Pakistan Journal of Commerce and Social Sciences (ISSN 1997-8553)
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High Commitment Work System and Innovative Work Behavior: The Mediating Role of Knowledge Sharing
Get PDFIn this modern and competitive era, organizations for their endurance and success rely on the innovative ideas. For today’s managers it becomes imperative to look for those ways and means through which they could innovate and this research is very much highlighting the said aspect. This study empirically examines and explores the impact of high commitment work system on innovative work behavior and addresses the role of knowledge sharing as a mediator. Basically, it provides a mechanism through which high commitment work system fosters innovative work behavior in telecommunication sector companies of Pakistan. Using the findings of this research, telecommunication companies, particularly mobile network companies can transform and bring novelty in their services to proliferate in a competitive market. All the established relationships are theoretically explained, empirically tested and supported through literature review. Results revealed that all three variables of the study exhibit positive relationship. All four established hypotheses are accepted and the relationship between high commitment work system and innovative work behavior partially mediated by knowledge sharing behavior
Mediating Effect of Customers Trust between the Association of Corporate Social Responsibility and Customers’ Loyalty
Get PDFCorporate social responsibility plays a significant role in getting sustainable edge over competitors, gaining profits and enhancing business affairs with customers. The purpose of the study is to analyze the perception of consumers regarding the CSR and its impact on customers’ loyalty while trust mediates the link in the telecom context of Pakistan. The adopted questionnaire circulated among customers’ of different telecom companies through non probability sampling technique. The model was validated by confirmatory factor analysis through AMOS and hypotheses were investigated via path analysis. Findings revealed that CSR has a positive impact on customers’ loyalty and confirmed the mediating impact of trust between the association of CSR and customers’ loyalty. The current study provides literature regarding CSR, customer’s loyalty and trust that would be very useful for the marketing personnel of telecom companies in enhancing customers’ loyalty and trust by improving CSR practices. Additionally, the findings confirm the role of customers’ trust as a mediator between the link of CSR and customers’ loyalty. This study has also interesting implications for management of telecom companies in suggesting ways to enhance loyalty through corporate social responsibility
Do Peer Firms Impact Corporate Investment Policies?
Get PDFPeer effect is attractive as firms try to mimic financial decisions taken by one another. The current study explores the impact of peers’ investment decisions on corporate firm’s investment decisions. To capture this essence, the study utilized firm-specific characteristics as well as peer firm-specific characteristics mainly growth, leverage, market to book ratio, free cash flow and stock return. In this study, the corporate accounting data relating to firms’ investment policies is taken from the published annual audited reports of the firms for the period between 2005 and 2015. GMM fixed effect model is used for data analysis. The results of the study reveal significant impact of peers’ investment policies on corporate firm’s investment decisions
How Does Website Quality and Trust Towards Website Influence Online Purchase Intention?
Get PDFOnline shopping is gaining popularity in Pakistan but the research on its determinants is scarce. The main purpose of this study is to explore what factors are important in developing online purchase intention of Pakistani youth interested in shopping through the internet. The data were collected through questionnaires using convenience sampling technique from 502 mainly young respondents of Pakistan. The theoretical model of the current study is developed on the theory of planned behavior (TPB). To test hypotheses, structural equation modeling (with maximum likelihood approach) has been used through AMOS software. The results suggest that website quality and trust in e-commerce social websites are positively related to online purchase intention. Users’ attitude towards online shopping partially mediated the links. This study has important implication for new evendors such that in order to promote online shopping, they need to improve quality features of website and enhance users’ trust
Social Capital as a Determinant of Population Health Outcomes: A Global Perspective
Get PDFThis study contributes to the health literature by decomposing health outcomes into three dimensions that are physical health, mental health and well-being of individuals. Where physical health is measured using life expectancy, infant mortality and self-rated health indicators while mental health is measured using stress index and addition of smoking in both males and females. Finally, well-being is measured using the index of happiness. The empirical analysis is conducted using OLS and GMM for 61 countries from 1980 to 2014. Overall results indicate that social capital is positively associated with all dimensions of health outcomes as high trusting individuals report better health outcomes in comparison to low trusting individuals. The results also reveal that the impact of social capital on mental health is stronger than the impact on physical health. Moreover, social capital is more conducive for controlling stress index than producing happiness. The main message of this research is that social capital has the power to influence diverse dimensions of population health. Therefore, the public policies need to focus on social indicators to overcome health disease burden
Estimating Inequality of Opportunities in Punjab (Pakistan): A Non-Parametric Approach
Get PDFThis paper attempts to estimate inequality of opportunities in Punjab, Pakistan by using non-parametric approach. Household level data of Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2014 has been analyzed for this purpose. Household head’s income has been taken as an outcome. Three parental characteristics of household head have been used as circumstances. These characteristics include region of residence (rural/urban), wealth status and education level of household head’s father. Equalization of circumstances has been done by dividing our sample into different groups on the basis of above mentioned circumstances. Then within-group and among-groups inequality of income has been calculated. Within-group inequality has been attributed to the differences in the efforts of household heads. Among-group inequality has been attributed to the difference of circumstances and has been termed as inequality of opportunities. Our results indicate that up to 28% variation in income is due to the differences of circumstances. Among different circumstances, father’s education has the most significant contribution in explaining the variation of income of household heads. The study highlights the significance and need of compensatory government policies to cope with the problem of inequality of opportunities in Punjab (Pakistan). Provision of equal access to educational opportunities for all segments of the society is recommended as an important public policy measure to mitigate inequality of opportunities
Effect of Abusive Supervision on Pro-Social Citizenship Behaviors: the Mediating Role of Interactional justice, Organization-Based Self Esteem and Meaning of Work
Get PDFThe aim of the present study is to check the effect of abusive supervision on pro-social silence and pro-social voice through three mediating variables―interactional justice, meaning of work and organization based self-esteem in the context of Pakistan. Data were collected from 917 subordinate-supervisor dyads from Pakistan. Results from structural equation modeling revealed that only interactional justice partially mediates the negative relation of abusive supervision with pro-social voice pro-social silence, whereas meaning of work and organization-based self-esteem did not show significant mediating effects. The present study will broaden the existing literature regarding the effect of abusive supervision on pro-social voice and pro-social silence― the two very distinct and essential forms of OCB considering the boundary conditions of a developing Asian country such as Pakistan. Conducting such study in Pakistan clarifies the difference in the attitude and the reaction of employees against abusive supervision in a developing Asian country, as these cultures are featured by high power distance and unemployment that affect these behaviors differently effect of abusive supervision on pro-social citizenship behaviors: the mediating role of interactional justice, organization based self-esteem and meaning of work
Flexitime and Employee Happiness at Workplace: A Quantitative Study of Software Houses
No full textEmployee happiness is an emerging concept that has been incorporated with internal workplace flexibility or flexitime. The aim of this study is to find out the relationship of internal workplace flexibility with employee happiness. Employee happiness at the workplace has been studied through the lens of three components, including affective organizational commitment, employee engagement and job satisfaction. These constructs have been studied collectively to acquire a comprehensive understanding regarding their relationships, outcomes and influences on one another. For this study, data have been collected from ten registered software houses of Lahore, Pakistan, through self administrated questionnaire, 358 participants participated in the survey. Non-parametric analysis of the data shows that flexitime has a positive relationship with affective organizational commitment, employee engagement, job satisfaction and thus employee happiness. Thus it can be concluded that when organizations give discretion to its employees to decide about when, where, what and how to work, it makes employees more committed, engaged, satisfied and thus happier
Financial Conservatism and Speed of Adjustment towards Capital Structure: Empirical Evidence from Pakistan
No full textThis study is the first to empirically examine whether the speed of adjustment (SOA) of capital structure is asymmetric between financially conservative (FC) and non-financially conservative (NFC) firms in Pakistan over the period 1998-2014. Using GMM estimation method for estimating target net debt ratio and OLS for estimating speed of adjustment, we examine when and to what extent these firms adjust their leverage towards the target. The results reveal that the adjustment process is quite asymmetric and the magnitude of the SOA is always greater for NFC than FC firms. We observe that FC firms show higher SOA when they deviate below the target regardless of financial imbalances. In contrast, NFC firms are more responsive to financial deficits irrespective of the deviation from the target. Yet, we show that both FC and NFC firms move with higher SOA towards the target capital structure when they deviate below the target and face financial deficits
Inter-Linkages between Liquidity and Stock Returns: An Empirical investigation through Panel Cointegration
Get PDFThis study examines long term and short term inter-linkage between liquidity dimensions and equity returns in oil and gas sector of an emerging stock market for the time period 2009-2015.Conventional liquidity ratio and Amihud ratio are used to capture Price impact. Roll estimator is employed to quantify the effective spread and transaction cost aspect of liquidity. The depth of market is measured through volume and turnover rate.
Pedroni cointegration, Granger causality and vector error correction model have been applied in panel data setting. The Pedroni cointegration analysis provides evidence about the existence of long term interaction between liquidity indicators and the equity returns. The VECM reports that liquidity influences equity returns in short run and speed of adjustment is high. Moreover, bi directional casualty is observed between liquidity and equity returns. The results suggest that local market liquidity is an important driver of expected returns. The study further implies that liquidity is vital for asset pricing. Average liquidity is priced and liquidity also predicts future returns. Moreover liquidity shocks are positively correlated with return shocks. Therefore, investors must be vigilant about liquidity trends while making investment decisions