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Association Between HRP–2/pLDH Rapid Diagnostic Test Band Positivity and Malaria–related Anemia at a Peripheral Health Facility in Western Uganda
No full textMonitoring Treatment Outcomes in Patients with Chronic Disease: Lessons from Tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS Care and Treatment Programmes
No full textUsing BD Vacutainer CD4 Stabilization Tubes for Absolute Cluster of Differentiation Type 4 Cell Count Measurement on BD FacsCount and Partec Cyflow Cytometers: A Method Comparison Study from Zimbabwe
No full textBlood collected in conventional EDTA tubes requires laboratory analysis within 48 hours to provide valid CD4 cell count results. This restricts access to HIV care for patients from rural areas in resource-constraint settings due to sample transportation problems. Stabilization Tubes with extended storage duration have been developed but not yet evaluated comprehensively
Capitalisation de la mise en œuvre de la chimio-prévention du paludisme saisonnier au Niger
No full textLa chimio-prévention du paludisme saisonnier (CPS) a été mise en œuvre au Niger depuis 2013, conformément aux recommandations de l'Organisation mondiale de la Santé (OMS) et à la politique nationale de lutte contre le paludisme. Elle se déroule sous la forme d’une campagne de masse qui consiste en l’administration de doses curatives de sulphadoxine-pyriméthamine (SP) et d'amodiaquine (AQ) durant trois jours, à 28 jours d’intervalle entre juillet et novembre, aux enfants de 3 à 59 mois.\ud
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Les résultats de ce travail de capitalisation montrent que la mise en œuvre de la CPS dans le contexte du Niger a été réussite et ceci même avec une population cible qui a plus que doublé par rapport à l’année 2013. Cependant, nous ne constatons pas de simplification attendue du mode opératoire qui pourtant pourrait se traduire par une diminution des ressources humaines déployées et ainsi par une réduction considérable du coût de la CPS. Nous tenons à souligner que pour alléger de manière concrète l’implémentation de la CPS, MSF devrait envisager de tester des modes opératoires plus « osés » (p.ex. la distribution de plaquettes entières via les structures sanitaires), et ceci notamment dans les zones où la population est déjà habituée à la CPS et adhère bien à cette stratégie préventive. MSF a démontré la faisabilité de combiner la CPS avec d’autres activités préventives, notamment avec la distribution de Plumpy’Doz™, d’Albendazole, de moustiquaires imprégnés, ainsi qu’avec la vaccination de routine
Linezolid for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in HIV-infected and -uninfected patients.
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Geographic Distribution and Mortality Risk Factors during the Cholera Outbreak in a Rural Region of Haiti, 2010-2011
Get PDFIn 2010 and 2011, Haiti was heavily affected by a large cholera outbreak that spread throughout the country. Although national health structure-based cholera surveillance was rapidly initiated, a substantial number of community cases might have been missed, particularly in remote areas. We conducted a community-based survey in a large rural, mountainous area across four districts of the Nord department including areas with good versus poor accessibility by road, and rapid versus delayed response to the outbreak to document the true cholera burden and assess geographic distribution and risk factors for cholera mortality
Acceptability of new formulations of Corn-Soy Blends and Lipid-based Nutrient Supplements in Province du Passoré, Burkina Faso
Get PDFThe objective of this study was to evaluate the acceptability of new formulations of six corn-soy blended flours (CSB) and six lipid-based nutrient supplements (LNS) with different quantities of milk and qualities of soy to be used for the treatment of moderate acute malnutrition (MAM). Furthermore, we wanted to explore the acceptability of foods currently used for the prevention and treatment of malnutrition in Burkina Faso to identify possible barriers that could affect the acceptability of the new formulations of supplementary foods. The study was carried out prior to a randomized controlled trial evaluating the effectiveness of these new formulations. The study involved an observed test-meal and a three-day take-home ration of the experimental food supplements to 6-30-months-old healthy children, followed by questionnaire-based interviews about the acceptability of these supplements. Interviews and focus group discussions were carried out to explore the acceptability of foods currently used for the prevention and treatment of malnutrition. The results suggest that both LNS and CSB products with different quantities of milk and qualities of soy are equally well accepted among healthy children in rural Burkina Faso based on general appreciation of the supplements and organoleptic properties. All experimental foods received good ratings and there was no significant difference between the foods. However, after the take-home ration, 58% of participants receiving CSB reported having left-overs at the end of the day compared to 37% (n=33) of the participants receiving LNS (p=0.004), suggesting that CSB was not as readily consumed as LNS. Yet, both CSB and LNS products were perceived as easy to administer and the frequency of feeding was estimated to be adequate. The study also found that similar foods, used for the prevention and treatment of malnutrition, were well appreciated in the study location. LNS were to a higher degree associated with medicine or foods with medicinal properties, but both LNS and CSB were perceived as beneficial to child health
"Losing the tombola": a case study describing the use of community consultation in designing the study protocol for a randomised controlled trial of a mental health intervention in two conflict-affected regions
No full textCommunity consultation is increasingly recommended, and in some cases, required by ethical review boards for research that involves higher levels of ethical risk such as international research and research with vulnerable populations. In designing a randomised control trial of a mental health intervention using a wait list control, we consulted the community where the research would be undertaken prior to finalising the study protocol. The study sites were two conflict-affected locations: Grozny in the Chechen Republic and Kitchanga in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo
Estimation and Short-Term Prediction of the Course of the HIV Epidemic Using Demographic and Health Survey Methodology-Like Data
No full textMathematical models have played important roles in the understanding of epidemics and in the study of the impacts of various behavioral or medical measures. However, modeling accurately the future spread of an epidemic requires context-specific parameters that are difficult to estimate because of lack of data. Our objective is to propose a methodology to estimate context-specific parameters using Demographic and Health Survey (DHS)-like data that can be used in mathematical modeling of short-term HIV spreading