Pakistan Journal of Commerce and Social Sciences (ISSN 1997-8553)
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Linking Transformational Leadership and Individual Learning Behavior: Role of Psychological Safety and Uncertainty Avoidance
Get PDFThe personal learning cloud is reshaping companies across industries despite the vast gap in the locus of knowledge acquisition and locus of knowledge application. While knowledge and best practices become moving targets, the modern-organizations have swiftly moved to psychological safety culture that fosters growth, innovation and individual learning. In context, transformational leadership fosters innovative behaviors and learning abilities, successful organizational transformations and effective actions for performance beyond expectations. Hence, the study aims is to examine the impact of transformational leadership on individual learning behavior, under mediating conditions of psychological safety and moderating influence of uncertainty avoidance. Using partial least squares (PLS) based structural equation modeling (SEM) and survey of 350 telecom-employees, the results reveal that transformational leadership and individual learning behavior relationship is partially mediated by psychological safety. Alternatively, uncertainty avoidance reveals an insignificant role as a moderator. Our findings generate managerial implications for advancing individual learning cultures and guiding continuous improvements in diverse work settings. In line with the theoretical base of “too much of a good thing (TMGT) effect”, our study highlights potential avenues for future research to explore the dark side of psychological safety and its counter-productive effect on workplace behaviors.
Reexamination of Environmental Kuznets Curve for Ecological Footprint: The Role of Biocapacity, Human Capital, and Trade
Get PDFClimate change has emerged as a global challenge because of its threat to sustainable development goals. Economic development is responsible for climate change as well as it is complementary to sustainability. Hence, environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis is central to the development plans and formulation of climate change policy. However, the evidence on EKC is largely conflicting because it is provided using narrow measures of environment, small samples, short time durations and ignoring updated estimation methods. This study reinvestigates the EKC by exploiting the lager panel data set, covering a longer time horizon more than half century (1961-2018) and using ecological footprint as a comprehensive environmental indicator and employing first generation and second-generation panel time’s series methods. The study sample comprises 20 upper-income countries (UICs), 36 middle-income countries (MICs) and 20 low-income countries (LICs). The results conclude the presence of cross-sectional dependence, unit root at level and long run relationship among the variables allowing for long run estimates. The findings of different estimators validate an inverted U-shaped EKC for UICs while U-shaped EKC for MICs and LICs, respectively. The results of fixed effects quantile (FEQ) estimates suggest that the scale and technique effects depend upon the existing levels of EFP within and across different groups of countries according to development level and regional location. Moreover, the role of biocapacity, human capital, and trade is conducive in managing global EFP. The findings imply that global environmental policies need to be aligned with the heterogeneity of different groups of countries
New Evidence of Oil Price Fluctuations and Manufacturing Output in Saudi Arabia, Kuwait and United Arab Emirates
Get PDFOil is used as an essential source of energy because it is one of the significant inputs of production especially in manufacturing sectors. This study employs symmetric and asymmetric Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model to explore oil price effect on manufacturing output over 1985-2017 in Saudi Arabia, Kuwait and United Arab Emirates. The results of the linear model show that oil price effect manufacturing output negatively in short-run and long-run. The detection of asymmetric behavior of oil price in linear ARDL model show insufficient ability, and this study further estimated the model through the non-linear model and decompose oil price into positive and negative changes. In the non-linear model, the results show that negative oil price changes encourage manufacturing output, while the positive oil price hurts manufacturing output. The study also apply the Granger causality test, and results show one-way causality from oil price to manufacturing output in Saudi Arabia and Kuwait. Based on the findings, the government officials of these countries should take steps in shifting these economies from huge extraction of oil and concentrate on manufacturing, and policymakers should understand the linkage of oil price with manufacturing sector for diversification of their economy and escape from Dutch Disease
Open Innovation and Innovative Performance of Pakistani SMEs: Moderated Mediation of Knowledge Management Capability and Innovative Climate
Get PDFDrawing upon the organizational capabilities of knowledge management, the current study aims to examine the mediating role of knowledge management capability between open innovation and firm-level technological, structural, and entrepreneurial capabilities and the moderation role of innovation climate between open innovation and firm innovative performance. A questionnaire-based survey with a sample of 332 top managers of Pakistani SMEs across the service and manufacturing sectors was conducted. The study adopted partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) to estimate moderated mediation using the SmartPLS 3.0.
The results revealed that the organization structure contributes significantly, followed by ICTs and entrepreneurial orientation on SMEs\u27 knowledge management capability. Mainly, the most robust knowledge management capability positively affects open innovation and mediates most significantly between open innovation and organization structure, followed by ICTs and entrepreneurial orientation. Finally, open innovation directly and through the moderation of innovative climate significantly impact SMEs\u27 innovative performance.
The findings suggest that improving the knowledge management capability and innovative climate means the mechanisms of mediation and moderation through which entrepreneurial orientation, ICTs, and organization structure impact the open innovation, which, in turn, impact SMEs\u27 innovative performance. For policymakers, an important message is that SMEs do not innovate individually but with customers, competitors, suppliers, and others.
The usefulness resides in advancing a comprehensive process of knowledge management capability and innovative climate, suggesting the mechanisms to transmit the effects of entrepreneurial orientation, ICTs, and organization structure to open innovation, thereby to SME\u27s innovative performance
Antecedents of Brand Hate: Mediating Role of Customer Dissatisfaction and Moderating Role of Narcissism
Get PDFThe purpose of the current study is to investigate the impact of antecedents of brand hate with the mediating effect of customer dissatisfaction and moderating effect of narcissism in the cellular industry. This study utilizes appraisal theory of emotions to examine the phenomena of brand hate. A survey questionnaire is administrated to collect the data from cellular subscribers in Pakistan. Data analysis is conducted using partial least squire structural equation modelling PLS SEM with Smart PLS software. The results confirm that perceived price unfairness, poor call quality, procedural inconvenience and poor customer services were significant predictors of dissatisfaction which further leads to brand hate. The results also demonstrate that narcissism strengthens the relationship between customer dissatisfaction and brand hate. The findings of the study offer practical implications for industry stakeholders to understand that adverse service experience resulting in consumer brand hate and development of marketing strategies according to customer orientation and type of personality
Linking Sustainability Management and Success in Construction Projects. Moderating Influence of High Performance Work Systems
Get PDFThe environmental footprint of the global construction industry has emerged as a major concern in an era of massive urbanization across the world. Drawing on the complex and under-explored role of project sustainability management (PSM) and high performance work systems (HPWS), this study investigates the moderating role of HPWS between PSM and construction project success (CPS). Using survey of 368 project professionals working in the construction industry in Pakistan, the hypothesized relationships were tested with the partial least squares based structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) technique. The study findings establish empirical support for the significant positive influence of PSM and HPWS on CPS. Moreover, the findings confirmed that HPWS positively moderates the effect of PSM on CPS. This research provides the initial evidence to confirm that PSM and HPWS are significant predictors of CPS, especially the effects of PSM on CPS can be significantly enhanced by advancing HPWS in construction projects
Environmental Innovation and Financial Performance: Mediating Role of Environmental Management Accounting and Firms Environmental Strategy
Get PDFThe purpose of this study is to empirically investigate the impact of environmental innovation constituting product innovation (PDI) and process innovation (PCI) on firms’ financial performance (FFP). It also inquires the mediating roles of environmental management accounting (EMA) and the firm’s environmental strategy (FES) between innovation and FFP. We have analyzed primary data collected from 363 respondents, working at the managing positions in the manufacturing sector of Pakistan. The proposed model was estimated by applying structural equation modeling. Results show that PDI and PCI have positive and significant impacts on FFP. Furthermore, the findings indicate that EMA and FES mediate the relationship between innovation and FFP in the manufacturing sector of Pakistan. This is the first study in the available literature on EMA, which promulgates a comprehensive theoretical model in the context of the manufacturing sector of Pakistan by introducing two mediators between the association of environmental innovation and firms’ financial performance. This study suggests the managers of the manufacturing companies or similar sectors to introduce innovations in their products and processes for developing a better EMA system; they must propose appropriate environmental strategies to enhance their firms’ performance. The current study also tends to assist policymakers in developing appropriate policies for the manufacturing sector of Pakistan by realizing the importance of environmental innovation, EMA, and FES so that their environmental and economic impacts can be managed and regulated
How Do Globalization and Foreign Direct Investment Affect Environmental Quality in OIC Member Countries?
Get PDFThe present study explores the effects of globalization and foreign direct investment (FDI) on environmental quality in OIC countries. The main purpose of the study is to analyze that how opening of OIC economies together with inward FDI affect the environmental quality in terms of CO2 emissions. In this study, GMM technique has been applied to address the endogeneity issue in the variables of globalization and foreign direct investment, among others. The results of GMM method of estimation show that globalization and FDI enhance CO2 emissions, means lowering environmental quality in overall OIC countries and low-income OIC countries but reduces CO2 emissions in high income OIC countries. Institutional quality, urbanization and industrialization have considerable impact on CO2 emissions in overall OIC countries as well as low income and high income OIC countries. The study showed that globalization and foreign direct investment are contributing to improving the environmental quality in high-income OIC states but reduces environmental quality in all OIC states and low-income OIC countries. The present study comes up with the useful information that opening of markets of OIC countries to the world and inward foreign direct investment have very strong influence on the environmental quality and both factors should be used in a way which leads to lowering the level of carbon emissions in OIC states.
Presenteeism as a Consequence of Workplace Bullying: Mediating Role of Emotional Exhaustion and Moderation of Climate for Conflict Management
Get PDFThis study probes the link between workplace bullying, emotional exhaustion and presenteeism in employees of public and private sector service organizations. Based on affective events theory, this study found that emotional exhaustion mediates the relationship between bullying and employee presenteeism. However, the climate for conflict management (CCM) was found to moderate the aforementioned relationship. Data taken from 2250 employees working in health, education and forest departments support the assumptions that workplace bullying and presenteeism are partially mediated by individual’s perceived emotional exhaustion and that the CCM moderates this mediated association. This mediated moderation model suggests that workplace bullying emotionally exhausts employees, who despite being present at workplace cannot perform to their full potential. On the other hand, organizations that are active in conflict management practices may be able to prevent and reduce the adverse effects of workplace bullying
Renewable Energy, Circular Economy Indicators and Environmental Quality: A Global Evidence of 131 Countries with Heterogeneous Income Groups
Get PDFIncreasing global warming, degrading environmental quality, and waste ending in landfills have become threats to the sustainability of ecosystems. The circular economy (CE) offers an alternative approach to the linear economy, which lowers pressure on the ecosystem. Renewable energy, as an important pillar of CE, neither generates waste nor increases the extraction of limited resources. This study explores the dynamic links of renewable energy and CE with environmental quality. This study explains the important mechanisms of circular business models in the context of contingency theory, transaction cost theory, resource-based theory, networks-based theory, and agency theory. The empirical analysis is based on a global panel of 131 countries, including a disaggregated analysis for different groups of countries according to their income levels and European Union member countries. The 2nd generation tests namely “cross sectionally augmented IPS (CIPS), cross sectionally augmented Dickey Fuller test (CADF) and Westerlund cointegration test” are applied to test the relationships between the variables. We employ novel indicators of CE such as biowaste recycling, municipal waste recycling, e-waste recycling, packaging waste recycling, trade-in recyclables, and patents in recycling to examine their impacts on environmental quality. The results suggest that renewable energy and different measures of CE significantly improve environmental quality. Energy intensity, economic growth, and urbanization degrade the environment. The study suggests that CE measures need to be promoted to combat climate change.