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Textual Games
Full text linkThe article attempts to characterize literary practices which have emerged in recent decades due to the rise of new technologies. The titular “textual games” are experiments which test the stylistic and genre durability of popular literary works. They give rise to new technological formats and new genre variations (gamebooks or works written by artificial intelligence). As such, they also create a new and unique aesthetic and formal landscape and provoke reflection on contemporary literary practices and research strategies that can be used to describe them.The article attempts to characterize literary practices which have emerged in recent decades due to the rise of new technologies. The titular “textual games” are experiments which test the stylistic and genre durability of popular literary works. They give rise to new technological formats and new genre variations (gamebooks or works written by artificial intelligence). As such, they also create a new and unique aesthetic and formal landscape and provoke reflection on contemporary literary practices and research strategies that can be used to describe them
Impet słowa. Szum informacyjny jako technika pisarska w Wagarach Witolda Wirpszy
Full text linkThe aim of the text is to interpret Witold Wirpsza’s experimental novel Wagary, with particular emphasis on science inspirations that have been overlooked in previous analyses. Reading selected fragments of the novel in the context of the author’s self-referential statements regarding concepts such as noise, information and word energy, makes it possible to see that the terms borrowed from cybernetics can describe the tension between the organising and disorganising properties of Witold Wirpsza’s work
Literatura jako pole walki. Casus Judasza Iskarioty
Full text linkThe article analyzes some of the representations of Judas Iscariot in modern apocryphal literary works. The aforementioned representations are of subversive character towards the canon and as such they illustrate various inner-cultural tensions and the dynamics of culture. From that point of view literature can be seen as a battlefield in which marginalized discourses clash with the hegemonic, religious one. Areas of tension are diversified: from politics (power, exploitation, social justice), through critique of religion and religious institutions, to “narratives of conflict” between various systems of beliefs or worldviews
Bruegel, Caravaggio, van Gogh i inni. Malarskie tematy w późnej twórczości Kazimierza Wierzyńskiego
Full text linkIn the late period of Kazimierz Wierzyński’s poetry the poems devoted to paintings are parallel to poems about writers and literature, also about composers and music. Intertextuality of Wierzyński links with reflections about his own biography, consideration about contemporary history and meditations devoted to existential and metaphysical quests. This poet took up the attentive studies upon the world art. Writing about victory of the universal values, he wants to overcome the traumaticexperiences of exile. In the history of art Wierzyński searched the areas of rescue. He considered philosophical problems such as right and evil, moment and constancy, life and death. He was interested in actuality of art and universality of anthropological problems in painting expression. In this work the matter of interpretations are the such poems by Wierzyński, as Van Gogh, Caravaggio, Kobiety, które tkają (The Women which are Weaving), Painting.In the late period of Kazimierz Wierzyński’s poetry the poems devoted to paintings are parallel to poems about writers and literature, also about composers and music. Intertextuality of Wierzyński links with reflections about his own biography, consideration about contemporary history and meditations devoted to existential and metaphysical quests. This poet took up the attentive studies upon the world art. Writing about victory of the universal values, he wants to overcome the traumaticexperiences of exile. In the history of art Wierzyński searched the areas of rescue. He considered philosophical problems such as right and evil, moment and constancy, life and death. He was interested in actuality of art and universality of anthropological problems in painting expression. In this work the matter of interpretations are the such poems by Wierzyński, as Van Gogh, Caravaggio, Kobiety, które tkają (The Women which are Weaving), Painting
Wprowadzenie do teorii Roberta Schwarza
Full text linkThe aim of this article is to discuss the main points of Roberto Schwarz’s thought, which is little known to a Polish audience. To this end, I analyze his interpretations of Machado de Assis’s work and the concept of ‘displaced ideas’. I also relate Schwarz’s considerations to the problematic of the theoretical conceptualization of the masterpiece in Marx’s writings and point to potential applications of Schwarz’s theory to studies on Polish literature
In the World of Potentiality: Gombrowicz, Pinter, Beckett, and Różewicz
Full text linkThis article attempts to analyze Witold Gombrowicz`s, Harold Pinter`s, Samuel Beckett`s, and Tadeusz Różewicz’s works by using methods that are associated with performative literary studies. The author refers to concepts of quantum physics and introduces a new aesthetic category, “entangled arts”. Among these arts are, for example, drama and theater, which are seen from an anti-binary perspective. This approach eliminates the traditional division of arts into the art of literature and performing arts, thus leading us to look on literature as a performing art. Therefore, the idea of “entangled arts” is not about “the synthesis of arts”, but about their unresolvedness and an act of reading which requires one to simultaneously exist and be active in two (or more, potentiality) different realities, for example, in a digital and imagined world, or in film and on stage.This article attempts to analyze Witold Gombrowicz`s, Harold Pinter`s, Samuel Beckett`s, and Tadeusz Różewicz’s works by using methods that are associated with performative literary studies. The author refers to concepts of quantum physics and introduces a new aesthetic category, “entangled arts”. Among these arts are, for example, drama and theater, which are seen from an anti-binary perspective. This approach eliminates the traditional division of arts into the art of literature and performing arts, thus leading us to look on literature as a performing art. Therefore, the idea of “entangled arts” is not about “the synthesis of arts”, but about their unresolvedness and an act of reading which requires one to simultaneously exist and be active in two (or more, potentiality) different realities, for example, in a digital and imagined world, or in film and on stage
Militarizing and Colonizing Outer Space as a Video Game. Ender’s Game and Astroculture
Full text linkThe author of the article analyzes Orson Scott Card’s Ender’s Game, focusing her attention on the relationship between the key motif of the novel – gaming – and the tendency to militarize and colonize outer space highlighted by astrocultural scholars. Card’s novel follows the astrocultural pattern of setting future wars in space, but introduces an important novelty: games of various kinds, including video games, become a mediating element between the characters and the real experience of space war. The theoretical framework for the analysis is provided by the insights of astrocultural scholars such as Alexander Geppert, Tilmann Siebeneichner and Alice Gorman. In analyzing Ender’s Game and, to some extent, its 2013 film adaptation, the author examines the protagonists’ relationship to space, which is shaped by the game’s setting. It is here that military and colonial themes are most prevalent. The first part of the paper presents the main contexts of the motif of the militarization of outer space and its close relationship with video games. These contexts provide an important background for the analysis of the motifs of games and outer space in Ender’s Game. Selected reflections from the field of ludology are helpful in interpreting Card’s use of video games not only as a theme, but also as a structural principle of his novel’s settings. In the last part of the paper, the author considers the transformation of the militant motif taking place in the novel’s finale into a narrative focused on the colonization of outer space, as well as the transformation of this narrative that occurred in Gavin Hood’s film adaptation. The goal of such an interpretation is to show the story created by Orson Scott Card as entangled in a dynamic relationship with the video game medium that was developing at the time of its creation and with the changing trends of astroculture.The author of the article analyzes Orson Scott Card’s Ender’s Game, focusing her attention on the relationship between the key motif of the novel – gaming – and the tendency to militarize and colonize outer space highlighted by astrocultural scholars. Card’s novel follows the astrocultural pattern of setting future wars in space, but introduces an important novelty: games of various kinds, including video games, become a mediating element between the characters and the real experience of space war. The theoretical framework for the analysis is provided by the insights of astrocultural scholars such as Alexander Geppert, Tilmann Siebeneichner and Alice Gorman. In analyzing Ender’s Game and, to some extent, its 2013 film adaptation, the author examines the protagonists’ relationship to space, which is shaped by the game’s setting. It is here that military and colonial themes are most prevalent. The first part of the paper presents the main contexts of the motif of the militarization of outer space and its close relationship with video games. These contexts provide an important background for the analysis of the motifs of games and outer space in Ender’s Game. Selected reflections from the field of ludology are helpful in interpreting Card’s use of video games not only as a theme, but also as a structural principle of his novel’s settings. In the last part of the paper, the author considers the transformation of the militant motif taking place in the novel’s finale into a narrative focused on the colonization of outer space, as well as the transformation of this narrative that occurred in Gavin Hood’s film adaptation. The goal of such an interpretation is to show the story created by Orson Scott Card as entangled in a dynamic relationship with the video game medium that was developing at the time of its creation and with the changing trends of astroculture
The Possibilities of Theory - the Theory of Possibilities
Full text linkThis essay attempts to describe a new field of research in contemporary literary theory, defined in terms of performative, dramatic, and dramaturgical interactions and relations. The focus is placed on the dynamic movement of concepts and categories, as it allows theory to keep up with the constant new developments in literature and culture. These movements give rise to a dramatic discourse that replaces traditional methodologies. Such a transdisciplinary dialogue allows for a complex play of meanings. Any theory is a sum of choices made from among many possibilities, compatible approaches and ideas, and potential perspectives. In the new theoretical perspective described in this essay, no theory of a work of art is rejected and each remains valid, as long as it functions inclusively in a field of many different possibilities. The dramaturgy of concepts, the potential tensions and possible contradictions between them, which, paradoxically, are not mutually exclusive, complex plays and displacements, fractures and entanglements, open up new theoretical horizons. Indeed, we should ask whether the time of grand theories has passed or whether one of the most comprehensive literary theories is being created today, as it unites all past and future concepts involved in the study, interpretation, and reception of literature. It is the theory of possibilities.This essay attempts to describe a new field of research in contemporary literary theory, defined in terms of performative, dramatic, and dramaturgical interactions and relations. The focus is placed on the dynamic movement of concepts and categories, as it allows theory to keep up with the constant new developments in literature and culture. These movements give rise to a dramatic discourse that replaces traditional methodologies. Such a transdisciplinary dialogue allows for a complex play of meanings. Any theory is a sum of choices made from among many possibilities, compatible approaches and ideas, and potential perspectives. In the new theoretical perspective described in this essay, no theory of a work of art is rejected and each remains valid, as long as it functions inclusively in a field of many different possibilities. The dramaturgy of concepts, the potential tensions and possible contradictions between them, which, paradoxically, are not mutually exclusive, complex plays and displacements, fractures and entanglements, open up new theoretical horizons. Indeed, we should ask whether the time of grand theories has passed or whether one of the most comprehensive literary theories is being created today, as it unites all past and future concepts involved in the study, interpretation, and reception of literature. It is the theory of possibilities
Nieokreślone światy awangardy, czyli co ma wspólnego kot Schrödingera z awangardą
Full text linkThis editorial is devoted to the issues of contemporary, anti-binary ways of seeing the avant-garde, presenting arguments for the simultaneous existence and annihilation of the concept of the avant-garde, and for creating the avant-garde from scratch. After discussing the articles presented in the issue, we put forward the thesis that the avant-garde opened up literature that escaped from the confines of definitions, becoming “entangled art”, literature understood as a possibility