Pakistan Journal of Commerce and Social Sciences (ISSN 1997-8553)
Not a member yet
665 research outputs found
Sort by
Exploring Organizational Consciousness: A Critical Approach towards Organizational Behavior
Get PDFMaintaining a higher level of organizational performance would always remain an active research focus. Increased complexity in business environment requires organizations to continuously revisit their human resources for augmented output. Organizational consciousness is a relatively new paradigm for analyzing organizational behavior that views organizations as self-consciousness entities. The analytical approach provided by organizational consciousness benefits OD practitioners and researchers to transform or bring about permanent changes in organizations. The purpose of the present article is to critically evaluate the literature available on organizational consciousness and set forth avenues for research in the domain. The article develops a conceptual foundation for researchers to explore new themes in the area
Firm Size, Exchange Rate and Exports Performance: a Firm Level Study of Pakistan’s Manufacturing Sector
Get PDFMost of the countries are now focusing on changing its exports structure, concentration and direction. Among many other factors, firm-size and exchange rate are the vital factors that influence the export performance of a country. This study has attempted to investigate the effects of firm size and exchange rate on domestic and exports sales. The study has used panel data technique over 10 years data focusing 205 manufacturing firms representing fourteen different industrial sectors. Two models are specified to explore the impact of firm size and exchange rate. First model examines the effects on export sales while the second model explored the effects on domestic sales. The findings of the first model suggest positive link among firm size, exchange rate and export sales. The second model exposed positive effect of firm size on domestic sales ratio while real effective exchange rate and domestic sales ratio are found negative
Moderating Role of Rational Thought Process in Measuring the Relationship between Emotional Attachment and Branch Trust
Get PDFThe objective of the study is to explore the moderating effect of rational thought process to measuring the relationship between emotional attachment and brand trust. The theoretical model has been drawn and tested by using hierarchal multiple regression model. To get more appropriate results, a CASC scale instrument that was developed by (Buck et al. 2004) that consist of rational thoughts and emotions has been adopted. The data was collected from the sample of 296 participants representing the main users including students and job holders of Pakistan who consumed carbonated drinks in their routine life. Statistical software SPSS version 16.0 employed for factor analysis, correlation and regression analysis. The significant and positive result shows that emotional attachment has a directly or indirectly impact on brand trust through the moderation effect of rational thoughts. This study provides firms to create emotional advertisements according to the rational behavior of consumers and develop different strategies to make strong brand trust of products in the mind of consumers
Dividend Payout Policy and Financial Crisis: Evidence from the Life Cycle Theory
Get PDFStudy aims to check the impact of financial crisis on the dividend payout policy by using the life cycle variables. To check this relationship, logit model is used to predict the probability to pay the dividend. Sample selected of 285 companies of non-financial sector listed at KSE by using the method of Fama and French (2001). Panel data is used to check this relationship for the period of 2001 to 2011. Results are analyzed through SSPS which shows that dividend has been changed significantly during the crisis. This research has shown that firms tend to maintain the high liquidity in the time of crisis
Development and Rasch Analysis of an Achievement Test at Master Level (Philosophy of Education)
Get PDFThe specific purpose of the research was to construct an achievement test in the area of philosophy of education for master level students in universities of Punjab (Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur and University of Sargodha, Sargodha. Test comprises 60 multiple-choice items, selected from the item bank constructed by researcher. This test was administered to 231 male and female students of M.A. Education and M.Ed. selected randomly. Data were analysed through Rasch model. As the result of Rasch calibration, three items were tossed out of the test. Figure latent continuum showing position of items and persons was made. This study suggests that to cover the whole syllabus items should be increased. An effort should be made to take a greater number of samples for the study, so that item analysis through Rasch Model can show its probability
Negative Relationship between Risk and Return: A Contrary View
Get PDFAccording to standard finance, risk and return are positively correlated, but many studies conducted in the behavioral finance and prospect theory context have revealed that risk and return are not positively correlated, but are negatively correlated. In this study, effort has been made to examine the nature of relationship between these two variables. Data used in this study is of secondary nature and its span is from 1995-2011. Spearman rank order correlation has been used to test this relationship between risk and return. Results indicated that when correlation test has been applied on the whole data set, risk and return are found to be negatively correlated in below target return companies, while these two are positively correlated in above target return companies. These findings exhibit that implications of prospect theory with respect to risk-return relationship are found true when the whole data sample is tested as one unit. But, when the same sample is subdivided into five segments or sections, results change and show a mixed pattern. Implications of prospect theory with regard to risk return relationship in such a situation are partially proved in few sectors
Moderating Effect of Top Management Support on Relationship between Transformational Leadership and Project Success
Get PDFProject success has remained the center of project management since long time. Continuous efforts are being indulged by various academicians and practitioners to find out the factors that contribute significantly toward project success. The authors edify the importance of project managers as transformational leaders in presence of top management support. This document investigates the interacting effect of top management support on relationship between project managers’ transformational leadership and project success. The study covers a total of 125 project managers selected through systematic sampling technique by using mail survey method. PLS-SEM has been utilized to analyze the study data. The study concludes that project success can be enhanced through unfolding the relationships between project managers’ transformational leadership and top management support. The study is pioneer to discuss these relationships particularly in a developing country. However, the study findings only rely on the higher education sector of Pakistan
The Impact of Board Attributes and Insider Ownership on Corporate Cash Holdings: Evidence from Pakistan
Get PDFThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of board attributes and insider ownership on cash holdings of non-financial firms listed on Karachi Stock Exchange (KSE) Pakistan during 2008-2012. Empirical results indicate that board attributes such as CEO duality, board size and board independence are positively related to cash holdings. However, board independence is the only boards attribute which is found statistically significant. The insider ownership is significantly and negatively related to cash holdings. Alternatively, the square of insider ownership is significantly and positively related to cash holdings. The variation in signs indicates a non-linear relationship. Notably, sample firms are divided into three insider ownership structures i.e. family firm, pyramid firm and non-family firm. Results indicate that family firm is negatively while non-family firm is positively related to cash holdings. These findings indicate that family firms prefer to hold necessary amount of cash enough for their planned as well as unplanned payments than non-family firms. On the other hand, pyramid firm is positively related to cash holdings but the relationship is insignificant. In summary, empirical results indicate that board attributes and insider ownership are important predictors of corporate cash holdings for non-financial firms in Pakistan
The Role of Organizational Learning in Understanding Relationship between Total Quality Management and Organizational Performance
Get PDFTotal quality management (TQM) is often considered a vital antecedent of a firm’s performance. However, not much is known about the mechanism through which TQM helps organizations to create this performance. The incorporation of organizational learning capability in the goals and objectives of TQM may help us understand TQMperformance relationship. This study focuses on the interrelationship among TQM practices, organizational learning capability and organizational performance in textile sector of Pakistan. Moreover, this study also investigates organizational learning capability as a mediator between TQM practices and organizational performance. The results are based on the empirical data collected from a self-administrative survey from 270 managers working in 90 organizations of the textile sector. Hierarchical linear modeling is used to examine the hypothesized relations. The results reveal that both TQM practices and organizational learning capability of the manufacturing firms significantly impact their performance. The mediating role of organizational learning capability between TQM-performance is fully supported by our data. The implications for the theory and practice are discussed along with direction for the future research
The Impact of Brand Equity on Brand Loyalty: The Mediating Role of Customer Satisfaction
Get PDFThe study investigates the impact of brand equity on brand loyalty with the mediation of customer satisfaction in restaurant sector of Lahore, Pakistan. The study uses seven dimensions of brand equity, which include physical quality, staff behavior, ideal selfcongruence, brand identification, life style-congruence, trust and environment. Questionnaire has been used to collect the data from the customers using restaurants as a choice for their food demand. The data has been collected from 400 respondents and analyzed through SPSS and AMOS. All hypotheses have been supported except last hypothesis which has been partially supported. The effect of life style-congruence and environment has not been fully mediated by customer satisfaction and has proved insignificant, therefore these two variables have been dropped from modified model fit. It has found that the effect of physical quality, staff behavior, ideal self-congruence, brand identification and trust on brand loyalty has been fully mediated by customer satisfaction in case of Lahore. The study will enable the managers to change policies and to train the staff so they can satisfy the customers which in turn would make customers loyal with the organization. The study is limited only to the fast-food restaurants situated in the city of Lahore only. Future studies can be conducted across different type of businesses and cultures.
This paper provides a basis to study the effect of trust on brand loyalty with mediation of customer satisfaction and offers practical help for managers to train employees which could enhance customer satisfaction and loyalty