2564 research outputs found
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Enteric bacterial pathogens in children with diarrhea in niger: diversity and antimicrobial resistance
Get PDFAlthough rotavirus is the leading cause of severe diarrhea among children in sub-Saharan Africa, better knowledge of circulating enteric pathogenic bacteria and their antimicrobial resistance is crucial for prevention and treatment strategies
Infective endocarditis in Ethiopian children: a hospital based review of cases in Addis Ababa
Get PDFEffectiveness and Safety of Short Course Liposomal Amphotericin B (AmBisome) as First Line Treatment for Visceral Leishmaniasis in Bangladesh
Get PDFBangladesh is one of the endemic countries for Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL). Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) ran a VL treatment clinic in the most endemic district (Fulbaria) between 2010 and 2013 using a semi-ambulatory regimen for primary VL of 15mg/kg Liposomal Amphotericin-B (AmBisome) in three equal doses of 5mg/kg. The main objective of this study was to analyze the effectiveness and safety of this regimen after a 12 month follow-up period by retrospective analysis of routinely collected program data. A secondary objective was to explore risk factors for relapse
Prevention of acute malnutrition: distribution of special nutritious foods and cash, and addressing underlying causes--what to recommend when, where, for whom, and how
Get PDFAcute malnutrition is associated with increased morbidity and mortality risk. When episodes are prolonged or frequent, acute malnutrition is also associated with poor growth and development, which contributes to stunting Nutrition-specific and nutrition-sensitive strategies to prevent undernutrition during the first 1,000 days from conception to 24 months of age can reduce the risks of wasting, stunting, and micronutrient deficiencies. Under circumstances that exacerbate the underlying causes of undernutrition and increase the incidence of wasting, such as food insecurity related to lean seasons or emergencies, or increased incidence of illness, such as diarrhea or measles, additional efforts are required to prevent and treat wasting. Special nutritious foods directly meet the increased nutrient requirements of children at risk for wasting; assistance to vulnerable households, in the form of cash or food, enables households to better meet the food, health, and other needs of household members and may increase resilience; water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) and health interventions help prevent and address illness and hence reduce wasting risk. The contributions of specific interventions to reducing the incidence of wasting are difficult to assess under emergency conditions, due to ethical constraints and to the fact that multiple strategies are implemented at the same time. However, pragmatic studies under real-life circumstances, using different designs, e.g., including a group receiving "best possible" treatment, can provide evidence about what works, to what extent, at what cost, and under which circumstances. Programs should address the most important causes in given contexts, be feasible to implement at scale, and assess implementation, coverage, and outcomes
Hepatitis C seroprevalence and HIV co-infection in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Get PDFAn estimated 150 million people worldwide are infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV). HIV co-infection accelerates the progression of HCV and represents a major public health challenge. We aimed to determine the epidemiology of HCV and the prevalence of HIV co-infection in sub-Saharan Africa
Research Protocol - Effectiveness of nutritional supplementation (RUTF and multi micronutrient) in preventing malnutrition in children 6-59 months with infection (malaria, pneumonia, diarrhoea), a randomized controlled trial in Kaabong Hospital. Karamoja, Uganda
No full textResearch ProtocolOverall objective: To determine the effectiveness of 14 days supplementation with Ready to use therapeutic Food (RUTF) or micronutrients alone concurrently with treatment for diarrhoea, malaria or lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) in reducing risk of malnutrition and disease.\ud
1. Primary aim: Effectiveness of supplementation with RUTF concurrently with treatment for diarrhoea, malaria or LRTI in reducing incidence of malnutrition\ud
2. Secondary aims:\ud
a. Effectiveness of supplementation with a multi-micronutrient powder (MNP) concurrently with treatment for diarrhoea, malaria or LRTI in reducing incidence of malnutrition\ud
b. Effectiveness of supplementation with RUTF or MNP on reduction of frequency of diarrhoea, malaria or LRTI\ud
c. Explore effectiveness of the supplements in reducing malnutrition and illness in young children and breastfed childre
Research Protocol - Health and developmental outcomes of low-birth-weight infants born at the Centre de Référence d’Urgences Obstétricales (CRUO), Port-au-Prince, Haiti.
No full textResearch ProtocolPrimary objective:\ud
To describe and compare health and developmental outcomes between low birthweight (LBW) and normal weight infants up to 1 year post-partum, corrected for gestational age.\ud
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Secondary objective\ud
To identify risk factors associated with negative health and developmental outcomes in LBW infants
Investigating the Quality of Expectorated Sputum for Tuberculosis Diagnosis in Bolivia
No full textA low-power microscope-based cytological system to assess the quality of expectorated sputum provided for tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis was piloted in Bolivia. A total of 3688 samples were subjected to visual and cytological examination in nine laboratories: of these, 591 (16%) were misclassified by visual examination and 294 (8%) were found to be degraded. The degree of discordance varied between locations, and laboratories received a higher number of degraded specimens from isolated health clinics. Cytological assessment of sputum was found to be feasible and identified areas for improvement in the Bolivian diagnostic system for TB
