Przegląd Strategiczny
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Edmund J. Hull, High-Value Target. Countering Al Qaeda in Yemen, Potomac Books, Washington 2011, ss. 162.
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Od strategii Unii Europejskiej na rzecz Afryki do strategicznego partnerstwa z Afryką – dylematy o realnej wizji współpracy
Get PDFAfrica is subject of special interest for member states of the European Union. Since the beginning of the European Community, economical relations with African countries have been part of organization’s functioning. Political aspect of those relations was a result of treaty amendments. During the summit of December 15–16, 2005, the EU Strategy for Africa was adopted by the European Council. The document was an example of comprehensive position of the European Union towards the African continent and served as a basis for the future strategic partnership between the European Union and Africa, confirmed during the second and the third summit of 2007 and 2010. The aim of this paper is to analise mechanisms of implementation of the EU Strategy for Africa. Attention will be paid to indicate the possibility and conditions of effective implementation and to evaluate effects of strategic partnership with Africa.Africa is subject of special interest for member states of the European Union. Since the beginning of the European Community, economical relations with African countries have been part of organization’s functioning. Political aspect of those relations was a result of treaty amendments. During the summit of December 15–16, 2005, the EU Strategy for Africa was adopted by the European Council. The document was an example of comprehensive position of the European Union towards the African continent and served as a basis for the future strategic partnership between the European Union and Africa, confirmed during the second and the third summit of 2007 and 2010. The aim of this paper is to analise mechanisms of implementation of the EU Strategy for Africa. Attention will be paid to indicate the possibility and conditions of effective implementation and to evaluate effects of strategic partnership with Africa
Ochrona informacji niejawnych w systemie prawnym Unii Europejskiej
Get PDFThe paper discusses the principles of protection of classified information in EU law by means of an analysis of Article 1 of the Treaty establishing the European Community, and the Council decision of 31 March 2011 on the security rules for protecting EU classified information. Issues considered involve the clauses on classified information, risk management for security, the issue of personal and physical security, classified information management, protection of classified information in ICT systems, industrial security, information exchange with third countries, and finally – the breach and compromise of EU classified information. The final part emphasizes the connection between the above-mentioned decision and other normative acts.W tekście poddano analizie zasady ochrony informacji niejawnych w prawie Unii Europejskiejrozważając treść art. 296 TWE (obecnie art. 346 TFUE) oraz decyzję Rady z 31 marca2011 roku w sprawie przepisów bezpieczeństwa dotyczących ochrony informacji niejawnychUE. Rozważono kwestie odnoszące się do klauzul tajności, zarządzania ryzykiem dla bezpieczeństwa, problem bezpieczeństwa osobowego, fizycznego, zarządzania informacjami niejawnymi, ochrony informacji niejawnych w systemach teleinformatycznych, bezpieczństwaprzemysłowego, wymiany informacji z państwami trzecimi, wreszcie – naruszenia i narażeniana szwank informacji niejawnych UE. Zajêto się także sprawą organizacji bezpieczeństwa w Radziei funkcjonowaniem Komitetu ds. Bezpieczeństwa. W końcowej części zwrócono uwagę nazwiązek wspomnianej decyzji z innymi aktami normatywnymi
Polska Straż Graniczna – rozpoznawanie i przeciwdziałanie zagrożeniom terroryzmem w kontekście prawodawstwa polskiego i europejskiego
Get PDFPreventing and combating the phenomenon of terrorism requires an effective and systematic application of all the means accessible to a democratic country. The Border Guard, as one of the essential components of an anti-terrorist system, possesses a set of clear and legislatively established solutions for the realization of activities related to the identification and prevention of terrorist threats. The Border Guard, similar to the police service, is vested with and uses its powers to implement sophisticated methods of operational and intelligence work, such as: secret operational control, controlled delivery, controlled purchase, network of personal and non-personal sources of information, operational funds, operational analysis systems, operational surveillance and technology and special operations. The author describes the activities undertaken by the Border Guard within the scope of its statutory task, namely conducting activities as part of identifying and combating terrorist threats.Zapobieganie zjawisku terroryzmu i jego zwalczanie wymaga efektywnego i systematycznegostosowania wszelkich środków, jakie dostępne są państwu demokratycznemu. Straż Graniczna,jako jeden z istotnych komponentów systemu antyterrorystycznego posiada czytelne,ustawowo umocowane rozwiązania do realizacji czynnosci z zakresu rozpoznawania i przeciwdziałania zagrożeniom terroryzmem oraz bliźniacze służbom policyjnym, uprawnienia do stosowania wyrafinowanych metod pracy operacyjno-rozpoznawczej, takich jak m.in.: kontrolę operacyjną, przesyłkę niejawnie nadzorowaną, zakup kontrolowany, siatkę osobowych i nieosobowych źródeł informacji, fundusz operacyjny, system analizy operacyjnej, obserwację i technikę operacyjną, operacje specjalne, z których z powodzeniem korzysta. Autor opisuje działania podejmowane przez Straż Granicznż w zakresie jej ustawowego zadania, polegającego na prowadzeniu czynności w zakresie rozpoznawania i przeciwdziałania zagrożeniom terroryzmem
Strategiczne partnerstwo Unia Europejska-Ameryka Łacińska – między rzeczywistością a iluzją
No full textTo play a key role in international arena, the European Union promotes close ties with states of different regions. The subject of the EU interests is Latin America. The strategic partnership between the two is realized in three areas, defined during EU-Latin America summits, ministerial and experts meetings. The first area is economic and technological cooperation. The second field of cooperation is devoted to education, science and culture, and the third – to social cohesion and development assistance. The responsibility for implementation of the partnership provisions lays with the European Investment Bank, working groups and with cooperation programmes such as AL-INVEST, ALFA, ALBAN/Erasmus Mundus, @LIS, EUrocLIMA, URB-AL.Dążąc do odgrywania kluczowej roli na arenie międzynarodowej, Unia Europejska zacieśnia więzi z państwami różnych regionów. Przedmiotem zainteresowania jest również Ameryka Łacińska, z którą ustanowiono strategiczne partnerstwo. Jest ono realizowane w trzech obszarach, wyznaczonych podczas szczytów Unia Europejska – Ameryka Łacińska, spotkań ministerialnych i spotkań grup eksperckich. Pierwszym jest współpraca gospodarcza i technologiczna. Drugi obszar dotyczy edukacji, nauki i kultury, natomiast trzeci poświęcony jest pomocy rozwojowej. Implementacja założeń partnerstwa odbywa się za pośrednictwem Europejskiego Banku Inwestycyjnego, grup roboczych oraz programów tematycznych, takich jak AL-INVEST, ALFA, ALBAN/Erasmus Mundus, @LIS, EUrocLIMA, URB-AL
Od asymetrii do zrównoważonego partnerstwa: relacje Stany Zjednoczone-Republika Federalna Niemiec
Get PDFThroughout the Cold War, US-German relations were characterized by a clear asymmetry. This resulted not only from the imbalance between those countries’ potentials, but also from formula of the West German dependence on the American patron: the FRG relied heavily on the support and guarantees provided byWashington. In 1990, the unification of Germany introduced new elements to the relationship. New Germany became a sovereign and „normal” state, at the same time their rank and position in Europe was on the rise accompanied by a gradual weakening of the sense of dependence on the American patron. As a result, at the turn of the century US-German relations have entered a phase of mitigating the asymmetry. This process was accompanied by an unprecedented downturn in mutual relations: Germany became more assertive with respect to the Washington expectations and demands; they also became able to attitudes contrary to the American policy agenda. The United States understood that they are now dealing with a more difficult partner: one conscious of its rank, and strongly articulating its own interestsand expectations.Washington – Berlin relations have thus entered the phase of a more balanced partnership.Throughout the Cold War, US-German relations were characterized by a clear asymmetry. This resulted not only from the imbalance between those countries’ potentials, but also from formula of the West German dependence on the American patron: the FRG relied heavily on the support and guarantees provided byWashington. In 1990, the unification of Germany introduced new elements to the relationship. New Germany became a sovereign and „normal” state, at the same time their rank and position in Europe was on the rise accompanied by a gradual weakening of the sense of dependence on the American patron. As a result, at the turn of the century US-German relations have entered a phase of mitigating the asymmetry. This process was accompanied by an unprecedented downturn in mutual relations: Germany became more assertive with respect to the Washington expectations and demands; they also became able to attitudes contrary to the American policy agenda. The United States understood that they are now dealing with a more difficult partner: one conscious of its rank, and strongly articulating its own interestsand expectations.Washington – Berlin relations have thus entered the phase of a more balanced partnership
Strategiczne wyzwania dla polskiej polityki zagranicznej w kontekście prezydencji w Radzie Unii Europejskiej w 2011 roku
Get PDFThe contribution refers to selected priority areas of the Polish Presidency in the EU. The topics include the future EU Financial Framework; future of the EU enlargement policy, Eastern Partnership; the EU Energy Policy and especially areas of defense policy during Presidency: development of military capabilities, with a focus on pooling and sharing and the revival of the discussion on the increase of usefulness and flexibility of EU Battle Groups and strengthening EU capabilities, reform of its command structure, in particular improvement of planning capabilities and conducting operations at strategic level.Autor wskazuje wybrane obszary priorytetowe polskiej prezydencji w Unii Europejskiej. W szczególnoœci analizie poddano przyszłość polityki rozszerzenia, Partnerstwa Wschodniego, polityki energetycznej Unii Europejskiej, a także kwestie polityki obrony, między innymi możliwoœci rozwoju zdolności militarnych, dyskusji nad ideą grup bojowych UE i ustanowienia wspólnego dowództwa, co wzmocni zdolnoœci planowania i prowadzenia operacji
Stosunki irańsko-tureckie na początku XXI wieku: implikacje dla regionu Bliskiego Wschodu
Get PDFBoth Turkey and Iran are perceived as regional powers of the Middle East. Although Saudi Arabia and Egypt are also key players in the region, Iran and Turkey have tremendous potential in terms of politics, economy, demography as well as military power. This article is dedicated to the analysis of Turkish Iranian relations at the beginning of the 21st Century. Undoubtedly, current political and economic rapprochement between these two states is noticeable. Yet the most important questions concern the reasons for it as well as possible implications for the Middle East.Both Turkey and Iran are perceived as regional powers of the Middle East. Although Saudi Arabia and Egypt are also key players in the region, Iran and Turkey have tremendous potential in terms of politics, economy, demography as well as military power. This article is dedicated to the analysis of Turkish Iranian relations at the beginning of the 21st Century. Undoubtedly, current political and economic rapprochement between these two states is noticeable. Yet the most important questions concern the reasons for it as well as possible implications for the Middle East