Pakistan Journal of Commerce and Social Sciences (ISSN 1997-8553)
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The Impact of Debt Service and Inflation on Economic Growth in Pakistan: Evidence from ARDL Model and Approximate Bayesian Analysis
Full text linkThe economy of Pakistan has been facing instability and downward trends due to several factors, such as rising foreign debt and goods and services prices. The regression and ARDL models are applied by using R software. Adding lag values of variables become necessary to measure the long-run relationship. Using an ARDL model with GDP as response variable, inflation rate and debt service as explanatory variables, it is found that GDP has significant negative relationship with lagged values of GDP at t-2, t-4, inflation rate at t-2, and debt service. The multiple linear regression explains 24.5% of the variation, whereas the ARDL fits well and explains 82.9% of the variation. Utilizing Bayesian analysis with ABC-MCMC provides more precise estimates of model parameters than the ARDL model, as evidence by smaller posterior standard deviations compared to ARDL standard deviations. This approach yields a comprehensive posterior distribution of unknown parameters, encompassing both point estimates and credible intervals. In light of this, it can be inferred that Pakistans GDP growth from 2000 to 2021 has been impeded by escalating rates of debt service and inflation rate. It is recommended that the government and policymakers prioritize sustainable economic growth, implement measures to manage inflation, and effectively address the issue of debt burden
Character Strengths at Work: Predictive Role of Signature Strengths and Demanded Strengths for Work Role Performance and Deviant Behavior
Full text linkCharacter strengths are presumed to highlight those qualities that are best in people and reflect people’s potential for achieving personal well-being and contributing to the workplace. The present study intended to corroborate the predictive role of character strengths and strengths use for self and supervisory ratings of job performance and deviant behavior. The sample consisted of employees (N = 178) who provided information about the study variables whereas their respective supervisors (N = 152) provided data for outcome variables (i.e., work role performance and deviant behaviors of the reporting employees). The findings showed that character strengths and strengths use are associated positively with self and supervisory-rated job performance and negatively with deviant behavior. Signature strengths use predicted self-rated work role performance while demanded strengths use predicted both self and supervisory-rated work role performance and deviance. The study suggests that the use of strengths at work improves one’s work role performance and reduces the likelihood of deviant behaviors
The Power of Commitment: How Can High Commitment Work System Build Resilience, Combat Stress and Cynicism
Full text linkThis study investigates the effects of high commitment work system (HCWS) on reducing employees’ psychological negativities like work stress and organizational cynicism through developing psychological capacities like employees’ resilience, a moderated mediation model is adopted to understand moderating role of occupational self-efficacy on the mediated relationship. Based upon positivist research philosophy and deductive approach, a close -ended survey questionnaire was adapted from different sources and used for data collection. The PLS-SEM technique was used to analyze the data in SmartPLS4. The results reveal that HCWS is significantly and negatively related to work stress and organizational cynicism. Furthermore, HCWS builds upon employee resilience which in turn negatively predicts occupational stress and cynical attitude among employees. The findings also suggest that interaction between HCWS and high occupational self-efficacy will further enhance the impact on work stress and cynicism via resilience. The study highlights the importance of promoting a positive work culture to support the wellbeing of organizational members and mitigate negative psychological effects
Top Management Green Commitment and Proenvironmental Behavior: Mediating Role of Environmental Knowledge Application and Moderating Role of Green Mindfulness
Full text linkThe paper studies the effect of top management\u27s green commitment (TMGC) and proenvironmental behavior (BEB) using the interaction effect of green mindfulness and the mediating effect of environmental knowledge application (EKA) using data collected from ready-made garment employees in Bangladesh. In this study, there were 121 supervisors and 328 subordinates in the subordinate-supervisor dyad. The partial least square-based structural equation modelling technique was used to test the hypotheses. The finding established that TMGC positively and significantly predicts employee task-related PEB. However, the relationship between TMGC and proactive PEB was supported in this study.
Additionally, TMGC positively predicts PEB and employee EKA. Likewise, EKA significantly predicts employee task-related and proactive PEB. Green mindfulness moderates the relationship between TMGC and task-related PEB, such that a high degree of employee green mindfulness strengthens the link. However, green mindfulness did not moderate the relationship between TMGC and proactive PEB, as hypothesized. With regards to mediation, EKA partially mediates the relationship between TMGC and task related PEB. Surprisingly, EKA was not found to be a mediator between TMGC and proactive PEB
Making Decent Work a Reality to Transgender Individuals: A Step towards a Realization of Sustainable Development Goals in Developing Countries
Full text linkThe main objective of the study is to determine the scope and importance of the crucial indicators that have positive impact in the provision of decent work (DW) opportunities to transgender individuals. In exploring the dynamics of DW, this study also investigates the important role of social & family support (SFS), career orientation (CO) and career initiatives (CI). Data was gathered from 341 transgender individuals residing in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. In this study, we used a cross-sectional design and survey method. Moreover, questionnaires were used to collect the data. Statistical techniques like regression and structural equation modelling (SEM) were applied to analyze the data by making use of SPSS and AMOS. Findings of the study support a positive predictive association of SFS, CO, and CI with DW, therefore, this emphasizes their relevance in shaping DW among transgender individuals. The findings of the study demonstrate that CI mediates the associations between SFS and DW, and CO and DW. The outcomes of this research indicate that SFS, CO, and CI have a significant role in ensuring DW role. Through focusing on the mediating mechanism in which CO, SFS and CI are important predictors, this study is first of its kind in the context of developing countries that attempts to present a solid framework that would be helpful in providing decent work opportunities to underprivileged class of the society especially transgender individuals residing in developing countries
CSR, Risk Management Quality and Corporate Sustainable Performance: A Mediated Moderation of Corporate Performance and Environmental Uncertainty
Full text linkThis study explores the complex interactions that exist between corporate social responsibility (CSR), risk management quality, corporate sustainable performance (CSP), and the moderating role of environmental uncertainty. Grounded in resource-based view theory, a cross-sectional field survey was conducted based on a sample of 291 managers working in Indonesian state-owned enterprises (SOEs). The data set was analyzed through partial least square based structural equation modeling using SmartPLS software. The results show that CSR and risk management quality have a significant impact on CSP. Moreover, results revealed that corporate performance (CP) significantly mediates these relations. Environmental uncertainty was found a significant moderator between CP and CSP. The study adds to the corporate sustainability literature by clarifying the complex relationships between CSR, risk management, and sustainable performance in the context of Indonesian SOEs
Servant Leadership and Psychological Well-being: A Philosophical Perspective and the Role of Religiosity and Power Distance Orientation
Full text linkThe COVID-19 pandemic has posed a vital challenge to traditional leadership practices. The virtual workplace is changing the way people are accustomed to working. Despite flexibility regarding time and space with the advent of digital technologies, employees face several psychological problems while working remotely. Servant leadership is one of the possible solutions to address this issue, but there is a question mark on servant leadership effectiveness in high power distance cultures. However, the closeness of servant leadership to religious beliefs can make it effective in such cultures. This research addresses the philosophy of servant leadership theory and employs Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to test a theoretical model to determine how servant leaders can positively impact employees working distantly. This research reveals that servant leadership helps employees cope with occupational and perceived stress and maintains their work-life balance by ensuring their psychological wellbeing. This research also finds that the compatibility of servant leadership with religiosity makes it more effective irrespective of cultural differences
Interpersonal Conflicts at Work and Knowledge Hiding: Moderating Role of Interactional Justice and Mediating Role of Workplace Well-being
Full text linkThe objective of this study is to examine the correlation between interpersonal conflicts at work and knowledge hiding. It also aims to determine the mediating effect of workplace well-being and the moderating impact of interactional justice. The study also explores how interpersonal conflicts at work and workplace well-being are influenced by interactional justice in Pakistan\u27s IT industry. First, the conceptual model that links the research\u27s main elements was theoretically grounded in pertinent literature. Second, data was obtained from 300 marketing managers of IT-based enterprises with a branch in a developing country via a structured questionnaire survey. Finally, analysis is done using SPSS software and to test the hypotheses, regression analysis is used.
Findings of this study demonstrate that interpersonal conflicts at work are positively associated with knowledge hiding. Additionally, the link between interpersonal conflicts at work and well-being is influenced by interactional justice. This paper also provides marketing managers of IT sector with practical advice on how to deal with workplace interpersonal problems
COVID-19 Outbreak: Consumer Impulsive Buying Behavior towards Personal Safety and Healthcare Products
Full text linkThe global escalation of COVID-19 in 2020 has altered the consumption patterns of consumers. The research on impulsive buying during a pandemic is understudied and requires more scholarly intentions. This study addresses this gap by utilizing the reflections of well-known theoretical lenses: affect theory, the health belief model, and social exchange theory in the context of impulsive buying attitudes toward personal safety and healthcare products. The research model hypothesized the positive association between emotional, cognitive, and behavioral aspects. A total of 407 online buyers were recruited through an online cross-sectional survey. The empirical model was examined by using a method of covariance-based structural-equation modeling. Data was analyzed by using SPSS 26 and AMOS. The study findings showed a significant positive association between emotional, cognitive, and behavioral aspects. Negative and positive appeals significantly drove consumer perceptions about threats, benefits, and costs. The study results supported that cognitive aspects were associated considerably with impulsive buying behavior toward safety care products. The study findings significantly affect regulators, academics, and practitioners interested in developing regulations and strategies during pandemic situations
Linking Workforce Diversity and Contextual Performance: The Mediating Role of Interpersonal Conflict and Moderating Role of Supportive Leadership
Full text linkDespite increased recognition, South Asian organizations\u27 interest in workforce diversity and its role in enhancing performance in a public environment remains limited. Interpersonal conflict has been a dilemma in collectivist and high power distant culture due to differences among supervisor and subordinate opinions, attributable to workforce diversity. Present study is an attempt to understand the relationship between workforce diversity and contextual performance keeping in view the mediating role of interpersonal conflict and moderating role of supportive leadership. The model is studied on primary data of 440 civil servants drawn through proportionate stratified sampling technique. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses are performed before model testing to establish variable construct validity. For model and hypotheses testing, structural equation modeling by using AMOS, and hierarchical regression analysis, by using SPSS is performed. The findings show a partial mediation of interpersonal conflict between workforce diversity and contextual performance. Moreover, moderating role of supportive leadership for workforce diversity and contextual performance in presence of interpersonal conflict is also found. The index of moderated mediation also supported the presence of moderated mediation. The paper reaffirms the social identity theory literature from Pakistan within South Asian region