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Mury Ceuty i Melilli. Od wykluczenia do autoseparacji
Get PDFThe article discusses the phenomenon of border fences erected in the 1990s in Ceuta and Melilla. The fences are understood as objects which have a specific agency and whose existence raises a number of activities in the political sphere, as well as having a strong impact on the symbolic sphere. On the one hand, as a consequence of the material existence of fences, there are nume-rous decisions made that influence practical legal solutions concerning immigrants. Immigrants themselves are also forced to take actions and decisions they would not do without the physical presence of the fence. On the other hand, recordings and photos of people who try to cross it serve as the visual message contributing to the creation of a simplified and negative image of immigrants in Europe. Furthermore, fences constitute a material representation of a new spatial paradigm existing in the world, which consists in exclusion and strengthens the binary opposition between a “worse” and “better world”
Przedmowa. Rozważania człowieka niepolitycznego (przełożył Jacek Kępa)
Get PDF“The Preface” was finished after the work on “Reflections of a unpolitical Man” and explains the reasons behind its creation. Thomas Mann decided that armed conflict between Germany and the West was the result of different perspectives. Democracy damages the world order and German values. The greatest advocate of democracy among Germans is the civilization’s man of letters. Mann undermines the value of his art and gives reasons for the disagreements with this revolutio-nary knowledge, which he calls “The new Pathos”. He develops the theory of the greatness of Germans as a nonpolitical nationality, recognizing Martin Luther as a reflection of this theory. He mentions the great minds of the 18th and 19th centuries to emphasize the most crucial differen- ces, seeing in himself a child of the 19th century. In conclusion, Mann claims that his opposition to democracy hastens its victory