2564 research outputs found
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Extremely Low Hepatitis C prevalence among HIV co-infected individuals in 4 countries in sub-Saharan Africa
No full text: A multicentric, retrospective case-series analysis (facility-based) in five sites across Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, and Uganda screened HIV-positive adults for hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibodies using Oraquick rapid testing and viral confirmation (in three sites). Results found substantially lower prevalence than previously reported for these countries compared with previous reports, suggesting that targeted integration of HCV screening in African HIV programs may be more impactful than routine screening.This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives License 4.0 (CCBY-NC-ND), where it is permissible to download and share the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially without permission from the journal. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Oral cholera vaccination in hard-to-reach communities, Lake Chilwa, Malawi
No full textTo evaluate vaccination coverage, identify reasons for non-vaccination and assess satisfaction with two innovative strategies for distributing second doses in an oral cholera vaccine campaign in 2016 in Lake Chilwa, Malawi, in response to a cholera outbreak
How can integrated care and research assist in achieving the SDG targets for diabetes, tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS?
No full textIntegrating the management and care of communicable diseases, such as tuberculosis (TB) and human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune-deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS), and non-communicable diseases, particularly diabetes mellitus (DM), may help to achieve the ambitious health-related targets of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG 3.3 and 3.4) by 2030. There are five important reasons to integrate. First, we need to integrate to prevent disease. In sub-Saharan Africa, in particular, HIV infection is the main driver of the TB epidemic, and antiretroviral therapy combined with isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) can reduce TB case notification rates. In Asia, DM is another important driver of the TB epidemic, and preventing or controlling DM can reduce the risk of TB. Second, we need to integrate to diagnose cases. Between a third to a half of those living with HIV, TB or DM do not know they have the disease, and bi-directional screening, whereby TB patients are screened for HIV and DM or people living with HIV and DM are screened for TB, can help to identify these 'missing cases'. Third, we need to integrate to better treat and manage patients who have a combination of two or more of these diseases, so that treatment success and retention on treatment can be optimised. Fourth, we should integrate to ensure better infection control practices for both TB and HIV infection in health facilities and congregate settings, such as prisons. Finally, we should integrate and learn how to monitor, record and report, particularly in relation to the cascade of events implicit in the HIV/AIDS and TB 90-90-90 targets
Uncharted territory of the epidemiological burden of cutaneous leishmaniasis in sub-Saharan Africa-A systematic review
No full textCutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is the most frequent form of leishmaniasis, with 0.7 to 1.2 million cases per year globally. However, the burden of CL is poorly documented in some regions. We carried out this review to synthesize knowledge on the epidemiological burden of CL in sub-Saharan Africa
Utilization and acceptance of services for survivors of Sexual and Gender-Based Violence: Knowledge, Attitudes, Practices and Perceptions (KAP) in MSF catchment areas in Port-au-Prince, Haiti
No full textResearch Protocol2 Research question and objectives \ud
2.1 Research question\ud
To identify factors that could improve SGBV service utilisation and acceptance amongst MSF’s catchment population in Port-au-Prince, Haiti\ud
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2.2 Primary objective\ud
To understand how to improve utilization of SGBV services for the population in MSF catchment area Port-au-Prince, Haiti\ud
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2.3 Specific objectives\ud
1. To understand community knowledge related to SGBV, including its causes, consequences, treatment and services \ud
2. To understand attitudes towards SGBV\ud
3. To explore practices related to SGBV care seeking pathways, including barriers and enablers affecting service access and uptake\ud
4. To understand which strategies/activities people consider would be effective in improving uptake of SGBV services\ud
5. To understand which strategies/activities people consider would be effective in preventing SGB
SURVEY OF PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM SULFADOXINE/PYRIMETHAMINE (SP) RESISTANCE MARKERS IN MSF PROJECTS IN NORTH AND SOUTH KIVU, DR CONGO Short Title: SP Resistance Molecular Marker Prevalence Survey DRC
No full textResearch ProtocolPrimary Objective: To measure the prevalence of molecular markers of SP resistant malaria in North and South Kivu, DRC. Sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine (SP) forms the backbone of most malaria chemoprevention programmes in high endemicity settings, including intermittent preventative therapy in pregnancy and infants (IPTp and IPTi respectively) as well as seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC). P. falciparum parasite resistance to SP threatens recent triumphs preventing malaria infection in the most vulnerable risk groups. WHO guidance is that chemoprevention using SP may not be implemented when prevalence of the dhps K540E gene denoting SP resistance are greater than 50%. Simple, robust polymerase chain reaction (PCR) - based methods for molecular surveillance of resistance to SP have the potential to indicate whether SP-based chemoprevention programmes would be effective in areas where surveillance was conducted, but also to identify early stages of emerging resistance in order to advocate for alternative chemoprevention strategies.A minimum of 750 samples will be collected per province. Three sites per province will provide 250 samples assuming an estimated prevalence of 50% prevalence of dhps K540E gene with 95% confidence and 5% precision. This is also sufficient for robust estimation of the prevalence of dhps 581, an alternative critical marker. This sample size is calculated to estimate regional prevalence, i.e. for both South Kivu and North Kivu, and hence this study requires samples from multiple MSF sites (including from different MSF Operating Centre missions) e.g. Baraka, Kimbi and Lulingu amongst others in South Kivu and Mweso, Rutsuru and Walikale in North Kivu with a minimum total of 750 per province. If estimating specific prevalence in only one limited site, a large sample size would be required
Health and developmental outcomes of low-birth-weight infants born at the Centre de Référence d’Urgences Obstétricales (CRUO), Port-au-Prince, Haiti.
No full textResearch ProtocolSummary\ud
Title\ud
A prospective cohort study investigating health and developmental outcomes of low birth weight infants born at the Centre de Reference d’Urgences Obstretricales (CRUO), Port-au-Prince, Haiti.\ud
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Primary objective: To describe and compare health and developmental outcomes between low birthweight (LBW) and normal weight infants up to 24 months post-partum, corrected for gestational age.\ud
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Secondary objective\ud
To identify risk factors associated with negative health and developmental outcomes in LBW infants
The Impact of a Tick-Sheet in Improving Interpretation Accuracy of Chest Radiographs by Non-Specialists in an HIV positive cohort
No full textResearch ProtocolStudy objective\ud
3.1 Primary objective\ud
To determine if the application of a tick-sheet after four hour training on its use and on CXR\ud
interpretation, improves the interpretation accuracy of CXRs for active TB, by nonspecialists,\ud
in an HIV-positive cohort.\ud
3.2 Secondary objective\ud
To determine whether the application of a tick-sheet reduces the inter-reader variability of\ud
CXR interpretation in a group of non-specialists by comparing the inter-reader agreement\ud
before and after intervention
The rite of passage of becoming a humanitarian health worker: experiences of retention in Sweden
No full textLow retention of humanitarian workers poses constraints on humanitarian organisations' capacity to respond effectively to disasters. Research has focused on reasons for humanitarian workers leaving the sector, but little is known about the factors that can elucidate long-term commitment