Przegląd Strategiczny
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Refugee Question as an International Global Problem
Get PDFThe problem of refugees is a phenomenon characteristic of contemporary international relations. It can take an individual form (as a result of individual persecutions of a racial, religious, national or political character) or the form of mass relocations, especially in the face of military conflicts or general breaching of human rights. The purpose of this paper is to present the refugee question as an international global problem that may appear in any region of the world, impacting the situation of states and societies, that is perceived as both a threat and a fundamental challenge for the entire international community
Obwód Kaliningradzki a bezpieczeństwo Polski
Get PDFThe Kaliningrad Oblast of the Russian Federation (RF) is significant for the security of Poland, Lithuania and the Baltic countries. This westernmost region of Russia is surrounded by EU and NATO states and does not have a direct contact with the RF. Considerable military potential is concentrated in this region, including medium and long range missile launchers that may be armed with nuclear warheads. The government in Moscow treats the military potential of this region as an element of pressure to influence public opinion and discourage the Polish authorities from building the US anti-missile system in Poland.Obwód Kaliningradzki Federacji Rosyjskiej (FR) odgrywa istotną rolę dla bezpieczeństwa Polski, Litwy oraz państw regionu Morza Bałtyckiego. Ten najbardziej na zachód wysunięty obszar Rosji otoczony jest państwami UE i NATO i nie posiada bezpośredniej styczności z FR. Na obszarze obwodu zgromadzone są pokaźne siły zbrojne, w tym wyrzutnie rakiet średniego i dalekiego zasięgu, które mogą być uzbrojone w głowice atomowe. Władze w Moskwie traktują potencjał wojskowy zgromadzony w obwodzie jako element nacisku na opinię publiczną, tak by zniechęcić władze RP do budowy na terytorium Polski amerykańskiej tarczy antyrakietowej
Polish Civil Security in Regional Context
Get PDFThe chapter provides an overview of the civil security in Poland. At the beginning, the notion of civil security is explained and delimitated using the most common current definitions related to civil security, such as civil protection or disaster management. Theoretical conceptualizations from the Polish literature on the subject are included as well. In the second part of the chapter, main outlines of the civil security in Poland are presented based on peoples’ perception of non-military threats. This is done based on the data from Eurobarometer surveys from 2011 and 2012, both of which had a civil security component. Here, also the regional context is brought into debate, as the outcomes for Poland are compared with the ones for the Visegrad Group and with those for the whole EU. In the third and the last section, the organization of civil security in Poland is outlined, together with the appreciation of the role of the non-governmental (i.e. civic and for-profit/private) sector. The section then proceeds with the understanding of civil security as provided by the extant Polish legislation. Such understanding and practice is then compared with the theoretical approaches which were provided at the beginning. Peoples’ perceptions, too, are brought again into the forefront as they are linked here to the actual civil security practice in Poland
Sprawozdanie z ogólnopolskiej konferencji naukowej „Dziennikarstwo w obliczu konfliktu zbrojnego”
Get PDFInformation Security as Exemplified by Clandestine Collaboration and Influence Exerted by the Polish Internal Security Agency Officers on Journalists - De Lege Lata and De Lege Ferenda Regulations
Get PDFThe text addresses the issue of information security as exemplified by clandestine collaboration and the influence exerted by the Internal Security Agency officers upon journalists. The texts analyzes the de lege lata regulations as well as the de lege ferenda ones. As for the former, the penal provisions of the Act, that is Articles 153b–153d (Chapter 10a) are applicable, whereas as for the latter, the applicable regulations are the 2013 Bill Articles numbered 197-199 (Chapter 10). In both the 2002 Act on the Internal Security Agency and Foreign Intelligence Agency as well as in the 2013 draft Bill of the Internal Security Agency, the legislator penalizes the employment by the officers of the information acquired while fulfilling or in connection with official duties for the purpose of affecting the operation of public authority bodies, entrepreneurs or broadcasters, editors-in-chief, journalists and persons conducting publishing activity. Also, the text analyzes regulations concerned with the penalization of clandestine collaboration engaged in by ABW officers with a broadcaster, editor-in-chief, a journalist and a person conducting publishing activity
Bezpieczeństwo socjalne osób bezrobotnych w Polsce na tle sytuacji w Unii Europejskiej
Get PDFThe social security of people affected by unemployment, and their families, is provided by various means of monetary instruments and support in kind. The fundamental element of social security, however, is a system of unemployment benefits. The literature of the subject presents contradictory opinions on the motivational function of benefits and their influence on unemployment levels. Advocates of neoclassical concepts stress the adverse influence of benefits on the level of unemployment and the time out of work. Representatives of Keynesian thinking point to the lack of a negative correlation between the level of benefits and the unemployment rate. Relative agreement between studies and opinions can be found in the observations and conclusions concerning the relation between the length of time on benefits and its adverse impact on re-entering employment. These conclusions find corroboration in the global statistics of Eurostat, detailed studies conducted in Germany and the Polish analysis of the implementation of the flexicurity model. The opposite conclusions can be drawn from the analysis of the Danish example, which shows that labor market stability can be maintained while providing some of the highest unemployment benefits in the world and a long period of providing them
Ewolucja zagrożenia dżihadystycznego w Europie
Get PDFThe purpose of this article is to analyze the most important sources and manifestations of Islamic radicalism in Europe. In order to achieve this aim the historical and the ideological determinants of the development of this phenomenon have been presented, followed by identification of the main stages of the evolution of jihadist threats and actors affecting its evolution. In that respect main argument of this article is that the jihadist threat to the security of selected European countries has relatively increased in the last few years and is dependent of the following issues: the process of radicalization of Muslim communities in Europe, changes in tactics and organization of jihadi groups, the success of the recruitment process and anti-terrorist activity of Western countries.W niniejszej publikacji skupiono się na przedstawieniu źródeł i najważniejszych przejawów radykalizmu islamskiego w Europie. Zwrócono w szczególności uwagę na historyczne i ideologiczne determinanty rozwoju tego zjawiska. Wskazano najważniejsze etapy ewolucji zagrożenia dżihadystycznego oraz aktorów mających wpływ na jego ewolucję. Uwzględniając powyższe przesłanki w artykule zawarto ponadto najważniejsze wnioski dotyczące wzrastającego poziomu powyższego zagrożenia dla wybranych państw europejskich, w okresie ostatnich kilkunastu lat wraz ze wskazaniem zmiennych wpływających na ów poziom w postaci: procesu radykalizacji społeczności muzułmańskich w Europie, zmian w taktyce i organizacji grup dżihadystycznych, sukcesu akcji rekrutacyjnych i antyterrorystycznej aktywności państw Zachodu
