Biblioteca Digital Instituto Forestal
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Native Plant Production in Chile. Is It Possible to Achieve Restoration Goals by 2035?
Get PDFFacing rapid loss of biodiversity as a consequence of climate change, Chile has formally pledged to restore 600,000 ha of native forest by 2035. This effort, however, has not considered the amount and quality of native plants required to meet this pledge. Thus, we examined data collected during the annual, government-conducted census of small- and medium-sized nurseries from central Chile, which account for 78% of the nation’s total plant production, to assess if current production is sufficient to meet Chile´s restoration needs. We coupled this with data collected during our series of ongoing research projects to determine if nurseries are currently meeting minimum seedling quality standards based on morpho-physiological attributes. Our four-year analysis (2016–2019) shows that the number of native seedlings has increased by only 4%, but because only 19% of nursery managers have training, just 29% of all seedlings meet quality criteria for restoration. Thus, under the current rate and quality of plant production, meeting restoration pledges desired by the year 2035 would not be achieved until 2181. This timeline can be accelerated through an urgent expansion of nursery space, implementation of a continuous program for technology and knowledge transference, and strong support through governmental policies
La industria de astillas 2021
Get PDF34 páginasEl presente boletín contiene cifras actualizadas recientemente sobre producción de astillas en Chile, además de antecedentes generales de exportación del rubro. De esta forma, se logra caracterizar la industria gracias a series estadísticas, generadas mediante la información recopilada en el muestreo a la Industria Forestal Primaria, actividad realizada anualmente por INFOR durante el primer trimestre del año
An approach to quantify climate–productivity relationships: an example from a widespread Nothofagus forest
No full textpáginas 1-14Unique combinations of geographic and environmental conditions make quantifying the importance of factors that influence forest productivity difficult. I aimed to model the height growth of dominant Nothofagus alpina trees in temperate forests of Chile, as a proxy for forest productivity, by building a dynamic model that accounts for topography, habitat type, and climate conditions. Using stem analysis data of 169 dominant trees sampled throughout south-central Chile (35°50′ and 41°30′ S), I estimated growth model parameters using a nonlinear mixed-effects framework that takes into account the hierarchical structure of the data. Based on the proposed model, I used a system-dynamics approach to analyze growth rates as a function of topographic, habitat type, and climatic variability. I found that the interaction between aspect, slope, and elevation, as well as the effect of habitat type, play an essential role in determining tree height growth rates of N. alpina. Furthermore, the precipitation in the warmest quarter, precipitation seasonality, and annual mean temperature are critical climatic drivers of forest productivity. Given a forecasted climate condition for the region by 2100, where precipitation seasonality and mean annual temperature increase by 10% and 1°C, respectively, and precipitation in the warmest quarter decreases by 10 mm, I predict a reduction of 1.4 m in height growth of 100-yr-old dominant trees. This study shows that the sensitivity of N. alpina-dominated forests to precipitation and temperature patterns could lead to a reduction of tree height growth rates as a result of climate change, suggesting a decrease in carbon sequestration too. By implementing a system dynamics approach, I provide a new perspective on climate-productivity relationships, bettering the quantitative understanding of forest ecosystem dynamics under climate change. The results highlight that while temperature rising might favor forest growth, the decreasing in both amount and distribution within a year of precipitation can be even more critical to reduce forest productivity
Promotores socioeconómicos de la pérdida y degradación del bosque nativo en Chile
No full text104 páginasEn el marco del proyecto SIMEF “Sistema Integrado de Monitoreo de Ecosistemas Forestales Nativos” se llevó a cabo un levantamiento de información socioeconómica en los mismos puntos de muestreo que se utilizan para monitorear variables biofísicas con el fin de enriquecer el análisis de los factores que propician los cambios que se observan en el estado de los ecosistemas forestales
Ensamble de coleópteros epigeos ribereños del Humedal de Batuco (Región Metropolitana, Chile)
No full textEl Humedal de Batuco (Región Metropolitana, Chile) se sitúa en uno de los sitios prioritarios de
conservación de biodiversidad de la zona Central de Chile. Dada la escasa información acerca de su fauna
entomológica, se estudió en este sitio el ensamble de coleópteros epigeos ribereños en dos temporadas:
primavera (2015) y otoño (2016). Alrededor del borde del cuerpo de agua se seleccionaron tres tipos
de vegetación (TV) representativos de las especies vegetales dominantes. En cada uno de estos TV, se
instaló al azar cinco trampas de intercepción (pitfall) a una distancia mínima de 5 m desde el borde por
temporada (n=30) para la captura de los coleópteros. Posterior a su identificación se estimó la abundancia
y riqueza de los coleópteros y de los gremios tróficos asociados: fitófagos, depredadores y saprófagos. Se
aplicaron pruebas no paramétricas de Kruskal-Wallis y de Mann-Whitney, para determinar las diferencias
estadísticas en las variables evaluadas. El ensamble de coleópteros epigeos estuvo conformado por seis
familias, 14 géneros y 20 especies (12 de ellas nativas). La abundancia y riqueza de los coleópteros epigeos
fue significativamente superior en primavera en todos los TV evaluados. En los gremios se produjeron
diferencias en la abundancia en los depredadores y saprófagos en primavera, en tanto que por temporada
en los depredadores se observaron diferencias en cada TV. La información obtenida constituye el primer
registro de entomofauna epigea del borde del humedal, y puede servir de base para investigaciones
futuras sobre conservación en este sitio prioritario.The Batuco Wetland (Metropolitan Region, Chile) is located in one of the priority sites for biodiversity conservation in Central Chile. Given the scarce information about its entomological fauna, the assemblage of riparian epigeal beetles was studied in two seasons: spring (2015) and fall (2016). Around the edge of wetland water body, three types of vegetation (TV) representatives of the dominant plant species were selected. In each of these TV, five interception traps (pitfalls) were randomly installed at a minimum distance of 5 m from the edge per season (n = 30) to capture of the beetles. After its identification, the abundance and richness of the coleopterans and associated trophic guilds were estimated: phytophagous, predatory and saprophagous. Nonparametric tests of Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney were applied to determine the statistical differences between the evaluated variables. The epigeal coleopteran assembly was made up of six families, 14 genera and 20 species (12 of them native). Epigeal coleopteran abundance and richness were significantly higher in spring in all TV evaluated. In the guilds there were differences in abundance in predators and saprophagous in spring, while by season in predators' differences were observed in each TV. The information obtained constitutes the first record of epigeal entomofauna in the edge of the wetland and may serve as a basis for future research aimed at conserving this priority site
Mediterranean Pinus pinea L. nuts from Southern Hemisphere provenances
No full text9 páginasStone pine nuts, the most expensive dry fruit worldwide, have been characterized mostly for the main producer countries, located in the Northern Hemisphere. A proximate composition analysis of pine nuts harvested from seven areas located in the Southern Hemisphere (Argentina, Australia, Chile and New Zealand) was performed. Pine nuts showed significant differences in dietary fiber and minerals, probably due to the different climate and environmental conditions, confirming the species’ plasticity and adaptability. Australian pine nuts showed a different profile, with the highest values for protein, lipids and ashes, and the lowest for dietary fiber. Studied pine nuts showed values comparable to the ones reported for the species in its native habitat. Results confirmed that high-quality Mediterranean pine nuts might be produced in the areas included in this study, with practical implications for stone pine cropping in non-native habitats and for the later marketing of pine nuts
Uso de la plataforma digital Sistema Integrado de Monitoreo y Evaluación de los Ecosistemas Forestales Nativos (SIMEF)
No full textEl objetivo de la plataforma SIMEF es entregar información actualizada sobre el estado y situación de los ecosistemas forestales nativos de Chile. La Plataforma de SIMEF se compone de diferentes herramientas y secciones, las cuales pueden ser sistematizadas a través del mapa de su sitio web (Figura 1). Cada una de las herramientas se presenta a través de una página introductoria que orienta respecto del objetivo y los contenidos disponibles
Natural advance regeneration of native tree species in pinus radiata plantations of South-Central Chile suggests potential for a passive restoration approach
No full textRestoration of natural forests previously replaced
by plantations is a widespread challenge for forestry
in Chile and elsewhere. However, there is little
documented evidence for successful restoration,
either through active or passive approaches. In this
study, we aimed at (1) determining the potential
for passive restoration in first-rotation Pinus radiata
plantations through natural regeneration of native
tree species and (2) identifying drivers of this advance
regeneration. Across different regions in
south-central Chile, we established nearly 260 plots
to assess regeneration and environmental conditions
along 26 transects running from plantations
into adjacent natural forests. The regeneration was
exclusively composed by native species, except for
7 individuals of P. radiata. Mean density and
diversity of seedlings were significantly higher in natural forests than in plantations, but this was not
the case for sapling density, and no differences in
sapling diversity were supported. Additionally,
significant differences in regeneration composition
between plantations and natural forests were found
only at two of the eight study sites. Compared to
climatic and soil chemical variables, which varied
mostly at regional scales, local environmental
conditions showed little influence on regeneration,
possibly due to the structural homogeneity of
plantations. Yet, the significantly higher basal area,
litter thickness and gap fraction of plantations
compared to natural forests suggest that these factors
may explain differences at the seedling stage.
Our study indicates that the use of appropriate
harvesting methods that maintain advance regeneration
may facilitate the transition from plantations
to native forests through passive restoration.
The use this approach should be further investigated
through analyzing regeneration’s response to
different forms of plantation harvesting
Durabilidad natural de la madera de renoval de Coihue (Nothofagus dombeyi (Mirb.) Oerst)
Get PDF24 páginasEl presente estudio tiene como objetivo general determinar la durabilidad natural de la madera de duramen de renoval de coihue sometida a la acción de dos hongos xilófagos de pudrición blanca, de acuerdo a las categorías establecidas por Findlay (1962) y por la norma EN-350, las cuales se adecuan a las mencionadas en la norma NCh 789/1 (Maderas. Parte 1: Clasificación de maderas comerciales por su durabilidad natural)
The influence of microsite conditions on early performance of planted Nothofagus nitida seedlings when restoring degraded coastal temperate rain forests
No full textWidespread impacts of changes in land use, climate, and disturbance regimes continue to affect mature forests and their subsequent post-disturbance recovery. In South American temperate rainforests, the recovery of the original composition, structure, and ecological services of now-degraded old-growth forests is additionally hampered by the aggressive competition that the native Chusquea bamboo understory exerts on juvenile trees, thus arresting ecological succession. In this study, we aim to evaluate the early performance of Nothofagus nitida seedlings (pioneer tree species that tolerate shade) planted beneath nurse canopy following removal of the understory, and to define which microsite conditions can facilitate N. nitida growth. For this, we monitored 45 N. nitida plantings established in 2014 in Chiloé Island (North Patagonia, Chile) for five years. After this period, planted seedlings presented relatively good indicators of performance with low mortality (~30% of dead seedlings), good vitality (~60% of healthy seedlings), and relatively high mean periodic annual increments in root collar diameter and height (~1.7 mm/year and ~17.4 cm/year, respectively). Furthermore, our results show that the planted N. nitida seedlings can tolerate and grow under low-light conditions, though their diameter and height increase significantly with higher light availability. However, physiological stress of planted seedlings increased in open areas with more available light and planted seedlings were most stressed during the summer season. Increased summer-season stress was attributed to the months with highest depth of the water table, highest maximum and mean photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) values, highest temperature, and lowest precipitation. Our results show for first time with field-based data that different microsite and canopy conditions facilitate the initial performance of N. nitida plantings after removal of the Chusquea bamboo understory. In this context, we conclude that the removal of the Chusquea bamboo understory is the key to overcome arrested succession of coastal temperate rain forests Furthermore, supplementary planting of pioneer tree species that tolerate shade, like N. nitida, assists natural forest recovery, especially in humid and open sites with some protection of a nurse canopy