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Digital solutions to mitigate health inequalities: Preliminary results of a systematic literature review
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Strengths and weaknesses of the Swedish and Italian anti-trafficking systems
Get PDFIn this paper, we compare the Swedish and Italian anti-trafficking systems, with specific attention to measures addressing women who were trafficked for sexual exploitation. It is based on empirical qualitative data collected through the interdisciplinary EU project INSigHT – Building Capacity to Deal with Human Trafficking and Transit Routes in Nigeria, Italy, Sweden. We describe the respective systems, including their strengths and weaknesses. While both systems are largely based on a humanitarian governance model of support targeting “deserving victims of human trafficking”, they promote different visions of migrants’ inclusion. The Swedish system is characterized by short-term support measures, most of which are tied to migrants’ participation in criminal proceedings. The ultimate step in Sweden’s mechanism for the referral of trafficking victims is to return them to their country of origin. Conversely, in the Italian system we find long-term support measures, including residence permits and integration projects, which migrants can access without collaborating with law enforcement. Whereas the ultimate goal of the Swedish system is to prosecute crimes and have migrants leave the country, the Italian system acknowledges migrants’ wish and need to stay in Italy. These differences, we argue, are connected to the genesis of anti-trafficking policy in each country: while the Swedish system evolved from a top-down approach, in Italy it was grassroot efforts that paved the way to protection measures. Despite these differences, both systems fail to promote the full inclusion of women. They fail to recognize their agency and involve them in the definition and delivery of support measures. There is also an evident tension between institutional times (ex. resident permit validity and project duration) and biographical times (ex. women’s ability to tell their stories and collaborate in investigations).In this paper, we compare the Swedish and Italian anti-trafficking systems, with specific attention to measures addressing women who were trafficked for sexual exploitation. It is based on empirical qualitative data collected through the interdisciplinary EU project INSigHT – Building Capacity to Deal with Human Trafficking and Transit Routes in Nigeria, Italy, Sweden. We describe the respective systems, including their strengths and weaknesses. While both systems are largely based on a humanitarian governance model of support targeting “deserving victims of human trafficking”, they promote different visions of migrants’ inclusion. The Swedish system is characterized by short-term support measures, most of which are tied to migrants’ participation in criminal proceedings. The ultimate step in Sweden’s mechanism for the referral of trafficking victims is to return them to their country of origin. Conversely, in the Italian system we find long-term support measures, including residence permits and integration projects, which migrants can access without collaborating with law enforcement. Whereas the ultimate goal of the Swedish system is to prosecute crimes and have migrants leave the country, the Italian system acknowledges migrants’ wish and need to stay in Italy. These differences, we argue, are connected to the genesis of anti-trafficking policy in each country: while the Swedish system evolved from a top-down approach, in Italy it was grassroot efforts that paved the way to protection measures. Despite these differences, both systems fail to promote the full inclusion of women. They fail to recognize their agency and involve them in the definition and delivery of support measures. There is also an evident tension between institutional times (ex. resident permit validity and project duration) and biographical times (ex. women’s ability to tell their stories and collaborate in investigations)
Victimization among adolescents living in foster family care: Prevalence, patterns, and trends 2002-2022
Get PDFIt is well-known that experience of out-of-home care (OHC; foster-family care and residential care) is linked to numerous negative life-course outcomes, including poor health, premature death, criminal involvement and poor employment prospects. However, especially in the Swedish context, it remains unclear to what extent adolescents living in foster-family care have elevated risks for victimization compared to peers. Mirroring the decline in crime, studies show a drop in victimization rates in Sweden. While a socioeconomic gradient in victimization is recognized in the general population, it is unclear if differing trends exist. However, given the downward trend in crime, it is likely that such disparities also affect victimization. Considering the vulnerability of OHC- experienced, and previous findings indicating disadvantageous trends among less privileged groups, it is reasonable to expect distinct victimization patterns in this population. Drawing on repeated cross-sectional data from more than 120,000 Stockholm adolescents 2002-2022, of which around one percent report that they live in foster family care, the presentation discloses the prevalence and patterns of victimization in adolescents living in foster-family care, and if there have been any changes over time. Results from multivariable regression analyses show that adolescents living in foster-family care face a substantially elevated risk of experiencing various forms of victimization, including multiple types of harm, compared to peers of the same age living in different family settings. This elevated risk, particularly noticeable among girls, persists even after accounting for confounding factors related to their own risk behaviors. Although on a higher level, care-experienced largely followed the same trend in victimization as their peers. The alarmingly high risks of victimization are concerning and call for action from policymakers and practitioners
Utredningar i svensk barnavård: Gör Signs of Safety någon skillnad?
Get PDFDenna presentation bygger på ett pågående forskningsprojekt om utredningsarbete i den sociala barnavården. Forskningsprojektet inbegriper sex svenska kommuner och har initierats och samskapats med chefer och medarbetare från socialtjänsten. Studiens övergripande syfte är att utforska de arbetssätt som används med särskilt fokus på risk- och skyddsbedömningar och interaktionen mellan socialsekreterare och de barn, föräldrar och nätverk som utreds. I studien jämförs kommuner som sedan många år ser modellen Signs of Safety som grundläggande för sitt sätt att arbeta med kommuner som nyligen implementerat den och kommuner som enbart jobbar utifrån BBIC.
Signs of Safety utvecklades i Australien på 1990-talet i syfte att förbättra socialt arbete med familjer och deras nätverk samt öka skyddet för barn som riskerar att fara illa (Turnell & Murpy, 2017). Modellen kan användas från det att ett ärende initieras i socialtjänsten till dess att det avslutas. Tanken är också att modellen ska leda till ett förändrat synsätt hos dem som utför utredningar, med mer tyngd på delaktighet, styrkeområden och lösningsfokus. Signs of Safety har väckt stort intresse inom svensk socialtjänst. Enligt den egna organisationen (elia.ngo) har deltagare från hälften av Sveriges kommuner genomgått utbildning över årens lopp. Intresset kan ses som en respons på den återkommande kritik som riktats mot barnavården (senast via SOU 2023:66). Trots det stora intresset finns det begränsad forskning om modellen, inte minst i en svensk kontext (SBU, 2022).
I studien används flera datakällor för att spåra likheter och skillnader i såväl arbetssätt som utfall. I presentationen kommer vi att redogöra för preliminära resultat från en granskning av 90 avslutade utredningar där vi bland annat analyserat hur barn, föräldrar och deras nätverk gjorts delaktiga i utredningens olika faser, bland annat när det gäller bedömning och beslut
Barns möte med socialtjänsten: metoder för att konkretisa delaktighet
Get PDFBarn har enligt Barnkonventionen rätt till delaktighet och komma till tals frågor som rör dem. Socialtjänsten har som uppdrag att säkerhetsställa barns välfärd och hälsa. Barn som misstänks fara illa och som kommer i kontakt med socialtjänsten är en särskilt utsatt grupp. Det kan handla om barn som utsatts för övergrepp, har en ohållbar hemsituation och/eller lever nära någon som missbrukar (Socialstyrelsen 2022). Att dessa barn får ett bra bemötande, att de blir delaktiga i processen samt att socialtjänsten får tillräcklig information för att kunna göra en bedömning är centralt för att barns rättigheter och behov av skydd ska kunna tillgodoses.
I utredande samtal med barn eftersträvas barns deltagande och delaktighet. Dessa aspekter lyfts särskilt fram i riktlinjer och metodhandböcker (Socialstyrelsen 2018). Barns deltagande i samtal har också visat sig vara knutet till hur den som intervjuar agerar och om intervjuaren förmedlar förståelse och uppmuntran, vilket benämns som socialt och emotionellt stöd (Eriksson, 2024; Lamb m.fl. 2018). Utredande samtal har därför flera syften: att samla in information om barnets situation och främja barnets delaktighet. Dessa syften kan stå i konflikt med varandra som får konkreta konsekvenser för samtalets genomförande.
Delaktighet och barns inflytande är viktiga demokratiska principer men de är också mångtydiga begrepp och det är inte självklart hur delaktighet ska förverkligas i praktiken. Det saknas idag kunskap om vad som kännetecknar barns deltagande i utredande samtal och hur delaktighet praktiseras mellan socialsekreterare och barn när de möts i samtal. Mer specifikt saknas det kunskap om hur olika syften – utreda och stödja – hanteras i utredande samtal med barn.
I min presentation kommer jag presenta ett pågående FORTE-finansierat forskningsprojekt som fokuserar på barns delaktighet i mötet med socialtjänsten. Projektet fokuserar särskilt på spänningen mellan att utreda och stödja, och kan i förlängningen bidra till utveckling av socialtjänsten metoder när de möter barn i utsatthet. Interaktion- och samtalsanalytiska metoder lyfts fram som värdefulla verktyg för att belysa och nå kunskap om de samtalstekniker som yrkesverksamma socialarbetare använder. Det är genom att studera samtal, så som de genomförs i praktiken, som vi kan få kunskap om det professionella yrkesutövandet
Ontogenetic machines: The transindividuation of American Superhero Comics
Get PDFAs Marvel Comics resumed the publication of Neil Gaiman and Mark Buckingham’s Miracleman: The Silver Age in the spring of 2023, it marked only the latest phase in the ongoing transindividuation of a vastly distributed biotechnical organism dating back to the very inception of the American Superhero Comics industry. Tracing its roots to Captain Marvel – arguably the most successful emulation of Superman of the early 1940s – Miracleman emerges as a process of distributed labor involving generations of socio-technical and bio-cultural assemblages. Rebooted as Marvelman by the British comics industry in 1954, the title was again rebooted by Alan Moore and the DIY-aesthetics of the British anthology magazine Warrior in 1982, before returning to American publication at Eclipse Comics as Miracleman in 1985. Forming an important impetus to the so-called British invasion of the American comics industry in the 1980s, Moore’s – and from 1990 Gaiman’s – Miracleman evinces all the characteristics of revisionary and deconstructive superhero comics, being blatantly metafictional and self-referential. However, rather than as the outcome of an individual, authorial act of creation – that of Alan Moore’s or Neil Gaiman’s for example – I argue that Miracleman emerges as a cascade of feedback loops, generating while at the same time being generated by the cybernetic processes of the Superhero comics system. Using posthumanist media ecology (Bryant 2016, Fuller 2005), algorithmic criticism (Ramsay 2010) and Gilbert Simondon’s concept of transindividuation (Simondon 2020), this paper shows how the production of comics – and superhero comics in particular – can be framed as a cybernetic process of co-creation, involving the structural coupling of different ontological domains and orders: technical, social, legal, cultural, biological. Structurally, as well as thematically, Miracleman emerges as an ontogenetic machine
The aesthetics of authenticity: Mediated sincerity and the edited reality of video essays
Get PDFVideo essays in all genres and on all topics have taken over a corner of the YouTube media landscape. With a specific aesthetic grammar and media ecology as the backbone of their presence online, video essays nowadays can be understood as their own genre of media product purely (and solely) available on YouTube. This paper will examine the specific aesthetics of authenticity these video essayists use to convey their message. Using a collection of video essays on diverse topics but with the common denominator that they in one way or another speak touch upon Shinto, a religion from Japan, as a case study, I will argue for the existence of a specific aesthetics of authenticity that is shared by most of if not all video essays on YouTube. One that is both aware and to be understood to function within the media specific environment of the digital mass media, making use of popular culture and transmediating traditional media aesthetics, while at the same time being both aesthetically and technically autopoietic and self-referential to YouTube as a socio-cultural digital platform with an audiovisual aesthetics onto itself.
I am interested in looking at how authenticity is transmediated from older and more established media forms, as well as adjacent digital platforms and how these are reimagined through multimodality and intermediality and reworked on YouTube. Truth claims, sincerity and authenticity are always mediated and dependent of second-order observed edited knowledge of reality communicated and made tangible via the technical medium of display. Via a study of this mediated sincerity, realized by a complex multimodal network of basic and qualified media products found within the technical medium of display, I will argue that successful communication online always is realized via a media specific aesthetics of authenticity, both performed, authenticated via mediation, and contested, by the edited reality brought forth by YouTube as a cultural practice. Therefore, in conclusion, at the core of this paper lies a theoretical argument for aesthetics of authenticity as one of the main modes of online communication