Pakistan Journal of Commerce and Social Sciences (ISSN 1997-8553)
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Perceived Environmental Concern, Knowledge, and Intention to Visit Green Hotels: Do Perceived Consumption Values Matter?
Get PDFThough, the call for environmental protection is on the increase, the ability of the hotel consumers to pay for green product is still a challenge for tourism industry. This study sought to expand existing understanding of consumer’s environmental concern and knowledge in relation to consumers’ green hotels visiting intention by testing the extended social exchange theory. Specifically, perceived environmental knowledge and concern were incorporated into the social exchange theory to understand comprehensively consumer’s perceived consumption values with respect to their intention to visit green hotels. The data from 401 hotel guests in Nigerian hotels was analyzed using partial least square - structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) by using WarpPLS 7.0 software. Results show that the theoretical framework proposed in the study has a significant capability to determine intention and identified significant impact of perceived environmental knowledge, concern and consumption values in generating intention to visit green hotels, as well as the significant mediating effect of perceived consumption value in the model. The finding from this study provides additional perspective into consumers’ process of decision-making, with an implication for hotel managers in the development and execution of hotel operations that would account for eco-friendly purchase behavior among hotel guests in Nigeria
Enhancing Environmental Performance through Green HRM and Green Innovation: Examining the Mediating Role of Green Creativity and Moderating Role of Green Shared Vision
Get PDFOrganizations encourage green creativity among workers to mitigate pollution and achieve sustainable growth. Green human resource management (GHRM) activities have a well documented role in influencing workers\u27 green attitudes and environmental efficiency. The aim of this research is to see how Green HRM activities affect employee green innovation. Furthermore, the mediating influence of green creativity between the association of GHRM and green innovation is explored. Moderation of green shared vision between the association of green innovation and environmental performance is also investigated. In this analysis, we used SPSS and AMOS software to run structural equation modeling to test study hypotheses. For hypothesis testing, data was obtained from 437 employees employed in a variety of industries of Pakistan. Results show that GHRM has a positive and significant influence on green creativity and green innovation. Moreover, green creativity significantly mediates the association between GHRM and green innovation. It means that GHRM can not only directly affect green innovation, but also indirectly influence it via green creativity. Moreover, this study also explores that the significant positive association between green innovation and environmental performance is moderated by green shared vision. This study adds the indicator of green creativity as one of the key antecedents of green innovation and environmental performance to the previous literature. Furthermore, this study contributes to the prior literature by using green shared vision as a moderator between green innovation and environmental performance. Overall, findings of this study support all direct and indirect hypotheses and have several theoretical and practical implications for top management and policymakers to ensure employee commitment to GHRM practices and green innovation implementation in order to achieve high environmental performance.
Women Directors and CEO Excessive Compensation
Get PDFThis study aims to explore the crucial question whether the presence of female directors on the compensation committees limits the CEO excessive compensation in China or not? To draw the inferences, we use the data of Chinese listed firms for the year 2006 to 2015 and estimate ordinary least square regression as a baseline methodology along with two-stage least squares regression to control the endogeneity issues. We find reliable evidence that Chinese CEOs do receive some excessive compensation which can be mitigated by having gender diverse compensation committee. We also find CEO excessive compensation is positively linked to firm performance when firms have gender diverse compensation committees. Moreover, we also find that the governance role of gender diverse compensation committee on CEO’s excessive pay varies across sub-national institutional contingencies
Impact of Entrepreneurship Intention on Socio-Economic Uplift: Moderating Role of Entrepreneurial Infrastructure for Home-Based Start-ups
Get PDFThe main objective of this research work is to investigate moderating effect of entrepreneurial infrastructure on entrepreneurial intention and socio-economic uplift. The hypotheses have been developed after reviewing the literature thoroughly. The data is collected from 205 household respondents of village Khanwal, tehsil and district Chakwal, Pakistan. For data collection, self-administered questionnaires were distributed to initiators from every household for research study. The reason for involving every household is to ensure inclusive growth of village community. By using SmartPLS software, partial least squares based structural equation modeling was used and it was found that entrepreneurial intention (EI) has positive influence on socio-economic uplift (SEUP) and entrepreneurial infrastructure plays a moderating role in relationship of entrepreneurial intention with socio-economic uplift. This study is helpful for shaping public policy to achieve more shared prosperity through providing entrepreneurial infrastructure specifically capital through microfinance system for creating income earning opportunity. This is the first study of its kind which tries to bridge the existing research gap related to the moderating role of entrepreneurial infrastructure in strengthening the relationship of entrepreneurship intention with socio-economic uplift in the emerging economy of Pakistan
Renewable Energy Consumption and Health Outcomes: Evidence from Global Panel Data Analysis
Get PDFEnergy consumption is an essential part of our daily lives and is considered the backbone of economic development and human welfare. It is widely admitted that energy security ensures access to health, higher efficiency, education, and economic growth. Energy consumption has a profound impact on human health depending on the source used for energy generation. The current study investigates the link between renewable energy and human health for 155 economies by employing panel techniques including pooled ordinary least squares, random effects, fixed effects, two-stage least squares, and generalized method of moments. Empirical findings support improved health from using renewable energy. Renewable energy increases life expectancy and decreases the mortality rate. The positive relationship between clean energy and human health suggests that clean energy helps to control chronic diseases thus leading to high life expectancy, low mortality, and fewer incidence of tuberculosis. It is further concluded that economic growth, trade, and urbanization also produce better health outcomes. The sensitivity analysis also endorses the robustness of the results. Therefore, countries should promote the use of renewable energy which not only improves health outcomes but also helps in achieving climate goals. This study is novel as previous studies ignored the empirical impact of renewable energy on health outcomes
Analyzing Ecological Footprint through the Lens of Globalization, Financial Development, Natural Resources, Human Capital and Urbanization
Get PDFThis study aims to analyze the relationships of globalization, financial development, natural resources, human capital, and urbanization with ecological footprint employing a panel of 118 countries from 1971 to 2018. Further, for deeper insights, the analysis is extended for the panels of heterogeneous income groups namely high income (45), uppermiddle-income (27), lower-middle-income (30), and low-income (10) panels. For empirical analysis fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS), dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS) methods are employed. The results show that economic growth improves environmental quality by lowering ecological footprint (EF). However, economic growth increases the ecological footprint in lower-middle-income countries. Globalization increases ecological footprints. Human capital increases environmental degradation by increasing EF footprint across all panels. Energy use increases EF in all income groups except the low-income group. Natural resources exert a positive influence on ecological footprint across all income groups except global and upper-middle-income countries. Urbanization increases the ecological footprint for all income panels except high-income economies. Financial development increases ecological footprint across all panels except lower-middle-income economies. The robustness analysis also validated our findings. The findings also hold for Belt and road, BRICS, G7, MENA, and OECD economie
Can CSR Engagement and Strong Internal Control Enhance Sustainable Corporate Growth? Evidence from Chinese Listed Companies
Get PDFAdopting agency theory and stakeholder theory, the paper examines the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and the strength of internal control (IC) alone, as well as combined on the sustainable corporate growth of Chinese listed companies. By examining through regression analysis using Stata16 the sample of 17,294 firm-year observations of China’s A-share listed companies over the period 2010 to 2018, we show that CSR and IC are both beneficial to companies’ sustainable growth. The findings manifest a significant association, both in the event of separate testing of the two factors (CSR and IC) and in the case of the coupled effect thereof, on sustainable corporate growth (SCG). We show that CSR and IC allow harmonizing actual growth with internal resources available and that CSR and IC both enhance the company\u27s sustainable growth rate. We document that CSR and IC increase the threshold enabling companies to grow internally without resorting to further use of sparse limited resources. We argue that the CSR and IC can realize the interactive influence on the sustainable growth of the enterprise, and then produce the synergy effect. As a whole, our findings supply a novel implication that the extent of CSR and IC can enhance sustainable corporate growth
The Mediating Role of Reflective Moral Attentiveness between Organizational Identification, Perceived Insider Status and Unethical Pro-Organizational Behaviors
Get PDFUnethical pro-organizational behaviors (UPB) are generally defined as behaviors that are unethical but at the same time intended to help the organizations warrant renewed attention to address its long-term implications. Drawing from social exchange theory (SET), the goals of this research are to investigate effects of perceived insider status (PIS) and organizational identification (OID) on UPB through reflective moral attentiveness (RMA). Data was collected from 300 managerial employees from services sector of Punjab, Pakistan and subjected to hierarchical regression analysis and structural equation modeling with the help of SPSS 23. The results confirm significant positive effects of perceived insider status and organizational identification on UPB and mediation effect of reflective moral attentiveness. The study is first to incorporate RMA as mediator in associations of PIS and OID with UPB. The managers should make their employees conscious of short term benefits and long-term harmful consequences of UPB. They should expand the intellectual abilities of their employees enabling them to think before performing the UPB. Additionally the organizations can place morally attentive employees at key positions to promote the culture of morality. The organizational executives can be role models for observing the moral principles and should recruit the morally attentive managers / employees and may direct frequent analytical and integrity programs to endure an environment of morality. Turning the managers and employees sensitive to moral matters, the organizations can eliminate UPB
Role of Entrepreneurial Passion between Entrepreneurial Attitude, Subjective Norms, Perceived Behavioral Control, and Entrepreneurial Intention: Measuring the Entrepreneurial Behavior of Pakistani Students
Get PDFThis study aims to investigate the role of entrepreneurial passion between entrepreneurial attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and entrepreneurial intention while measuring the entrepreneurial behavior of Pakistani students. The study has applied the quantitative methods to empirically test the study model and proposed hypotheses using the PLS-SEM technique in the computer version 3.0 of the Smart PLS software. The data were collected from the 240 university students using the structured questionnaire and the sample was drawn randomly. The results have shown significant positive relationship between subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and entrepreneurial intentions. Similarly, students’ entrepreneurial behavior is positively influenced by perceived behavioral control and entrepreneurship intention. In the case of mediation, the entrepreneurial intention significantly and positively intermediates the relationship between subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and entrepreneurial behavior. Next is the case of moderation, the entrepreneurial passion does not moderate the associations of entrepreneurial attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and entrepreneurial intention. These findings contribute to broadening the paradigm of the theory of planned behavior by incorporating entrepreneurial passion and bridging a literature gap between the associations of attitudinal factors, entrepreneurial passion, entrepreneurial intention, and entrepreneurial behavior. These findings can be helpful for policy-makers, practitioners, small-medium enterprises to promote entrepreneurship culture in emerging countries, and also helpful for university graduates for creating new business ventures or to become self-employed in order to reduce employment pressure after completing university education
Influence of Workplace Incivility on Counterproductive Work Behavior: Mediating Role of Emotional Exhaustion, Organizational Cynicism and the Moderating Role of Psychological Capital
Get PDFDrawing on conservation of resources (COR) theory, this study investigates association of workplace incivility (WI) with counterproductive work behavior (CPWB) of banking employees in Pakistan. In addition, mediating role of emotional exhaustion (EE), organizational cynicism (OCY) and moderating role of psychological capital (Psy-Cap) were also examined. A structured questionnaire was used to obtain data from 215 banking employees of Lahore, Pakistan after applying stratified random sampling. Data was analyzed applying mediation / moderation regression using Hayes Process Macro in SPSS 21. Findings reveal that workplace incivility has significant and positive association with CPWB. While, emotional exhaustion and cynicism partially mediate positive association between WI and CPWB. Moreover, psychological capital in interaction with WI has significant moderating impact and weakens the positive association between WI and CPWB. Study findings are useful for practitioners because our results reveal moderating role of Psy-Cap as coping mechanism on association of WI and CPWB. Management can benefit from the buffering effect of Psy-Cap to help and train employees dealing with uncivil conducts and reduce CPWBs at workplace.