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Caracterización mecánica de tipologías de muros fabricados con madera aserrada estructural de Pino radiata y sometidos a carga lateral
Get PDF18 páginasEl objetivo de este estudio considera determinar las capacidades admisibles de tipologías de muro sometidos a cargas de corte, fabricados con madera aserrada estructural de pino radiata y tableros contrachapados, considerando las restricciones a la deformación que señalan la normativa chilena y estadounidense
Incentivos para impulsar la construcción en madera en Chile
Get PDF90 páginasEl presente documento realizado en conjunto por el Instituto Forestal y A2S Arquitectos Asociados se enmarca en el desarrollo del proyecto “Fortalecimiento de capacidades tecnológicas del Instituto Forestal para el desarrollo de la industria secundaria de la madera, a través de bienes públicos orientados al sector de la construcción.”
El objetivo de este estudio es describir el estado actual de avance de las políticas públicas de promoción de la construcción en madera en Chile y detectar cuáles son las brechas que impiden al país masificar el uso de este material en las edificaciones
Traditional leadership on the commons: main challenges for leaders of community organizations to govern rural water in Ránquil, Chile
No full textpáginas: 311-328Water community organizations are essential for water management in rural areas in the majority of Latin American and Caribbean countries, including Chile. However, Chile is the only country in this region where water is traded as an asset and is subjected to property rights. Despite this legal context, the behavior of local leaders and the Water Committees management system consider water as a commons. Consequently, these committees face constant obstacles caused by the duality of water management systems present in the country.
For these reasons, this chapter aims to visualize the challenges faced by these committees in the context of increasing water scarcity to guarantee the local communities’ and users’ access to water. The study addresses the perspectives of leaders and members of Water Committees of the district of Ranquil, a highly vulnerable territory located in South-Central Chile. Some of the main challenges identified deal with issues such as water outages, poor water quality, and the presence of forest plantations. Equally important are some obstacles related to interaction with other stakeholders of the territory, the lack of support from the state, and issues within the committees’ organization and members
La industria del pellet en la región del Biobío
No full text52 páginasEl documento presenta una descripción de la industria del pellet en la región del Biobío en la producción de este biocombustible, basado en el uso de la biomasa forestal para energía, en las comunas forestales y sectores productivos de la región
La madera como material para la construcción: mitos, realidades y oportunidades
Get PDF8p.El documento describe los beneficios ambientales, funcionales y económicos de la construcción con madera, desmitificando los prejuicios fundados en el desconocimiento debido a la falta de información.
Además, hace especial hincapié en las oportunidades y desafíos a futuro donde la madera juega un rol principal en distintos aspectos, donde destaca el desafío de construir viviendas con materiales de bajo impacto ambiental
Boletín bosque nativo junio 2021
No full text26 páginasBosque Nativo se publica dos veces al año y tiene por objeto entregar directorios, estadísticas, información y análisis sobre la industria asociada al recurso nativo, sobre las exportaciones de productos forestales de especies nativas y sobre el acontecer general de las actividades relacionadas con este recurso. Bosque nativo se publica en junio y diciembre de cada año. La edición de junio entrega información sobre las exportaciones de productos forestales de especies nativas y la edición de diciembre entrega información de la industria del aserrío asociada a las maderas nativas
Assessment of the occurrence of forest fires in pandemic period by COVID-19 in Chile. Preliminary backgrounds
No full textThe spatial and temporal behavior of the occurrence of forest fires in Chile was evaluated
in the presence of COVID-19 and mobility restrictions. The fire period from 2015–2016 to 2020–2021
was considered and statistics on mobility restrictions were granted by the Government of Chile. The
analysis was developed at different scales of geographic perception. At the national and regional
levels, the global behavior of the occurrence was determined, and later at the communal level, the
political territorial unit, to determine internal variations attributable to the mobility dynamics in
the quarantine period. In the process, the meteorological background of the fire activity was also
considered. The results indicate that it is possible to rule out a meteorological effect, based on the
variation of the moisture content of fine fuel. There was also no statistical association between the
humidity of the fuel and the variation in the occurrence of fires. It is concluded that the communes
that presented the greatest mobility of people before the pandemic were those that obtained the
greatest reduction in fires. The variation in mobility, the product of restriction measures, is a statistical
predictor of the increase or decrease in fires
Effect of land use history on biodiversity of pine plantations
No full textThe growing replacement of native vegetation by forest plantations is considered a global threat to biodiversity. Significant variation in biotic communities among stands with similar management suggests that previous land use might have an effect on the capacity of forest plantations to harbor native species. The goal of our study was to determine the effect of land-use history on the biodiversity currently present in pine plantations in the coastal range of Central Chile. In particular, we hypothesized that plantations that directly replaced native forests should have higher diversity of plants and birds than plantations that were established in agricultural areas. We also expected that plantations of higher number of rotations should have fewer habitat-specialists and more generalists/exotics, reflecting a process of biotic homogenization. Using aerial photographs and satellite images encompassing a period of six decades, we classified 108 4-ha sampling units into native forests, and mature (17-20 year) pine plantations of first, second, and third rotation, of either forest or agricultural origin. At each site, we collected data on the abundance and richness of diurnal birds and understory plants, and analyzed their behavior in relation to the land-use history using Generalized Linear Models (GLMs). Also, we evaluated dissimilarity of communities of each pine plantation "treatment" to assess the occurrence of biotic homogenization. As predicted, pine plantations that directly replaced native forests had a higher abundance of forest specialists and less abundance of exotics and generalists than plantations of agricultural origin. In contrast, the number of rotations of pine plantations not only did not affect negatively the diversity and abundance of forest specialist species, but the models showed some signs of naturalization in the studied systems over time, such as the increase in the abundance of native herbs and a reduction in the abundance of their exotic counterparts. These results agree with the lack of evidence for a decrease in the dissimilarity of biotic communities in plantations with time, suggesting that the management of pine plantations in Central Chile is not promoting biotic homogenization, beyond the impact of the initial stages of land use change
Quality and sustainability indicators of the prefabricated wood housing industry—a chilean case study
No full textWood industrialization provides a contribution to timber-based building. The Chilean
market is based on attributes such as the experience and trust of companies. The sales price, meeting
deadlines and quality are attributes that have motivated buyers. There are more attributes to assess
that are important for the client and market country: building materials and safety, sustainability, and
environmental assessment. Some of these valuations are provided by certifications such as life cycle
analysis, reduction of energy, water, gas consumption, thermal, acoustic insulation, fire resistance, etc.
The objective is to propose an evaluation tool using sustainability indicators for prefabricated lumberbased
buildings, using technical benefits of wood as an option for manufacturing prefabricated
structures. They constitute references that can be integrated with international construction standards
and with it, a process of improvement of the current standards for the housing solution and protection
of the environment. The methodology is based on standards compliance levels, according to current,
voluntary, or referential regulations, seeking to differentiate the market offer of prefabricated homes
through quality indicators, benchmarking and sustainability. The results are an evaluation model
synthesized into three tables according to the category evaluated: materials, products, or structures.
It concludes that, to meet demand, the market must adapt its offer to new requirements where it does
matter how the housing is produced, not only in the economic aspect, but also its impact on the social
aspect and the environment and what it offers in terms of quality of life. The lumber-based building
sector needs sustainability attributes indicators to potentiate the companies and start a differentiation
business
Bosques energía sociedad nº14. Consumo de leña y otros biocombustibles sólidos en la región de Aysén: adopción acelerada del pellet en la ciudad de Coyhaique y predominio de la leña en el resto de la región
No full text38 páginasLa leña es una de las principales fuentes de energía de la región de Aysén. Sin embargo, no existen estudios que estimen su consumo a escala regional. A partir de encuestas que fueron aplicadas el año 2021, desde La Junta hasta Villa O´Higgins, se analizó el consumo de energía del sector residencial. El consumo total de energía en la región fue de 1.708 gigawatt-hora/
año, el 80% de la cual proviene de la leña, el 8% del gas licuado, el 5% de la electricidad, el 5% del pellet, el 1,5% de kerosene y el 0,5% de otras fuentes de energía. El consumo de leña fue de 565.456 m3 sólidos/año (64% urbano y 36% rural). En áreas urbanas, el 82% de las viviendas consumen leña a un promedio de 14 m3 sólidos/vivienda/año, y en áreas rurales el 99% de las viviendas consumen leña a un promedio de 21 m3 sólidos/vivienda/año. La comuna de Coyhaique concentra el 44% del consumo regional de leña, aunque se observa un fuerte desacople entre crecimiento demográfico y consumo de leña, debido a una serie de factores, entre los que destaca el ingreso del pellet al menú energético de las familias. El Plan de Descontaminación Atmosférica implementado en Coyhaique está acelerando procesos de transición energética
que han permitido reducir el consumo de leña. Fortalecer ese proceso, e implementar un plan integral de eficiencia energética que implique mejorar el programa de reacondicionamiento térmico de viviendas y hacer más exigentes las normas de emisiones de calefactores a leña, sería un buen camino. Algo similar debería implementarse en Puerto Aysén, Cochrane y otras localidades para que toda la región avance al mismo ritmo