allow for improved sanitation facilities, and state and federal legislatures should pass laws prohibiting public defecation
Assessment of Freight Movement in the Inland Waterways System in Lagos Metropolis, Nigeria
Full text linkThe high dependence on land transportation for the movement of both passengers and freight within the Lagos metropolis is not sustainable. The advocacy for the use of Lagos waterways for freight movement must be encouraged. In achieving this, there is the need to document necessary information about water transportation. This study is therefore intended to identify the determining factors for the use of water to move freight on the inland waterways within the Lagos metropolis. Both primary and secondary data were adopted for the study. The primary data was sourced using a structured questionnaire targeting ownership/management of the marine craft (i.e., private, public, or public/private). The respondents included 47 registered members of Barge Operators Association of Nigeria (BOAN). The secondary data were sourced from the records of BOAN focusing on the details of boats and operators. Frequency distribution and charts were used for presenting and summarizing the data, whereas, the multinomial logistic regression model was employed to test the formulated hypothesis The multinomial logistic regression results show that the determinants of the choice of water route were freight availability (Odd Ratio: 3.257), freight (Odd Ratio: 2.350), and availability of transshipment facilities (Odd Ratio: 2.159). Availability of transshipment facilities had positive and statistically significant relationships with the choice of water route (r=0.86). This study, therefore, recommends that the state government should take necessary steps to improve the inland water transport system in Lagos state
Evaluating Public and Industry Compliance with Standards Organisation of Nigeria’s Regulations for Safety and National Development in Jabi, Abuja
Full text linkThis study evaluated the awareness, compliance, and implications of the Standards Organisation of Nigeria’s (SON) regulations among industries and the public in Jabi, Abuja. It addressed the challenges of inadequate public and industry understanding of SON’s standards, which hinder compliance and pose risks to consumer safety and national development. Drawing on Public Awareness Theory and Stakeholder Theory, the research investigated the role of effective communication and collaborative stakeholder engagement in fostering regulatory adherence. A descriptive survey design was adopted, targeting Jabi residents, Julius Berger construction company, SON officials, and consumers. A sample of 383 respondents was selected through stratified random sampling. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and analysed with descriptive and inferential statistical techniques. Findings indicated moderate public awareness and varying levels of industry compliance, constrained by ineffective communication, resource limitations, and technical gaps. Non-compliance was associated with the production of substandard products, which compromises consumers’ safety. The study recommended enhancing SON’s enforcement mechanisms, conducting regular workshops for industries, and launching targeted awareness campaigns using diverse communication channels. Collaborations with stakeholders, including law enforcement and industry associations, were also advised to strengthen compliance and protect consumers