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Children’s metalinguistic explanations in collaborative interaction within a form-focused instructional grammar sequence
Get PDFStudies on L2 task-based interaction have demonstrated the effectiveness of collaborative dialogue to raise young learners’ awareness of language forms in foreign language (FL) settings, especially in collaborative writing tasks (Calzada & García Mayo, 2021a; Gallardo-del-Puerto & Martínez-Adrián, 2022; Luquin & García Mayo, 2021). Among these studies, only a few have discussed the elaboration of children’s collaborative talk by way of the number of turns within their interactional episodes (Calzada & García Mayo, 2021b; Gallardo-del-Puerto & Martínez-Adrián, 2022), the construct of engagement (Azkarai & Kopinska, 2020; Calzada & García Mayo, 2020), and the presence of explanations (Gallardo-del-Puerto & Martínez-Adrián, 2022; Martínez-Adrián & Gallardo-del-Puerto, 2021). Yet, none of these studies account for the nature of such explanations. The present research aims to address this issue by exploring the incidence and focus of child EFL learners’ metalinguistic explanations, when performing form-focused tasks collaboratively within an instructional grammar sequence (IGS) about English modal verbs of obligation (i.e., have to, must, and should). Therefore, the study interrogates about the frequency of children’s explanations therein, and the focus of these accounts (i.e., content, meaning, form, pragmatics). The IGS was implemented in two intact classes of 6th Primary schoolers (11-12 years old) with an A1-A2 proficiency level in English (Council of Europe, 2020) during 6 weeks. Children’s explanations were analysed qualitatively considering certain typologies established in EFL interactional research with adults (García Mayo, 2002a; 2002b), and the different foci that the relevant literature distinguishes in their linguistic discussions (Azkarai & García Mayo, 2016; García-Mayo & Luquin, 2021; Leeser, 2004; Taguchi & Kim, 2016; Yang & Zhang, 2010). The quantitative analysis was based on descriptive statistics and specific statistical tests. Preliminary results indicate that the participating children offered a significant amount of metalinguistic explanations for their language choices, and that these interactional categories focused mainly on pragmatic aspects of the target language and content. The findings highlight the potential of IGS that include communicative and language awareness tasks to promote EFL child learners’ awareness of form-meaning-function mappings regarding specific grammar targets and their usage in communication.
 
Lärarutbildningsforskning i Sverige och Internationellt: Om konversationer och nätverkande genom vetenskaplig publicering
No full textTeacher education is vital to educational systems and is a recurrent theme in public discourses. Various stakeholders, including policymakers, national and international organisations, teacher students, and professional organisations express their aspirations and concerns regarding teacher education issues. Different interests are at work here, expecting teacher educations to manage and solve various problems in schooling and education, located in different societal contexts. They influence teacher education research, resulting in an increasing number of research problems and intellectual research approaches—consequently, teacher education research studies complex and diverse phenomena that organise a fragmented research field.
Given this complexity in teacher education research, it is important to get an overview of the field and its organisation in different contexts. Thus, this article aims to analyse the teacher education research field in Sweden and how it interacts with the international research community. We analysed conversations in teacher education research using bibliometric resources to fulfil this purpose. We did not work with citation impact measures. Instead, we identified how publications are linked to each other – or not – to understand how teacher education research organised itself in different networks as research fronts and intellectual traditions.
Data resources available in the ISI Web of Science database were combined with VOSviewer to analyse links between publications. In Web of Science, we identified in sum 23,886 publications out of which 358 had authors affiliated with Sweden.
We identified a massive expansion of publications with Swedish and international author affiliations. There was an Anglo Saxon dominance in terms of publications, journals, and university affiliations. Explorative cluster analyses of links between publications in terms of bibliographic coupling (using the same references) resulted in a set of research fronts working with different problems – such as teacher professionalization, educational change, digital competency, or subject didactics etc. – organized by conversations in various networks. Using co-citation analyses (co-occurrence of cited references) we identified different intellectual traditions – such as symbolic interactionism, pedagogical content knowledge, or critical discourse analysis – manifested in various networks.
Research with Swedish and international research affiliations was organised similarly and often linked to each other. But we also identified distinct networking in Sweden, such as subject matter didactics and policy analyses. Many research publications focused on problems in education and society to be dealt with by teacher education, making statements about change and reforms. In comparison, little research analysed existing teacher education designs and how they function in practice. Thus, change mattered most in teacher education research!
We concluded that teacher education research in Sweden is a fragmented field of study composed of distinct networks, often with solid links inside the networks, but little recognition of conversations outside these networks. To this is added that there is a strong interaction with the international research field, primarily referring to matters of educational change.
A last conclusion: this research has presented visual maps of teacher education research and how it is organized socially and intellectually as a fragmented research field. This fragmentation is due to the actual preconditions of teacher education in interaction with teacher education research. We argue that it is of vital importance for our research community to analyse how this fragmentation is working in different ways, what the grounds are for this, and to look for conversations that connect different networks!Syftet med denna artikel är att presentera en övergripande bibliometrisk utforskning och analys av konversationer inom lärarutbildningsforskning och hur denna komplexa verksamhet organiserar sig i form av forskningsproblem, kunskapsintressen och intellektuella traditioner. Analyserna behandlar de noder och nätverk som formas av länkar mellan publikationer genom konversationer i forskarsamhället. I fokus står svensk lärarutbildningsforskning och hur denna länkas till internationell forskning inom området.
Undersökningarna bygger på de resurser som citeringsdatabasen Web of Science och analysverktyget VOSviewer erbjuder. Vi identifierade 23 866 publikationer totalt, varav 358 hade anknytning till Sverige. En omfattande expansion av publikationer har skett under senare år – såväl inom svensk som internationell lärarutbildningsforskning – med en påtaglig anglo-saxisk dominans inom området. Explorativa klusteranalyser utifrån länkar mellan publikationer gav olika forskningsfronter med skilda problem och ansatser som behandlades i skilda nätverk. Vi kunde också identifiera särskilda intellektuella traditioner och förgrundsfigurer i olika nätverk. Svensk och internationell forskning uppvisade här åtskilliga likheter i sin organisering. Våra studier visar på ett fragmenterat forskningsfält positionerat i olika sammanhang och kunskapsintressen. Forskarsamhället behöver reflektera över skillnader i inriktning och lokalisering av forskningsproblem inom fältet samt analysera varför dessa uppstår liksom innebörder av att lärarutbildning förflyttas mellan olika forskningsfronter och traditioner
Negotiating With the Bogey Man: Perceptions of European-Southeast Asian Relations in Lore and Tradition
Get PDFPreregistration specificity and adherence: A review of preregistered gambling studies and cross-disciplinary comparison
No full textStudy preregistration is one of several “open science” practices (e.g., open data, preprints) that researchers use to improve the transparency and rigour of their research. As more researchers adopt preregistration as a regular practice, examining the nature and content of preregistrations can help identify the strengths and weaknesses of current practices. The value of preregistration, in part, relates to the specificity of the study plan and the extent to which investigators adhere to this plan. We identified 53 preregistrations from the gambling studies field meeting our predefined eligibility criteria and scored their level of specificity using a 23-item protocol developed to measure the extent to which a clear and exhaustive preregistration plan restricts various researcher degrees of freedom (RDoF; i.e., the many methodological choices available to researchers when collecting and analysing data, and when reporting their findings). We also scored studies on a 32-item protocol that measured adherence to the preregistered plan in the study manuscript. We found gambling preregistrations had low specificity levels on most RDoF. However, a comparison with a sample of cross-disciplinary preregistrations (N = 52; Bakker et al., 2020) indicated that gambling preregistrations scored higher on 12 (of 29) items. Thirteen (65%) of the 20 associated published articles or preprints deviated from the protocol without declaring as much (the mean number of undeclared deviations per article was 2.25, SD = 2.34). Overall, while we found improvements in specificity and adherence over time (2017-2020), our findings suggest the purported benefits of preregistration—including increasing transparency and reducing RDoF—are not fully achieved by current practices. Using our findings, we provide 10 practical recommendations that can be used to support and refine preregistration practices
Investigating Heterogeneity in (Social) Media Effects: Experience-Based Recommendations
No full textWe recently introduced a new, unified approach to investigate the effects of social media use on well-being. Using experience sampling methods among sizeable samples of respondents, our unified approach combines the strengths of nomothetic methods of analysis (e.g., mean comparisons, regression models), which are suited to understand group averages and generalize to populations, with idiographic methods of analysis (e.g., N=1 time series analyses), which are suitable to assess the effects of social media use on each single person (i.e., person-specific effects). Our approach challenges existing knowledge of media effects based on the nomothetic-only approach. As with many innovations, our approach has raised questions. In this article, we discuss our experience with our unified media effects approach that we have been building since 2018. We will explain what our approach exactly entails and what it requires. For example, how many observations are needed per person? Which methods did we employ to assess the meaningfulness of variation around average effects? How can we generalize our findings to our target populations? And how can our person-specific results aid policy decisions? Finally, we hope to answer questions of colleagues who are interested in replicating, extending, or building on our work
Comment on "Responsible Research Assessment: Implementing DORA for hiring and promotion in psychology”
No full textIn target papers, Schönbrodt et al. (2022), and Gärtner et al. (2022) proposed to broaden the range of the considered research contributions, namely (i) bringing strong empirical evidence, (ii) building open databases, (iii) building and maintaining packages, where each dimension being scored independently in marking scheme. Using simulations, we show that the current proposal places a significant weight on software development, potentially at the expense of other academic activities – a weight that should be explicit to committees before they make use of the proposed marking scheme. Following Gärtner et al. (2022) recommendations, we promote the use of flexible weights which more closely match an institution’s specific needs by the weighting of the relevant dimensions. We propose a Shinyapp that implement the marking scheme with adaptative weights to both help the hiring committee define and foresee the consequences of weights’ choices and increase the transparency and understandability of the procedure
Deus ex machina in continuous and discrete motion in dance
Get PDFDuring the 1990s, as computers became firmly embedded in the social, business, and artistic fabric of industrialized societies, the intermedial concept of humanmade aesthetic artifacts became challenged through information theory and through digital technology. In harking back to the technical tools of “old media”, such as the deus ex machina, the commentary voice of the ancient chorus or to the “modern multimedia'' avant-garde performances, the concept of ‘digital performance’ will be explored against the flattening opposition between old and new media of the postmodern or the digital age. At the same time, ‘digital performance’ is different from Bolter and Grusin’s paradoxical concept of “remediation” and from Elleström’s transmediation model that foregrounds the transfer of both what Bruhn calls “communicative content” and formal characteristics throughout time distinct from communication technology. In challenging these meta-narratives, the concept of “digital performance” highlights the variations of the discrete and continuous movement techniques in dance that are choregraphed with and without digital technology.
I will discuss dance as a medium of non-verbal communication that foregrounds rhythmic movements of the human body in the light of physical features, of personal space and time, and of techne, including technology. My goal is to explore the “augmented” or intensified potential aesthetic that unfolds by altering presence and absence of discrete and continuous “information”. Drawing from the variation of movements as a rhetorical or a musical mode, I foreground the potentiality to affect rather than transmit “content messages”, as dance can increase the effect of recognizing other lines or voices as a performative becoming while being inseparable from its counterpoint. Attention and affect are only evoked with respect to the principles of difference and repetition in relation to their surroundings. In short, I will argue that not the discrete digital technology in isolation but also the framed stages or screens showcase a theatron designed to draw attention to the aesthetic potential entangled with the spatiotemporally dependent expectations of and intra-actions with different perceivers
Journalist, influencer – infoencer. More than just a Term? Blurring boundaries of journalism on the example of TikTok
Get PDFIn the war for attention journalists’ attempts to gain particularly young people’s attention require new strategies almost on a day-to-day basis. The most demanding challenge is not to trade professional journalistic standards to the quest for market share and clicks, particularly on the platform that changes news consumption with an alarming speed: TikTok.
In Germany almost 60 percent 12-19 year old people use TikTok daily or several times a week – and on TikTok, Snapchat and Instagram the game is fundamental different from older social networks: Here celebrities and influencers play a significant higher role for news and information than journalists do (Reuters Digital News Report 2023). For journalism, the question to which extent influencers are about to become the new journalists, is crucial – particularly when this means: To which extend do journalists adopt successful strategies and presentation patterns of influencers to attract followership? This leads to new wordings, such as ,infoencer’, ,jinfluencer’ or ,journalist-influencer’. Will the new term soon lead to new job descriptions?
The adaption strategies of journalists on the example of the platform TikTok is in the focus of the current research project. On a theoretical level the research is based upon and aims to mould Chadwicks theory of hybrid media systems, assuming that different types of media form a system that evolves through mutual interactions and evolving, versatile relationships among older and newer media logics.
The study aims to answer three interlinked research question:
Which strategies being successful with influencers are adopted by journalists?
What does this mean for professional journalistic standards and journalistic quality?
And how does this change journalism’s role in society?
With the help of a content analysis and semi-structured interviews, the emerging study analyses the publications of successful journalistic providers on TikTok and compares them with classic successful influencer accounts
Intermediality and New Metaphors for Plastic Pollution in the VR Project Ripple: The Unintended Life of Plastics in the Sea (2019)
Get PDFThe image of the plastic island—which has been reproduced across different media—has become iconic of plastic pollution as we know it. Scientists, however, argue that the garbage island is a myth that obscures the actual distribution of plastic in the ocean (Eriksen 2017). As a hyperobject (Morton 2013), plastic is distributed at large spatiotemporal scales and in ways that can be difficult to imagine. Taking as a case study the project Ripple: The Unintended Life of Plastics in the Sea (2019), this paper explores how virtual reality technology can provide affordances for creating new, science-based metaphors for marine plastic pollution. This virtual reality project is an intermedial work that brings together Mandy Barker’s photography, music, voice-over narrations, and digital technology. My interest is twofold: first, I will examine the intermedial relations between words, images, and music within the digital media product Ripple; second, I will employ the theoretical-methodological framework of intermedial ecocriticism (Bruhn 2021; Bruhn and Salmose 2023) to analyse the transfer of scientific knowledge about plastic pollution from scientific media to this artistic digital work. The paper will show that (1) the artistic VR project Ripple conveys the spatial distribution of plastic in the ocean in a new, immersive way; (2) the VR experience invites the participant to switch between different scales of plastic pollution. The experience of scale-switching, in turn, produces indeterminacy that provokes multiple metaphorical interpretations: plastic waste may be seen as at once a mist, a new species, and an endless cosmic space