PTE Journals (University of Pécs)
Not a member yet
7338 research outputs found
Sort by
European and International “Instruments” for Criminal Cooperation – the European Arrest Warrant, the Extradition Warrant and the International Arrest Warrant
Get PDFThe main objective of this study is to present the key differences between the instruments of international and European cooperation in criminal matters, which determine and significantly influence their effectiveness. Criminal cooperation is perhaps one of the youngest areas in the history of European integration which, despite its early puberty, has developed over the years, albeit with some adolescent stubbornness, into one of the most effective instruments of cooperation between the Justice and Home Affairs agencies of the Member States of the European Union. The study concludes that the current instruments of criminal cooperation have simplified and accelerated surrender procedures, especially in the area of organised crime, at the same time also points out that a number of challenges remain to be addressed, related to the independence of the judiciary and the judicial system in general, the question of mutual recognition as well as the fundamental debates on international and EU law and values, constitutional principles and further harmonisation measures. It also highlights that despite significant efforts, there are still gaps in terms of effectiveness, efficiency and coherence with other measures and the use of digital tools
MFN Provisions and Related Issues in Bilateral Investment Treaties
Get PDFMFN provisions have been interpreted in a broad manner allowing the stakeholders to bring in financially beneficial provisions from other BITs. Using this broad interpretation, the policy instrument gives the opportunity to the investor to shop around for suitable provisions of BITs during disputes. The orthodox application provides substantive protection under the forum of international trade law, but in the field of international investment law this provision is used for both substantive and procedural treatment in the area of the investor-state dispute-settlement mechanism. What makes it more challenging is when the investor or the state invokes the investor-state dispute-settlement procedure before a different international settlement forum. Interestingly, the investor and the state earlier agreed on dispute-settlement forums via their BITs, but there are a lot of examples where a state has tried to receive protection from their domestic court in an international matter. Besides, MFN provisions are used for bypassing various requirements for establishing formal international arbitration. So, due to lacunae in government mechanisms, political instability and the lack of knowledge on the BIT’s binding nature, countries have to face legal and economic hurdles after signing it. In this article, the author has tried to discuss this broad interpretation of the MFN provisions of BITs by discussing existing cases of investor-state dispute settlement related to MFN provisions. The author has tried to focus on two basic subjects: a) MFN provisions and related issues regarding investment, and b) MFN provisions and jurisdiction
Data Protection Principles, and Customary International Law
Get PDFGiven the rapid technological advancement and cross-border nature of data flows, data protection has become a critical issue of global concern. The absence of a unified, binding global framework has exacerbated the complexity of this issue. Existing legal instruments are either inadequate, non-binding, non-comprehensive, or regional with limited geographical scope. Given the urgent need for international standards in data protection, this article examines the possibility of Customary International Law (CIL) addressing Data protection principles (DPP). The author posits that widespread state practice, combined with existing international and regional legal frameworks, provides a strong basis for the emergence of customary international rules governing DPP
Possibilities and Results in Medieval Hungarian University History Research – with A Prosopographical Focus
Get PDFIn my paper, I will demonstrate, what kind of literature and contemporary sources are available to explore the medieval Hungarian Peregrination. In the current state, we know about 12800 enrolments between 1100 and 1526, and we were able to clarify their career prospects after their studies by nearly 20%. Thanks to systematic research, this number will certainly increase. Although most graduate students did not use their degrees after their studies, prosopographical research has many other ways to reveal their identities and postgraduate career. Various inscriptions in university sources make it possible to identify the students, in connection with the reviving ecclesiastical and secular archontology research in the previous decades. Charters of the Hungarian National Archives before 1526 (more than 200 thousand pieces) are available online for every researcher. Short extracts were also prepared for a significant part of them, which makes easier the research in the beginning. On the other hand, a considerable part of manuscripts and early printed books from the medieval Kingdom of Hungary (around 90%) are lost or perished due to the Ottoman-Hungarian wars in the sixteenth–seventeenth centuries, however, several catalogues were made of the remaining sources, such as in Hungary (Csaba Csapodi-Klára Gárdonyi Csapodiné: Bibliotheca Hungarica I-III) or in Slovakia (Julius Sopko: Codices latini medii aevi Bibliothecarum Slovakiae; Codices medii aevi, qui olim in bibliotheca Slovaciae asservabantur et nunc in Hungaria et Romania asservantur). There are remarkable notes in these kinds of sources which can be related to medieval universities and students, which also makes it easier to follow their postgraduate life as well. The research of individual social groups, especially the nobility, is greatly aided by the genealogical research conducted by Pál Engel in connection with the Hungarian noble families of the Middle Ages. In this regard, we are constantly mapping and expanding the number of students of noble origin. At the end of my paper, it becomes visible through a few examples how these sources and the literature complement each other and how students’ careers can be reconstructed from them
Pécs University Almanac: Aims and Results – Technical implementation of the Pécs University Almanac
Get PDFThe Almanac project aimed to create a book and database of teachers with an academic degree from the University of Pécs and its predecessors. To enable data collecting, we first designed and constructed a database system with a web-based client. Then a group of researchers collected the information that was obtainable about the teachers and entered it into the database. The following phase involved data unification and revision. It took two steps to create a book using the database. It was first exported using a thorough script into Word files, which the editors then looked over and reviewed. After that, a desktop publishing program was used to add the photographs and various appendices to the raw text, creating the final book
The Social Structure of the Transylvanian Rural Society at the Beginning of the Eighteenth Century
Get PDFThe history of the Principality of Transylvania is one of the most popular topics in Hungarian historiography and is also of great international interest. Although our understanding of the principality has significantly improved in recent decades, the overall perception of the subject has not fundamentally changed.The studies aimed at achieving a deeper and more comprehensive understanding of the nations and communities of Transylvania have a long history; however, our knowledge remains incomplete in many respects. While we have detailed descriptions of the social structure of Transylvanian society and its unique self-organizing communities during the Middle Ages, there is a notable lack of analysis concerning social relationships in the centuries following the Battle of Mohács. This is particularly true regarding the structural composition of rural society.This paper aims to analyse the structural characteristics of rural society and conduct a comparative examination of its composition in Cluj and Turda Counties during the early decades of the eighteenth century. By analysing the relevant data, we can gain a detailed understanding of the social relations within the rural communities of the period, while also providing a terminological framework for examining the conceptual development of given social categories
A szklabonyai fiú, aki a magyar irodalmi életet hódította meg: Császtvay Tünde, Kettős tükörben: Mikszáth Kálmán élete és kora, Bp., Osiris, 2024 (Osiris Irodalomtörténet).
No full textRenewable energy and their environmental impacts in the European Union law
Get PDFThe present work aims to highlight the innovations of the European legislator in the field of renewable energy. The problems of the ongoing environmental crisis, and especially in the war sector, have had as their basis to open the way to new roads through the simplification of bureaucracy of a road of new stages where environmental policy has found ways to improve the life of the European people, face new energy crises in the near future and above all harmonize, integrate energy policy in the European territory as a necessity of the moment
DYNAMIC SHOOTING DRILLS
Get PDFThe main goals of these drills are learning the offensive ac-tions, taking game shots in the rhythm of the offence and reinforcing the shots that our team want to take. We must look at layups, shots at the rim and open three point shots. It is important to have in our mind, how the opponent team will play defense against our team. We have to prepare our team for the possible open shots we have to take. The pur-pose of the drills are to take uncontested layups and open threes. We do this shooting drill as muscle memories for our offence. The top criteria for decision making is spacing, mov-ing without the ball. Players must maintain good spacing, let the defence choose and the pass will be obvious
ACHIEVING THE DESIRED LEVEL OF AGRESSIVENESS AND FOCUS IN DEFENSE
Get PDFThere is a firm belief that there is not one right way we should do things, because there are different teams, differ-ent players and different clubs. Defense is still a very essen-tial part of winning, some teams are made to outscore the opponent, but at the end of the season, you can’t rely on this. In this topic rules are very important too, believing in concepts, working on them, so they become habits. Good defensive teams are not built to outscore, they are built to play organized