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Uwagi o polszczyźnie północnokresowej w wileńskim druczku instructio compendiaria de accentu polonico z XVIII wieku
Full text linkThe Vilnius print consists of 29 articles of varying length (from a few to more than a dozen lines), containing orthoepic notes on spelling, phonetics and partially accidence of the Polish language used in the late 17th/early 18th centuries. It is no exaggeration to state that this Latin print is the oldest Polish dictionary of correct usage. It can be of interest to researchers into Polish historical grammar. This article focuses on chapter 25 which is of special importance for the history of the Polish language spoken in Eastern Borderlands.The Vilnius print consists of 29 articles of varying length (from a few to more than a dozen lines), containing orthoepic notes on spelling, phonetics and partially accidence of the Polish language used in the late 17th/early 18th centuries. It is no exaggeration to state that this Latin print is the oldest Polish dictionary of correct usage. It can be of interest to researchers into Polish historical grammar. This article focuses on chapter 25 which is of special importance for the history of the Polish language spoken in Eastern Borderlands
Jak dotrzeć do zrozumienia tekstu literackiego? Kilka refleksji na temat Ballady Pani Twardowska Adama Mickiewicza w odbiorze uczniów Polskich I Cudzoziemskich
Full text linkThe aim of my thesis is to reflect on Pani Twardowska, a literary text written by Adam Mickiewicz, and how Polish and foreign students receive and understand this text by. Its language and interpretation pose a challenge to students and teachers. An analysis of the ballad which is assigned reading, shows difficult fragments because of failure to recognize the various aspects of the language. It also leads to considering a practice of working with an old literary text that serves as a representative of an old era language and an exponent of culture. The considerations are accompanied by a question of possible use of glottodidactic methods to support an analysis and interpretation of a literary text during Polish classed conducted in a linguistically and culturally diverse group of students.The aim of my thesis is to reflect on Pani Twardowska, a literary text written by Adam Mickiewicz, and how Polish and foreign students receive and understand this text by. Its language and interpretation pose a challenge to students and teachers. An analysis of the ballad which is assigned reading, shows difficult fragments because of failure to recognize the various aspects of the language. It also leads to considering a practice of working with an old literary text that serves as a representative of an old era language and an exponent of culture. The considerations are accompanied by a question of possible use of glottodidactic methods to support an analysis and interpretation of a literary text during Polish classed conducted in a linguistically and culturally diverse group of students
Martina Ireinová. Vit Voženilek et al. Atlas nářečí českého jazyka – nominativ singuláru feminin. Univerzita Palackého v Olomouci, Olomouc 2023, ss. 108
Full text linkO gwarowym wyrazie kalafa ‘rzadkie błoto, maź’ i jego wariantach
Full text linkThe article discusses the dialect word kalafa meaning ‘running mud, goo’ and its variants kalawa, kolawa, kalowa, chalawa, galafa, also explaining the reasons for the variants. The basic variant has been established and its origin determined. Other meanings of the above dialectal words are also presented, including ‘a puddle after rain’, ‘a pond (usually shallow and muddy)’, ‘liquid manure’. Based on the lexicographical and atlas attestations, their territorial ranges have been determined. Kalafa is a homonymic word, so data on the homonym kalafa ‘muzzle, gob’, pejorative of ‘face’, also ‘nose’, ‘mouth’ are also presented. Reference has been also made to onomastic data, i.e. local names: Kolawa, Kolawy, Kalawa as well as surnames: Kalafa, Kalawa, Kolawa, and surname forms derived from them (e.g. Kalawski, Kolawski, Kalawinski, Kolawczyk). The analysis of dialectal data has also made it possible to put forward a new etymological hypothesis as to the kolawa || kalawa appellative, the Kolawa || Kalawa anthroponym, and the co-native names.The article discusses the dialect word kalafa meaning ‘running mud, goo’ and its variants kalawa, kolawa, kalowa, chalawa, galafa, also explaining the reasons for the variants. The basic variant has been established and its origin determined. Other meanings of the above dialectal words are also presented, including ‘a puddle after rain’, ‘a pond (usually shallow and muddy)’, ‘liquid manure’. Based on the lexicographical and atlas attestations, their territorial ranges have been determined. Kalafa is a homonymic word, so data on the homonym kalafa ‘muzzle, gob’, pejorative of ‘face’, also ‘nose’, ‘mouth’ are also presented. Reference has been also made to onomastic data, i.e. local names: Kolawa, Kolawy, Kalawa as well as surnames: Kalafa, Kalawa, Kolawa, and surname forms derived from them (e.g. Kalawski, Kolawski, Kalawinski, Kolawczyk). The analysis of dialectal data has also made it possible to put forward a new etymological hypothesis as to the kolawa || kalawa appellative, the Kolawa || Kalawa anthroponym, and the co-native names
Z etymologii polskiej (4): sowity
Full text linkIn modern Polish, the adjective sowity belongs to the book style and has the meaning ‘abundant, ample, rich’, e.g. ample time. The subject of the article is a chronological, semantic and etymological analysis of the word. Much attention has been devoted to study its origin and a formal-semantic evolution in Polish as well as some other Slavic languages (Ukrainian, Belarusian, Lithuanian) which have proved not entirely convincing. Thus, everything seems to indicate that the Polish adjective sowity is a native formation. It was coined from the base of the verb *sovati, *sujǫ ‘to slip, push in, press in, cram in, etc.’. with the help of the -it(y) suffix. Its original meaning was ‘slipped in, pushed in, pressed in, crammed in, etc.’. Consequently, the meaning of the Old Polish combination of a sowity coat ‘lined with cloth or fur, literally: stuffed, lined with something’ becomes perfectly clear. The meaning further developed as follows: ‘double, twofold, dual, amounting to the double amount, Latin duplex, duplus’ > ‘generous, abundant, rich, lavish, abundant with excess, measured with usury’ and others. It should be noted that when it comes to the latter, sowity very much resembles the adjective (from the origin of the past participle of the past tense from suć < *suti, *sъpǫ ‘to poor’) suty ‘abundant, rich, prosperous’ and ‘generous, abundant, lordly’, e.g. abundant payment, abundant remuneration, ‘prosperous; magnificent, splendid’, e.g. rich and abundant dress, rich attire. It is hard to resist the impression that sowity and suty influenced each other semantically, cf. above all the common meaning ‘generous, abundant, rich, prosperous, generous’.In modern Polish, the adjective sowity belongs to the book style and has the meaning ‘abundant, ample, rich’, e.g. ample time. The subject of the article is a chronological, semantic and etymological analysis of the word. Much attention has been devoted to study its origin and a formal-semantic evolution in Polish as well as some other Slavic languages (Ukrainian, Belarusian, Lithuanian) which have proved not entirely convincing. Thus, everything seems to indicate that the Polish adjective sowity is a native formation. It was coined from the base of the verb *sovati, *sujǫ ‘to slip, push in, press in, cram in, etc.’. with the help of the -it(y) suffix. Its original meaning was ‘slipped in, pushed in, pressed in, crammed in, etc.’. Consequently, the meaning of the Old Polish combination of a sowity coat ‘lined with cloth or fur, literally: stuffed, lined with something’ becomes perfectly clear. The meaning further developed as follows: ‘double, twofold, dual, amounting to the double amount, Latin duplex, duplus’ > ‘generous, abundant, rich, lavish, abundant with excess, measured with usury’ and others. It should be noted that when it comes to the latter, sowity very much resembles the adjective (from the origin of the past participle of the past tense from suć < *suti, *sъpǫ ‘to poor’) suty ‘abundant, rich, prosperous’ and ‘generous, abundant, lordly’, e.g. abundant payment, abundant remuneration, ‘prosperous; magnificent, splendid’, e.g. rich and abundant dress, rich attire. It is hard to resist the impression that sowity and suty influenced each other semantically, cf. above all the common meaning ‘generous, abundant, rich, prosperous, generous’
Językowa percepcja zapachu w kulturze polskiej (na materiale eksperymentu psycholingwistycznego)
Full text linkThe article presents the results of an experiment carried out with Polish language users, namely the linguistic representation of an unpleasant smell in Polish linguistic culture, and the smells identified by the speakers in the bathroom and the bedroom a reflection of these concepts in Polish dictionaries. Psycholinguistic realities differ from the lexicographic representation, there is no reference to smell in the dictionaries which, in my opinion, may hinder recognition specific objects.The article presents the results of an experiment carried out with Polish language users, namely the linguistic representation of an unpleasant smell in Polish linguistic culture, and the smells identified by the speakers in the bathroom and the bedroom a reflection of these concepts in Polish dictionaries. Psycholinguistic realities differ from the lexicographic representation, there is no reference to smell in the dictionaries which, in my opinion, may hinder recognition specific objects
Польські впливи в руських грамотах XIV-XVII ст.
Full text linkThis paper aims to analyze the role of Polish documents and the official Polish business language in the formation and development of the syntax and, more generally, the style of Ruthenian deeds from the second half of the 14th and the first half of the 17th century. Since the formula of Ruthenian acts from the 14th to the first half of the 16th century developed under the influence of Czech and Latin models, as well as the then casual or business Polish, by the middle of the 16th century, a certain similarity had emerged between Russian- and Polish-language registers. In fact, the stage was set for the adoption and functioning of subsequent borrowings from the Polish formular, which in such circumstances did not seem artificial or alien in the Russian language.The influence of the formular of the Polish-language deeds became evident in Ruthenian diplomas from the mid- 16th century. Over time, they intensified and reached the peak by the mid- 17th century. Polish influences in the style of Ruthenian deeds following the Union of Lublin manifested themselves in the use of new formulas and in the role of the Polish language as a disseminator and activator of linguistic phenomena corresponding to Polish ones: anything that did not resemble the Polish style models had to be changed to bear the resemblance. On the other hand, it should be stressed that the development of the Ruthenian formular was not a slavish imitation of other stylistic models. Rather, it was a creative process: the formulas were modified to form new variants of linguistic clichés. From the mid- 16th century, especially following the Union of Lublin, the syntax of the Russian acts (heavily influenced by the Polish language) was reconstructed according to the rhetorical model. This was due both to the general rhetoric prevailing in Polish prose genres, and to the spread of the European Latin-language model of education in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, including Ukraine. Rhetoric at the level of the syntax was reflected in the dominance of the period, based on the hypotactic principle, and was the main characteristic of the syntactic organization of the text.This paper aims to analyze the role of Polish documents and the official Polish business language in the formation and development of the syntax and, more generally, the style of Ruthenian deeds from the second half of the 14th and the first half of the 17th century. Since the formula of Ruthenian acts from the 14th to the first half of the 16th century developed under the influence of Czech and Latin models, as well as the then casual or business Polish, by the middle of the 16th century, a certain similarity had emerged between Russian- and Polish-language registers. In fact, the stage was set for the adoption and functioning of subsequent borrowings from the Polish formular, which in such circumstances did not seem artificial or alien in the Russian language.The influence of the formular of the Polish-language deeds became evident in Ruthenian diplomas from the mid- 16th century. Over time, they intensified and reached the peak by the mid- 17th century. Polish influences in the style of Ruthenian deeds following the Union of Lublin manifested themselves in the use of new formulas and in the role of the Polish language as a disseminator and activator of linguistic phenomena corresponding to Polish ones: anything that did not resemble the Polish style models had to be changed to bear the resemblance. On the other hand, it should be stressed that the development of the Ruthenian formular was not a slavish imitation of other stylistic models. Rather, it was a creative process: the formulas were modified to form new variants of linguistic clichés. From the mid- 16th century, especially following the Union of Lublin, the syntax of the Russian acts (heavily influenced by the Polish language) was reconstructed according to the rhetorical model. This was due both to the general rhetoric prevailing in Polish prose genres, and to the spread of the European Latin-language model of education in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, including Ukraine. Rhetoric at the level of the syntax was reflected in the dominance of the period, based on the hypotactic principle, and was the main characteristic of the syntactic organization of the text
Relacje Aleksandra Brücknera z Romualdem Hubem: o problemie polsko-niemieckiego dialogu naukowego końca XIX wieku
Full text linkThe article focuses on the peculiarities of the research laboratory of Aleksander Brückner and Romuald Hube used in their work on the collection of texts of court oaths from the 14th and 15th centuries. The background of the history of the academic dialogue between the two scholars is based on Aleksander Brückner’s letters kept in the Jagiellonian Library. They have never been used as a source of biographical information about A. Brückner or R. Hube. On the basis of the epistolary materials and additional published sources, the author attempts to reconstruct the process of working on the publication of invaluable artefacts of the medieval Polish language.The article focuses on the peculiarities of the research laboratory of Aleksander Brückner and Romuald Hube used in their work on the collection of texts of court oaths from the 14th and 15th centuries. The background of the history of the academic dialogue between the two scholars is based on Aleksander Brückner’s letters kept in the Jagiellonian Library. They have never been used as a source of biographical information about A. Brückner or R. Hube. On the basis of the epistolary materials and additional published sources, the author attempts to reconstruct the process of working on the publication of invaluable artefacts of the medieval Polish language
Losy Dobrego Żołnierza Szwejka W ZSRR i w Rosji
Full text linkThe article presents the complicated and often tragic history of the translation of Jaroslav Hašek’s novel into Russian. Using selected examples, the author also demonstrates the advantages and disadvantages of various Russian translations, partly compared to the existing Polish ones. In addition, the paper discusses the reception of Hašek’s text in the USSR and in contemporary Russia where the work remains almost unknown to younger readers . In contrast, over time it is becoming more and more relevant to others.The article presents the complicated and often tragic history of the translation of Jaroslav Hašek’s novel into Russian. Using selected examples, the author also demonstrates the advantages and disadvantages of various Russian translations, partly compared to the existing Polish ones. In addition, the paper discusses the reception of Hašek’s text in the USSR and in contemporary Russia where the work remains almost unknown to younger readers . In contrast, over time it is becoming more and more relevant to others
Nad vybranými úskalími překladu Haškova Švejka
Full text linkAn adequate artistic translation of the world-famous Hašek´s novel „The Fateful Adventures of the Good Soldier Švejk During the World War“ is exceedingly difficult. Although we start from the position of translatability, it is necessary to point out a lot of problems and challenges which can be resolved only with extreme difficulties. Let us remind of Hašek´s comic relief, expressivity, period allusions and reality, functional alternation of colloquial and literary language, many slang expressions and other phenomena like stammering, mutilated Czech and some hard to translate grammar forms (for exapmle addressing an individual in plural). This article focuses above all on the traslation of passages written in foreign languages. In this respect, the novel offers a wide range of examples in Latin, Hungarian, Polish, Russian and Serbo-Croatian (even in their deformed form). When handling passages written in foreign languages, a translator should bear in mind the author’s communication purposes (for example,evoking an atmosphere of a foreign milieu or a comic situation), at the same time ensuring that they are understandable to a reader. In general, it is recommended to translate passages important from a semantic point of view and reduce their strangeness merely to the form of an indication (for example, adding “He said in Turkish“ after direct speech). The article analyses and comments on four methods of translation as proposed by A. V. Tchirikov.An adequate artistic translation of the world-famous Hašek´s novel „The Fateful Adventures of the Good Soldier Švejk During the World War“ is exceedingly difficult. Although we start from the position of translatability, it is necessary to point out a lot of problems and challenges which can be resolved only with extreme difficulties. Let us remind of Hašek´s comic relief, expressivity, period allusions and reality, functional alternation of colloquial and literary language, many slang expressions and other phenomena like stammering, mutilated Czech and some hard to translate grammar forms (for exapmle addressing an individual in plural). This article focuses above all on the traslation of passages written in foreign languages. In this respect, the novel offers a wide range of examples in Latin, Hungarian, Polish, Russian and Serbo-Croatian (even in their deformed form). When handling passages written in foreign languages, a translator should bear in mind the author’s communication purposes (for example,evoking an atmosphere of a foreign milieu or a comic situation), at the same time ensuring that they are understandable to a reader. In general, it is recommended to translate passages important from a semantic point of view and reduce their strangeness merely to the form of an indication (for example, adding “He said in Turkish“ after direct speech). The article analyses and comments on four methods of translation as proposed by A. V. Tchirikov