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A Global Biomedical R&D Fund and Mechanism for Innovations of Public Health Importance
Get PDFBernard Pécoul and colleagues call for the establishment of a global biomedical R&D fund as a key priority of the G7 summit in June 2015
MSF Scientific Day 2015
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Updated estimate of the duration of the meningo-encephalitic stage in gambiense human African trypanosomiasis
No full textThe duration of the stages of HAT is an important factor in epidemiological studies and intervention planning. Previously, we published estimates of the duration of the haemo-lymphatic stage 1 and meningo-encephalitic stage 2 of the gambiense form of human African trypanosomiasis (HAT), in the absence of treatment. Here we revise the estimate of stage 2 duration, computed based on data from Uganda and South Sudan, by adjusting observed infection prevalence for incomplete case detection coverage and diagnostic inaccuracy
Evolutionary history and global spread of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Beijing lineage
No full textMycobacterium tuberculosis strains of the Beijing lineage are globally distributed and are associated with the massive spread of multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis in Eurasia. Here we reconstructed the biogeographical structure and evolutionary history of this lineage by genetic analysis of 4,987 isolates from 99 countries and whole-genome sequencing of 110 representative isolates. We show that this lineage initially originated in the Far East, from where it radiated worldwide in several waves. We detected successive increases in population size for this pathogen over the last 200 years, practically coinciding with the Industrial Revolution, the First World War and HIV epidemics. Two MDR clones of this lineage started to spread throughout central Asia and Russia concomitantly with the collapse of the public health system in the former Soviet Union. Mutations identified in genes putatively under positive selection and associated with virulence might have favored the expansion of the most successful branches of the lineage
Reframing HIV Care: Putting People at the Centre of Antiretroviral Delivery
Get PDFThe delivery of HIV care in the initial rapid scale-up of HIV care and treatment was based on existing clinic-based models, which are common in highly resourced settings and largely undifferentiated for individual needs. A new framework for treatment based on variable intensities of care tailored to the specific needs of different groups of individuals across the cascade of care is proposed here. Service intensity is characterized by four delivery components: (1) types of services delivered, (2) location of service delivery, (3) provider of health services, and (4) frequency of health services. How these components are developed into a service delivery framework will vary across countries and populations, with the intention being to improve acceptability and care outcomes. The goal of getting more people on treatment before they become ill will necessitate innovative models of delivering both testing and care. As HIV programs expand treatment eligibility, many people entering care will not be "patients" but healthy, active and productive members of society.(1) In order to take the framework to scale, it will be important to: (1) define which individuals can be served by an alternative delivery framework; (2) strengthen health systems that support decentralization, integration and task shifting; (3) make the supply chain more robust; and (4) invest in data systems for patient tracking and for program monitoring and evaluation. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
MSF OCB Operational Research Day 2015
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