PTE Journals (University of Pécs)
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Afrikai birodalmak a Száhel-övezetben, történeti áttekintés
No full textIn the last millennium and a half, a series of empires arose, flourished, and then disappeared in the Sahel region stretching from the Atlantic Ocean to the Red Sea. To what extent these empires were the result of autochthonous development, and to what extent were the consequences of migration and cultural diffusion through civilizational corridors, is a subject of debate. On the other hand, it is indisputable that the basis of their existence was trans-Saharan trade, providing resources and military superiority. The decline was also clearly caused by the relocation of the main trade routes, which was only completed by European colonization. These Sahelian empires and their prominent rulers are historical landmarks in today’s Africa, serving as a source of pride in a continent that has been squeezed out and forced into submission until recently. There is therefore a well-understood interest in creating an adequate historical image, cleansed of prejudices, exaggerations, and often from products of fantasy.Az utóbbi másfél évezredben az Atlanti-óceántól a Vörös-tengerig húzódó Száhel-övezetben birodalmak sora keletkezett, élte virágkorát, majd elenyészett. Vita tárgyát képezi, hogy ezek a birodalmak mennyiben voltak autochton fejlődés eredményei, s mennyiben a civilizációs folyosókon át érkező migráció, a kulturális diffúzió következményei. Az viszont vitathatatlan, hogy létezésük alapját a transzszaharai kereskedelem jelentette, biztosítva az erőforrásokat, a katonai fölényt. A hanyatlást is egyértelműen a fő kereskedelmi útvonalak áthelyeződése okozta, amit csak betetőzött az európai gyarmatosítás. Ezek a Száhel-övezeti birodalmak, kiemelkedő uralkodóik a mai Afrikában történelmi fogódzókat jelentenek, egy kiszipolyozott, egészen a közelmúltig alávetettségbe kényszerített kontinensen a büszkeség forrásaként szolgálnak. Jól felfogott érdek fűződik tehát az előítéletektől, a túlzásoktól, s gyakran a fantázia szüleményeitől letisztított, adekvát történelmi kép kialakításához
A Száhel-övezet politikai földrajza
No full textThe Sahel region serves as a critical geopolitical zone due to its unique climatic, cultural, and political landscape. In recent years, this semi-arid region has garnered significant attention from international actors, primarily driven by concerns over migration, terrorism, and regional instability. This study examines the complex political geography of the Sahel, focusing on the historical context of colonization and its lasting impacts on state formation and governance. It explores the multifaceted definitions of the Sahel, from geographical to political, and how these definitions influence international policy and intervention. Furthermore, the study delves into the region\u27s socio-economic challenges, exacerbated by a legacy of imperfect decolonization. By analyzing the intersections of history, politics, and international relations, this paper provides a comprehensive overview of the Sahel\u27s ongoing struggles and the global implications of its future trajectory.A Száhel-övezet egyedülálló éghajlati, kulturális és politikai adottságai miatt kritikus geopolitikai övezetként szolgál. Az elmúlt években ez a félsivatagos régió jelentős figyelmet kapott a nemzetközi szereplők részéről, elsősorban a migrációval, a terrorizmussal és a regionális instabilitással kapcsolatos aggodalmak miatt. A tanulmány a Száhel-övezet összetett politikai földrajzát vizsgálja, a gyarmatosítás történelmi összefüggéseire és annak az államalakulásra és kormányzásra gyakorolt tartós hatásaira összpontosítva. Feltárja a Száhel sokrétű meghatározását, kitér a régió társadalmi-gazdasági kihívásaira, a történelem, a politika és a nemzetközi kapcsolatok metszéspontjainak elemzésével az írás átfogó áttekintést nyújt a Száhel-övezet folyamatban lévő kihívásairól, az interdependens problémákról és az esetleges globális következményekről
Az éghajlatvédelem poétikája és etikája felé. Ragadozók, bányászat, Szent Ágoston
Get PDFTowards a Poetics and Ethics of Climate ProtectionThe study addresses the urgent need for a comprehensive approach to climate change, emphasising the role of individual responsibility and political action. It advocates for a shift in thinking, where each person acknowledges their responsibility for climate change, which is crucial for developing effective strategies to combat it. The author agrees with the consensus among climate scientists and scientific circles that human activity is the primary cause of global warming. However, argues that a democratic society lacks a single authoritative figure to dictate actions, placing the onus on individuals to act responsibly and ethically. Exploring the ethical dimensions, the text delves into the philosophical and ethical implications of our relationship with the Earth, drawing on Saint Augustine\u27s reflections on time and the nature of the past. It discusses the concept of exploiting the Earth\u27s resources, likening it to enslaving the past, and emphasises the need to treat these resources as partners in our survival rather than mere commodities. The author argues for a sustainable and ethical approach to resource management, advocating for a balance between taking from and giving back to the Earth. The text concludes by discussing the role of technology, ethics, and legislation in reversing climate change. It highlights the need for more excellent knowledge, responsibility, and collective action to understand and mitigate the adverse effects of climate change. János Boros calls for extending Kant\u27s categorical imperative to include the Earth, emphasising the moral obligation to protect and sustain the planet for future generations. Overall, the study is a comprehensive and philosophical exploration of climate change\u27s ethical and practical challenges, advocating for individual responsibility, strong legislative action, and reevaluating our relationship with the Earth
Posztkommunista vákuum, avagy a nemzet diskurzusának közép-kelet-európai vonatkozásai
Get PDFPost-communist vacuum or the discourse of the nation in CentralEastern EuropeThe sociography of the Central and Eastern European region has been the subject of a very productive social science discourse in recent decades. In these writings, we see, for the most part, that various approaches to regional otherness have emerged from different disciplines, which seek the roots of this otherness primarily in differential national development and the socialist past. The following paper summarises these ideas and their critical reception in a broader sense of the region and a narrower senseof Hungarian society
Településetika és versenyképesség összefüggései, a lakhelyválasztási preferenciák etikai vonatkozásai
Get PDFRelationships between settlement ethics and competitiveness, ethical aspects of residential choice preferences
In the modern social and economic environment, the competitiveness of settlements is highlighted due to the promotion of sustainable development and social well-being. People have always tended to live in such cities and towns where they perceive a better quality of life, more opportunities, and greater development potential, so they are becoming increasingly aware of the importance of sustainable lifestyles and community responsibility. Ethical and responsible management of a settlement and respectful treatment of people, animals and the environment can help its competitiveness in the long term. Success depends on several factors, such as the quality of infrastructure, economic activity, availability of educational and health facilities, cultural life, environmental sustainability, and trust and cohesion between individuals. Settlements built on such foundations can be more sustainable in the long term and more attractive to residents, investors and businesses. Decision-making, community responsibility and the promotion of sustainability will improve settlements\u27 competitiveness and long-term prosperity. Among other things with bettering intentions, the task of the city administration is aimed at increasing the number of businesses that provide a decent living, as well as creating a well-kept and aesthetic natural and built environment, providing quality public services that are easily accessible to everyone, creating high-quality, attractive events, and spaces with a community function. By examining the competitive nature of human activities and actions and the underlying ethical, psychological and social dimensions of competitive and non-competitive cooperation, a multidisciplinary field emerges along which we can analyse the interrelations between human action, ethics, psychology and society in the context of competition and cooperation
Najčešće pogreške u uporabi prijedloga hrvatskoga jezika kod izvornih govornika španjolskoga jezika
Get PDFPrepositions are an invariable type of word, but quite often used at the sentence level. The central question posed by this paper is what mistakes native speakers of Spanish, who are learning Croatian at beginner levels (A1 and A2), make when using Croatian prepositions, considering that Croatian and Spanish prepositions differ in usage. The mistakes were analyzed based on essay texts written in the Croatian Language for Foreigners course at the CEHAS program at the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences in Split. The errors were systematized according to prepositions and cases. In the final part of the paper, possibilities for eliminating and preventing this type of errors are outlined.Prijedlozi su nepromjenjiva vrsta riječi, ali dosta česta u uporabi na razini rečenice. Središnje pitanje koje ovaj rad postavlja jest koje pogreške izvorni govornici španjolskoga jezika koji uče hrvatski jezik kao ini na početnoj razini (A1 i A2) rade pri korištenju hrvatskih prijedloga, imajući u vidu da se hrvatski i španjolski prijedlozi razlikuju u uporabi. Pogreške su proučene na temelju esejističkih tekstova pisanih na nastavi kolegija Hrvatski jezik za strance polaznika CEHAS-a na Filozofskom fakultetu u Splitu. Pogreške su sistematizirane prema prijedlozima i prema čestotnosti. U radu se objašnjavaju uzroci pogrešaka te se navode mogućnosti za uklanjanje i preveniranje ovakve vrste pogrešaka.The most common mistakes in using prepositions in the Croatian language by native speakers of the Spanish language. Prepositions are an invariable type of word, but quite often used at the sentence level. The central question posed by this paper is what mistakes native speakers of Spanish, who are learning Croatian at beginner levels (A1 and A2), make when using Croatian prepositions, considering that Croatian and Spanish prepositions differ in usage. The mistakes were analyzed based on essay texts written in the Croatian Language for Foreigners course at the CEHAS program at the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences in Split. The errors were systematized according to prepositions and cases. In the final part of the paper, possibilities for eliminating and preventing this type of errors are outlined
Автор и рассказчик в книге Э. Лимонова «Мои живописцы»: маска или подлинное Я?
Get PDFAuthor and narrator in E. Limonov’s book «My Painters»: mask or true self? The article explores the creation of an original mask. This longstanding tradition is acquiring particular relevance at the present time, which is associated with the changed sociocultural situation. The mass reader, under the influence of extra-textual reality, has developed clip thinking, which has led to a very trivial interest of the reader in art. The audience\u27s request to shorten and simplify meanings forces the author to hide his face behind a mask. Using the example of E. Limonov’s book “My Painters” it is shown how the practice of text construction is oriented towards a specific reader and correlates with the commercial specifics of the text. E. Limonov, reducing the historical value of famous paintings, rethinks the sublime world of art, presenting it to the reader as everyday life, filled with tangible elements of everyday life, while he does not take into account the symbolic meaning of works by artists of different times.В статье исследуется проблема авторской маски. Особую актуальность эта давняя традиция приобретает в настоящее время, что связано с изменившейся социокультурной ситуацией. У массового читателя, находящегося под воздействием внетекстовой реальности, сформировалось клиповое мышление, что обусловило весьма тривиальный интерес читателя к искусству. Запрос аудитории на сокращение и упрощение смыслов вынуждает автора скрывать свое лицо за маской. На примере книги Э. Лимонова «Мои живописцы» показано, как практика текстопостроения ориентируется на определенного читателя и соотносится с коммерческой спецификой текста. Э. Лимонов, снижая историческую ценность известных полотен, переосмысливает возвышенный мир искусства, представляя его перед читателем как повседневную, наполненную осязаемыми элементами быта жизнь, в то время как символическое значение произведений художников разного времени им не учитывается
Leasehold Payments from the Perspective of the Hungarian Chamber of Agriculture
Get PDFIn this study, the author presents and analyses the proportionality examination of leasehold contracts in the light of recent legislative changes from the viewpoint of the Hungarian Chamber of Agriculture, in this framework, the paper also deals with the practice of the agricultural administrative bodies. Starting from the relevant constitutional and statutory provisions, the study describes, through pragmatic examples, the obligations and possibilities of the Hungarian Chamber of Agriculture regarding the disproportionality of leasehold payments, as well as its emerging practice. The study concludes that the Hungarian Chamber of Agriculture is real support for agricultural administrative bodies in their procedures for determining the disproportionality of leasehold payments and that their decisions can reflect the value and interests of agriculture, as enshrined in law
A Balassa-kódex visszafejtési kísérlete: Észrevételek a Hozzászólásokhoz
No full textThe Balassa Codex is a mid-seventeenth century manuscript songbook consisting of three parts: the collections of the poems of Bálint Balassi, János Rimay, and “present-day poets,” respectively. These poems were copied by four hands; however, the names of the copyists are not known. The present essay ventures to make two claims. First, that the use of the fascicles is not consistent, most probably because of an involuntary switching of the paper and the intention to avoid empty sheet and leaf pairs (the theory of intolerance). Second, that despite all appearances, the copyists evenly distributed the material amongst themselves (the theory of a balanced division of labour). The latter claim leads to several textual consequences. The most important of these may even have a bearing on the dating of certain Rimay poems.A Balassa-kódex 17. század közepi kéziratos énekeskönyv, amely három részből áll: Balassi Bálint, Rimay János és az úgynevezett „mostani poéták” verseinek gyűjteményéből. Ezeket a verseket négyen másolták, a másolók neve azonban a feledés homályába merült. A tanulmányban két állítást kockáztatok meg. Az egyik, hogy a Balassa-kódex ívfüzetezése a kényszerű papírváltás és minden valószínűség szerint a toleráns lap- és levélpárok elkerülése miatt nem egységes (intoleranciaelmélet), a másik pedig, hogy minden látszat ellenére a másolók egyenlő részekre bontották maguk között a másolnivalót (az arányos munkamegosztás elmélete). Az utóbbi állítás több textológiai következményt von maga után. Ezek közül a legjelentősebb még a Rimay-rész forrásának a datálását is befolyásolhatja
A munkáltatói teljesítmény-értékelés munkajogi kontextusáról a módszertani megoldások tükrében
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