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Las orquídeas de la Reserva de la Biosfera Torres del Paine: La necesidad de implementar monitoreo de especies y planificación ecoturística para la conservación de la biodiversidad
No full textSe describen las orquídeas de la Reserva de la Biosfera Torres del Paine sobre la base de exploraciones botánicas, registros fotográficos y colecciones de herbario llevadas a cabo por los autores. Esta lista comprende 3 géneros y 9 especies: Chloraea chica, Chloraea leptopetala, Chloraea magellanica, Codonorchis lessonii, Gavilea araucana, Gavilea gladysiae, Gavilea littoralis, Gavilea lutea y Gavilea supralabellata. G. gladysiae es un registro nuevo para esta área protegida y se reporta el primer fenotipo aberrante de flores albinas de Chl. magellanica. Se provee de una descripción de las especies que incluye morfología, habitats, abundancias locales, fenología de floración y fotografías. La riqueza de especies aquí reportada representa cerca del 35% de las orquídeas que se distribuyen en las regiones florísticas Templada-Austral y el 75% de las especies descritas para la Región de Magallanes, colocando a la Reserva de la Biosfera Torres del Paine como una de las áreas protegidas más representativas para este grupo taxonómico en Chile. Basados en nuestros resultados recalcamos la necesidad de establecer programas de monitoreo para las orquídeas y promoverlas como especies emblemáticas en planificación ecoturística para así incrementar la valoración de las especies y reforzar la conservación de la biodiversidad
Observation of bacteria over the surface of released oogonia from Fucus vesiculosus L. (Phaeophyceae)
No full textPese al enorme número de bacterias que se encuentran normalmente en la columna de agua, se registra por primera vez su presencia sobre oogonios del alga Fucus vesiculosus. En cortes transversales, sin embargo, los oogonios se encontraban libres de epibiosis. Las algas fucoides son fundamentales en ciertos ambientes costeros, mas el impacto microbiano sobre su ciclo de vida y colonización es completamente desconocido
Cold tolerance evaluation of temperate rice (Oryza sativa L. ssp. japonica) genotypes at seedling stage
No full textCold is the most important abiotic factor that affect rice yield in Chile, which can alter the phenology and physiology of the rice at seedling stage. With the aim to increase the accuracy for cold tolerance evaluation in Chilean Rice Breeding Program of the Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIA), 109 experimental lines were evaluated to cold tolerance using morphological and physiological traits, at seedling stage. Cold treatment was achieved by placing seedlings at 5 °C on dark for 72 h and evaluations were made after seven days recovery. Leaf chlorosis based on the standard evaluation system scale (SES), Chlorophyll content (Chl), Malondialdehyde concentration (MDA) and maximum quantum yield of Photosystem II (Fv/Fm) were evaluated. Best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) for all traits and multivariate analysis were made in order to determine the cold tolerant genotypes. Variability in cold tolerance among experimental lines was described by principal component and cluster analysis of BLUPs for all traits. The broad sense heritability calculated for SES scale was the highest (0.54), while for Fv/Fm was the lowest (0.10). Genotypes with high cold tolerance were Quila 242002 and Quila 241304, while more susceptible genotypes were Quila 64117, Quila 260312 and Quila 241607. The results suggest that the BLUPs and multivariate analysis allow adequate clustering of rice genotypes according to the degree of their cold tolerance. Finally, we suggest that SES scale and Chl content were the most suitable traits to evaluate cold tolerance for the rice genotypes studied and for the conditions evaluated
First report of Erysiphe convolvuli on Convolvulus arvensis and Calystegia sepium in Chile with a description of the sexual state
No full textLa correhuela (Convolvulus arvensis L.) es una planta cosmopolita, ampliamente distribuida en Chile y considerada como una maleza de importancia en cultivos agrícolas. Por muchos años se ha observado la presencia de un oídio creciendo profusamente sobre sus hojas y tallos pero, recientemente, en el otoño de 2010 se observó por primera vez el teleomorfo de este hongo. Se realizó una prospección de plantas sintomáticas encontrándose la forma sexual del oídio desde la Región de Coquimbo hasta la Región del Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins. El patógeno fue identificado como Erysiphe convolvuli var. convolvuli, el cual no había sido reportado anteriormente en el país. Muestreos realizados en el otoño de 2012 permitieron determinar, además, la presencia de Erysiphe convolvuli var. calystegiae en dos muestras de Calystegia sepium, observándose casmotecios inmaduros en una de ellas
Notes on Gentianella tarapacana (Gilg) T.N.Ho & S.W.Liu (Gentianaceae), endemic to the Chilean Altiplano
No full textOver a century after its first collection, Gentianella tarapacana (Gilg) T.N. Ho & S.W. Liu (Gentianaceae) was rediscovered at its type locality Amincha (Region ofAntofagasta, Province El Loa; 21°12'S; 68°20'W, 3850 m). The species is endemic to the Altiplano of northern Chile. It grows in wetland habitats. We designate a lectotype and provide a detailed description of the species, as well as an illustration and floristic information about its habitat at the type locality
Nueva localidad en Chile para Menodora linoides Phil. (Oleaceae), especie considerada extinta en el siglo XX
No full textAn area in the Andes of the Valparaíso Region is indicated as a new locality for the species Menodora linoides Phil., an endemic and unique representative of the Oleaceae family in Chile. The plant described in 1863, was considered extinct in the 20th century, but has been collected twice in the present centur
Mercado forestal Diciembre 2020
No full text29 páginasMercado forestal es una publicación trimestral que incluye en sus primeras páginas los elementos e indicadores que marcan la coyuntura económica nacional e internacional. Luego contiene un artículo sobre las exportaciones del período, documentos de análisis, noticias y un conjunto de series de precios de productos forestales tanto en el mercado externo como en el interno.
Mercado forestal se publica en marzo, junio, septiembre y diciembre de cada año. La edición del mes de Diciembre contiene las cifras de exportaciones hasta el mes de Noviembre del año 2020
Do pollinators respond in a dose-dependent manner to flower herbivory?: An experimental assessment in Loasa tricolor (Loasaceae)
No full textPollinators are able to discriminate among different floral phenotypes. Thus, flowers more attractive to pollinators usually receive more visits to their reproductive structures. However, this effect of attraction does not necessarily occur in a binary way, all-or-nothing. Loasa tricolor KerGawl. is an annual herb covered with stinging hairs. Flowers present a corolla with five yellow petals and red nectarine scales. In this study, we assess whether the variation in the floral phenotype of L. tricolor affects discrimination by pollinators, following a dose-dependent type of response. This study was carried out in a protected area of Chile where L. tricolor shows high levels of florivory, probably affecting its attraction to pollinators. We experimentally modified the corolla phenotype, removing three or all petals. We measured visitation rate, richness and diversity of pollinator species in treated and control flowers. Results show that three-petal-removal did not reduce the visitation rate compared to control, while complete-petal-removal significantly reduced the visitation rate. Most pollinator species were recorded in the three-petal-removal treatment (nine species), while complete-petal-removal treatment obtained the lowest richness value (four species). These results suggest that species diversity, richness and visitation rates are affected by flower phenotype variation, but probably for complete petal loss only. We suggest that different levels of florivory on L. tricolor do not affect pollinator discrimination in a dose-dependent way
TOTAL AND ORGANIC PHOSPHORUS IN CHILEAN VOLCANIC SOILS
No full textThis paper reviews the literature related to total and organic P (Po) levels present in both agricultural and forest soils from southern Chile. Different reports have demonstrated the high contents of total P (Pt) found in agricultural soils (1,000-3,000 mg kg-1) even in unfertilized soils. In most soils Po represents more than 50% of Pt, mainly as inositol penta- and hexaphosphates linked to Fe and/or Al. Lipid-P has been found in very small quantities suggesting very fast cycling. When phosphate fertilizers are applied to these soils, the bulk of P is accumulated as macromolecular-P complexes closely associated with soil organic matter. Close relationships have been found between organic C and Po and between Po and P associated with humic acids (HA-P). When applying Hedley's chemical fractionation procedure to these soils some significant P fractions or pools of high lability are obtained suggesting a potential plant availability of some forms of accumulated P, which can be manipulated by agricultural management. On the other hand, Pt in forest soils has been found in smaller quantities than in agricultural soils but Po also represents more than 50% of total P. The higher levels of labile P found in forest soils in comparison to agricultural ones together to higher C/Po ratios are suggesting a faster P cycling in forest ecosystem
Anatomical, physiological and chemical differences between populations of Pseudocyphellaria flavicans (Hook. f. & Taylor) Vain. from Chile
No full textEnvironmental conditions can affect lichen morphology, physiology and chemistry. Some functional traits; like thickness of thallus layers, photosystems condition, and presence of photoprotective and antioxidant compounds are key to colonizing new sites, and can change depending on light and moisture availability. In the present study, we compared the morphology, physiology and chemistry of the native Chilean lichen Pseudocyphellaria flavicans from two Coastal populations (Nahuelbuta and Contulmo, Araucanía district), and one Andean population (Ralco, Bío-Bío district). Ralco is a more closed secondary forest, and can show dryer periods compared to Nahuelbuta and Contulmo. We found differences in thalli anatomy between populations. Ralco individuals had thinner upper cortex than Nahuelbuta individuals. Contulmo individuals had similar upper cortex thickness compared to the other two populations. We also found differences in the response of the maximal efficiency of the PSII (Fv/Fm) to desiccation and in the in situ values measured. We did not find differences between populations in the chemical traits. The differences between populations could be attributed to differences in local environmental conditions, namely moisture and light