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Lans: style życia i znakowanie tożsamości
Get PDFIn this article I describe contemporary processes of marking identity in the context of the phenomenon and concept of “lans”. The text consist of four parts. Part One, I describe changes that have taken place in recent centuries and their consequences for identity nowadays. In the second part I outline the characteristic of lans, paying attention to its potential in explanation sign-functions. Part Three contains the main conclusions of the semiological analysis of lans. In the final part I summarise the article.In this article I describe contemporary processes of marking identity in the context of the phenomenon and concept of “lans”. The text consist of four parts. Part One, I describe changes that have taken place in recent centuries and their consequences for identity nowadays. In the second part I outline the characteristic of lans, paying attention to its potential in explanation sign-functions. Part Three contains the main conclusions of the semiological analysis of lans. In the final part I summarise the article
Spór o interpretację w literaturoznawstwie – nie taki radykalny, jak go malują
Get PDFThis review of Tomasz Szymon Markiewka’s book, entitled Interpretation Argument in Literary Studies. Analysis of Selected Theoretical Conceptions of 20th Century, focuses on reconstruction of its main theses, as well as on evaluate their methodological aspects. The first part deals with theoretical issues, mainly of terminological decisions and relation between the literature studies and philosophy. Next, article assesses the pros and cons of the main part of the book, which contains analysis of five selected theorists’ ideas of interpretation. The final part of the review raises the issue of the method of interpretation literary texts.This review of Tomasz Szymon Markiewka’s book, entitled Interpretation Argument in Literary Studies. Analysis of Selected Theoretical Conceptions of 20th Century, focuses on reconstruction of its main theses, as well as on evaluate their methodological aspects. The first part deals with theoretical issues, mainly of terminological decisions and relation between the literature studies and philosophy. Next, article assesses the pros and cons of the main part of the book, which contains analysis of five selected theorists’ ideas of interpretation. The final part of the review raises the issue of the method of interpretation literary texts
Jacques Derrida and zoomorphism: an inquiry
Get PDFThe article discusses zoomorphism as part of the anthropocentric discourse aimed at establishing human dominance over animals. Basing on Jacques Derrida’s 1997 paper “The Animal That Therefore I Am (More to Follow),” the article approaches anthropomorphism and zoomorphism as culturally sanctioned ways of misrepresenting animality and shaping human attitudes towards real-life animals. A symptom of the misrepresentation is the gap between animals and their linguistic denotations. The specific aim of the article is to demonstrate that zoomorphism as used in everyday language conserves the human-centered vision of the world by ignoring the differences between individual animals. The discussion concludes by arguing that zoomorphism can be remedied by the individualizing aspects of anthropomorphism.The article discusses zoomorphism as part of the anthropocentric discourse aimed at establishing human dominance over animals. Basing on Jacques Derrida’s 1997 paper “The Animal That Therefore I Am (More to Follow),” the article approaches anthropomorphism and zoomorphism as culturally sanctioned ways of misrepresenting animality and shaping human attitudes towards real-life animals. A symptom of the misrepresentation is the gap between animals and their linguistic denotations. The specific aim of the article is to demonstrate that zoomorphism as used in everyday language conserves the human-centered vision of the world by ignoring the differences between individual animals. The discussion concludes by arguing that zoomorphism can be remedied by the individualizing aspects of anthropomorphism
O statusie badań semiotycznych w dobie kultury cyfrowej
Get PDFThis article proves the need to develop semiotics research focused on digital text, whose basic unit is the digital sign and which differs from other signs in its nature and structure. The changes that have taken place in the structure of the sign result in changes in the sphere of text and discourse. In turn, these mean that research in semiotics, stylistics, poetology, rhetoric and aesthetics (with mutual awareness of how they interact, exert an influence and interlock) cannot be credible without taking account of and updating semiotics research. The article puts forward the thesis that the development in the forms of sign-organisation of the message, new ways of using textualis, the significant contribution of representational layer in shaping textual structure and the communicative situation all lead to the crystallisation of semiopoetics. Examples of its categories and research problems are kinetic figures (adjection, reduction, permutation, transformation, atomisation); functional homonyms; new ways of versification and narration. Discovering the sphere of semiopoetics allows one not only to reflect on newly established models of semiotics, or update poetics, but also to take a new look at texts produced using past technologies and notice previously overlooked aspects.This article proves the need to develop semiotics research focused on digital text, whose basic unit is the digital sign and which differs from other signs in its nature and structure. The changes that have taken place in the structure of the sign result in changes in the sphere of text and discourse. In turn, these mean that research in semiotics, stylistics, poetology, rhetoric and aesthetics (with mutual awareness of how they interact, exert an influence and interlock) cannot be credible without taking account of and updating semiotics research. The article puts forward the thesis that the development in the forms of sign-organisation of the message, new ways of using textualis, the significant contribution of representational layer in shaping textual structure and the communicative situation all lead to the crystallisation of semiopoetics. Examples of its categories and research problems are kinetic figures (adjection, reduction, permutation, transformation, atomisation); functional homonyms; new ways of versification and narration. Discovering the sphere of semiopoetics allows one not only to reflect on newly established models of semiotics, or update poetics, but also to take a new look at texts produced using past technologies and notice previously overlooked aspects
Widma ekokrytyki
Get PDFFor years ecocriticism has been almost completely absent in Polish humanities, and although it has become known to a wider group of academics and literary critics and has gained some recognition, it is still not widely acknowledged. This situation raises two basic questions: first, what are the reasons for the low level of interest in ecocriticism in Polish humanities?; secondly, what are the chances and conditions for establishing ecocriticism in the Polish academia? The author assumes that there are spectral remains of the early stages of ecocriticism that still haunt it, casting a shadow on current research and hindering the reception of ecocriticism in Poland. The main specters that haunt ecocriticism are: the specter of romanticism, an anti-theoretical attitude, and naive realism that sprout from the first wave of ecocriticism. Referring to the latest currents in ecological criticism, the author indicates further directions in which Polish ecocriticism should develop in order to be freed from the persecuting specters of the past.For years ecocriticism has been almost completely absent in Polish humanities, and although it has become known to a wider group of academics and literary critics and has gained some recognition, it is still not widely acknowledged. This situation raises two basic questions: first, what are the reasons for the low level of interest in ecocriticism in Polish humanities?; secondly, what are the chances and conditions for establishing ecocriticism in the Polish academia? The author assumes that there are spectral remains of the early stages of ecocriticism that still haunt it, casting a shadow on current research and hindering the reception of ecocriticism in Poland. The main specters that haunt ecocriticism are: the specter of romanticism, an anti-theoretical attitude, and naive realism that sprout from the first wave of ecocriticism. Referring to the latest currents in ecological criticism, the author indicates further directions in which Polish ecocriticism should develop in order to be freed from the persecuting specters of the past
Performatywność reprezentacji
Get PDFStarting from a reference to René Magritte`s painting “The Images of Treachery”, the introductory article focuses on a performative understanding of representation. Pointing to the perspective of this painting, literary fiction, acting and masks, it refers to dramatic views in literary studies.Starting from a reference to René Magritte`s painting “The Images of Treachery”, the introductory article focuses on a performative understanding of representation. Pointing to the perspective of this painting, literary fiction, acting and masks, it refers to dramatic views in literary studies
O egzystencji w dziele literackim i o egzystencji dzieła
Get PDFThe concept of existence is rooted in (at least) two traditions: philosophical and literary theory. This does not mean, however, that it means the same for both fields. The first tradition is wide ranging because it includes diverse – physical, emotional and spiritual (as well as intellectual) – aspects of being. The second tradition is narrow and it closely refers to literary output. Literary existence – which is based on physical reality – is permanently separated from it. Literature refers to the representation and imagination of the world, not to the empirical experience of physical reality. In addition, literature does not apply the categories of truth and falsehood that we know from social reality (because literary existence stands, beyond the assertion). It is also imprisoned in genology – inscribed in the genre. Literary existence has more to do with poetry, style, artistic convention than what philosophers are examining. Sometimes great literary works deal with great philosophical problems, but sometimes do not and it do not detract from their artistic nature. Both of these tradition – literary and philosophical – however, have many common places, require careful study and analysis. The article is an attempt to show these places and characterize their features.The concept of existence is rooted in (at least) two traditions: philosophical and literary theory. This does not mean, however, that it means the same for both fields. The first tradition is wide ranging because it includes diverse – physical, emotional and spiritual (as well as intellectual) – aspects of being. The second tradition is narrow and it closely refers to literary output. Literary existence – which is based on physical reality – is permanently separated from it. Literature refers to the representation and imagination of the world, not to the empirical experience of physical reality. In addition, literature does not apply the categories of truth and falsehood that we know from social reality (because literary existence stands, beyond the assertion). It is also imprisoned in genology – inscribed in the genre. Literary existence has more to do with poetry, style, artistic convention than what philosophers are examining. Sometimes great literary works deal with great philosophical problems, but sometimes do not and it do not detract from their artistic nature. Both of these tradition – literary and philosophical – however, have many common places, require careful study and analysis. The article is an attempt to show these places and characterize their features
O odbiorze dzieła literackiego
Get PDFThe article is an attempt to answer the question: what happens to a literary work – understood as Ingarden’s purely intentional objects – from the recipient’s perspective? And also: how do the images of objects arise in the minds of the audience and what are their properties? Transferring purely intentional objects to the recipient’s perspective changes their status: mental images of objects are subject to numerous fluctuations (based on emotions and cognitive processes). In this way they are transformed into forms that are non-permanent reflections of objects belonging to a literary work. Referring to Ingarden’s terminology, one might say that they become purely intentional reflections (or reflections of purely intentional objects). The article is an attempt to characterize and stratify them.The article is an attempt to answer the question: what happens to a literary work – understood as Ingarden’s purely intentional objects – from the recipient’s perspective? And also: how do the images of objects arise in the minds of the audience and what are their properties? Transferring purely intentional objects to the recipient’s perspective changes their status: mental images of objects are subject to numerous fluctuations (based on emotions and cognitive processes). In this way they are transformed into forms that are non-permanent reflections of objects belonging to a literary work. Referring to Ingarden’s terminology, one might say that they become purely intentional reflections (or reflections of purely intentional objects). The article is an attempt to characterize and stratify them
Natura (nie)odzyskana. Pan Knuta Hamsuna
Get PDFThe Norwegian novelist Knut Hamsun’s outstanding early novel Pan. From Lieutenant Thomas Glahn’s Papers (1894) is often acknowledged as a manifestation of the specificity and profundity of Hamsun’s perception of nature. Contrary to the prevailing opinion, I argue that the novel’s main protagonist cannot be simply seen as the happily fulfilled “man of nature” for whom he wishes to pass. In a critical dialogue with the post-Romantic interpretations of Pan and drawing on some classic philosophical traditions (i.e. Rousseau, Schiller) as well as the modern Norwegian scholarship, I explore the psychological dimension of Hamsun’s masterpiece and present Glahn as an individual who attempts to erase or at least mystify within a personalized narrative the conflict between the objective world and his subjective perception of reality. This predicament seems essential to understanding Glahn’s character and ipso facto Hamsun’s less obvious position in the philosophical debate on the essence of modernity conceived as “Disenchantment”. By carefully following Glahn’s narratives centered on his experience of nature, I reveal their artificial and simulating character. Such a reading allows me to argue that Hamsun’s Pan concurs in a subtler language of literature with the philosophical acknowledgement, dating back to Rousseau, of the impossibility of the individual’s return to the pre-modern time, as if to the realm of original, transcendental sense and immediacy of our experience of the world. The horizons of the modern – perhaps suffice to say: mature? – historicized and highly reflexive consciousness cannot be transgressed; the Romantic sensitivity, in its naïve search for the authentic experience of nature as a source of the self and the sense, can only regain it in discourse, which amounts to positing nature as a beautiful appearance and thus compensating for one’s dramatic feeling of alienation from nature and being conceived of as a metaphysical “wholeness”.The Norwegian novelist Knut Hamsun’s outstanding early novel Pan. From Lieutenant Thomas Glahn’s Papers (1894) is often acknowledged as a manifestation of the specificity and profundity of Hamsun’s perception of nature. Contrary to the prevailing opinion, I argue that the novel’s main protagonist cannot be simply seen as the happily fulfilled “man of nature” for whom he wishes to pass. In a critical dialogue with the post-Romantic interpretations of Pan and drawing on some classic philosophical traditions (i.e. Rousseau, Schiller) as well as the modern Norwegian scholarship, I explore the psychological dimension of Hamsun’s masterpiece and present Glahn as an individual who attempts to erase or at least mystify within a personalized narrative the conflict between the objective world and his subjective perception of reality. This predicament seems essential to understanding Glahn’s character and ipso facto Hamsun’s less obvious position in the philosophical debate on the essence of modernity conceived as “Disenchantment”. By carefully following Glahn’s narratives centered on his experience of nature, I reveal their artificial and simulating character. Such a reading allows me to argue that Hamsun’s Pan concurs in a subtler language of literature with the philosophical acknowledgement, dating back to Rousseau, of the impossibility of the individual’s return to the pre-modern time, as if to the realm of original, transcendental sense and immediacy of our experience of the world. The horizons of the modern – perhaps suffice to say: mature? – historicized and highly reflexive consciousness cannot be transgressed; the Romantic sensitivity, in its naïve search for the authentic experience of nature as a source of the self and the sense, can only regain it in discourse, which amounts to positing nature as a beautiful appearance and thus compensating for one’s dramatic feeling of alienation from nature and being conceived of as a metaphysical “wholeness”