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High incidence of subcutaneous emphysema in children in a Somali refugee cAMP during measles outbreak.
Get PDFDuring an outbreak of measles in a refugee camp in Ethiopia, 9 patients (age range 4 months to 18 years) were diagnosed with subcutaneous emphysema. Incidence of this rare complication of measles in this refugee camp was higher than previously reported. We hypothesize that the high incidence is most likely related to poor physical state of the refugee population with high rates of malnutrition
Mortality in Patients with HIV-1 Infection Starting Antiretroviral Therapy in South Africa, Europe, or North America: A Collaborative Analysis of Prospective Studies
Get PDFHigh early mortality in patients with HIV-1 starting antiretroviral therapy (ART) in sub-Saharan Africa, compared to Europe and North America, is well documented. Longer-term comparisons between settings have been limited by poor ascertainment of mortality in high burden African settings. This study aimed to compare mortality up to four years on ART between South Africa, Europe, and North America
Research Protocol - A randomized trial of AmBisome monotherapy and combination of AmBisome and miltefosine for the treatment of VL in HIV positive patients in Ethiopia followed by secondary VL prophylactic treatment with pentamidine
No full textResearch ProtocolGeneral Objectives\ud
The overall objective of this trial is to identify a safe and effective treatment for VL in HIV coinfected\ud
patients.\ud
Primary Objective:\ud
To evaluate at day 29 assessment the efficacy of a combination regimen of AmBisome® +\ud
miltefosine and AmBisome® monotherapy in Ethiopian co-infected HIV + VL patients.\ud
Secondary Objectives:\ud
1. To evaluate relapse-free survival at day 390 (after initial cure at day 29 or cure at day 58 after\ud
extended treatment).\ud
2. To assess safety of the regimens.\ud
Other objectives:\ud
1.To evaluate of viral load and CD4 count in all patients\ud
2. To evaluate the pharmacokinetics of ARV, Ambisome and miltefosine and immune function\ud
markers in a subset of patient
Effects of Treatment Interruption Patterns on Treatment Success Among Patients With Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis in Armenia and Abkhazia
No full textThe success of the current treatment regimen for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is poor partly due to a high defaulter rate. Many studies explored predictors of poor outcomes, but very few assessed the impact of treatment interruptions on MDR-TB treatment outcomes
HIV and visceral leishmaniasis coinfection in Bihar, India: an underrecognized and underdiagnosed threat against elimination.
No full textTo access this article, click on "Additional Links".Although human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and visceral leishmaniasis coinfection is recognized as a major public health challenge in Africa, data regarding the prevalence in India are very limited. Consecutive HIV screening of 2077 patients aged ≥14 years with confirmed visceral leishmaniasis in Bihar, eastern India, found that 5.6% were HIV positive, including 2.4% with newly diagnosed HIV infection
Expanding Access to HIV Viral Load Testing: A Systematic Review of RNA Stability in EDTA Tubes and PPT beyond Current Time and Temperature Thresholds
Get PDFHIV viral load (VL) testing is the gold standard for antiretroviral treatment monitoring, but many barriers exist to VL testing in resource-limited settings, including storage and transport limitations for whole blood and plasma. Data from various studies indicate that HIV RNA is stable beyond current recommendations. We conducted a systematic review to assess stability data of HIV RNA in whole blood and plasma across times and temperatures
Post-licensure deployment of oral cholera vaccines: a systematic review
Get PDFTo describe and analyse the characteristics of oral cholera vaccination campaigns; including location, target population, logistics, vaccine coverage and delivery costs
Management of pregnant women infected with Ebola virus in a treatment centre in Guinea, June 2014
Get PDFAmbulatory tuberculosis treatment in post-Semashko health care systems needs supportive financing mechanisms
Get PDFThe tuberculosis (TB) control strategy in the Republic of Karakalpakstan, Uzbekistan, is being changed to decentralised out-patient care for most TB patients by the Government of Uzbekistan, in collaboration with the international medical humanitarian organisation Médecins Sans Frontières. Ambulatory treatment of both drug-susceptible and drug-resistant TB from the first day of treatment has been recommended since 2011. Out-patient treatment of TB from the beginning of treatment was previously prohibited. However, the current Uzbek health financing system, which evolved from the Soviet Semashko model, offers incentives that work against the adoption of ambulatory TB treatment. Based on the 'Comprehensive TB Care for All' programme implemented in Karakalpakstan, we describe how existing policies for the allocation of health funds complicate the scale-up of ambulatory-based management of TB
A Retrospective Analysis of Pediatric Cases Handled by the MSF Tele-Expertise System
Get PDFWe conducted a retrospective analysis of all pediatric cases referred by Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) field doctors via the MSF telemedicine system during a 4-year period from April 2010. A total of 467 pediatric cases were submitted, representing approximately 40% of all telemedicine cases. The median age of the patients was 4 years. The median response time (i.e., the interval between the case being submitted and the first response from a specialist) was 13 h (interquartile range 4-32 h). We selected a random sample of 12 pediatric cases in each of four age categories for detailed analysis by an experienced MSF pediatrician. In the 48 randomly selected cases, the mean rating for the quality of information provided by the referrer was 2.8 (on a scale from 1 = very poor to 5 = very good), and the mean rating for the appropriateness of the response was 3.3 (same scale). More than two-thirds of the responses were considered to be useful to the patient, and approximately three-quarters were considered to be useful to the medical team. The usefulness of the responses tended to be higher for the medical team than for the patient, and there was some evidence that usefulness to both groups was lower in newborns and adolescent patients. The telemedicine system allows the quality of the medical support given to medical teams in the field to be controlled objectively as there is a record of all cases and answers. Telemedicine has an important role in supporting the aims of medical humanitarian organizations such as MSF